epfo;jfT (Probability)

1. xU ehzakhdJ Rz;lg;gLk;NghJ mtw;wpd; epfo;jfT jiytpOtjw;fhd

rhj;jpaf;$W ahJ ?

tpil : 1/2

tpsf;fk; :
$Wntsp> n = (jiy>g+)
epfo;r;rp> n = (jiy)
epfo;jfT> P = n/n
= 1/2
2. ,uz;L rPl;LfshdJ 52 rPl;Lfis cila xU rPl;Lfl;by; ,Ue;J
vLf;fg;gLfpwJ. vLf;fg;gLk; ,uz;L rPl;Lfspy; xU rPl;lhdJ ];NglhfTk;
kw;nwhd;W `hHl;bdhTk; miktjw;fhd epfo;jfT vd;d?

tpil : 13 / 102

tpsf;fk; :
$Wntsp>n(S) = 52C2
= (52 * 51) / (2 * 1)
= 26 * 51
n(S) = 1326
epfo;r;rp>n(E) = 13 ];NgL ml;ilfspy; ,Ue;J xU ];NgL rPl;Lk;> 13 `hHl;bd;
ml;ilfspy; ,Ue;J xU `hHl;bd; rPl;Lk; vLf;fg;glNtz;Lk;.
= 13C1 * 13C1
= 13 * 13
= 169
epfo;jfT>P(E) = n(E) / n(S)
= 169 / 1326
= 13 / 102
3. xU igapy; 6 nts;isg;ge;Jfs; kw;Wk; 4 fUg;Gg;ge;Jfs; cs;sd.
mtw;wpypUe;J ,uz;L ge;Jfs; Njhuhakhf vLf;fg;gLfpd;wd. vLf;fg;gLk;
,uz;L ge;JfSk; xNu epwkhf miktjw;fhd epfo;jfT ahJ ?

tpil : 7/15

tpsf;fk; :
$Wntsp>n(S) = (6 + 4) ,y; ,Ue;J ,uz;L ge;Jfs; Njhuhakhf
vLf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
= 10C2
= (10 * 9) / (2 * 1)
=5*9
n(S) = 45
epfo;r;rp>n(E) = vLf;fg;gLk; ge;Jfs; ,uz;Lk; nts;is epwkhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;
my;yJ fUg;G epwkhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.
= 6C2 + 4C2
= ((6 * 5) / (2 * 1)) + ((4 * 3) / (2 * 1))
= (3 * 5) + (2 * 3)
= 15 + 6
= 21
epfo;jfT>P(E) = n(E) / n(S)
= 21 / 45
= 7/15
4. Kjy; ,UgJ ,ay; vz;fspypUe;J xU KO vz; rktha;g;G Kiwapy;
NjHe;njLf;fg;gLfpwJ. me;j vz; xU gfh vz;zhf ,Ug;gjw;fhd
epfo;jftpidf; fhz;f.

tpil : 2/5

tpsf;fk; :
$Wntsp> S = { 1, 2, 3, 4,...........,20}
n(S) = 20
NjHe;njLf;fg;gLk; vz; gfh vz;zhf ,Uf;Fk; epfo;r;rpia A vd;f
A = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19}
n(A) = 8
vdNt> P(A) = n(A) / n(S)
= 8/20
= 2/5
5. xU tFg;gpy; cs;s 35 khztHfspy; 20 NgH Mz;fs; kw;Wk; 15 NgH
ngz;fs;. rktha;g;G Kiwapy; xU khztH NjHe;njLf;fg;gLfpwhH vdpy;>
NjHe;njLf;fg;gLgtH khztdhf> khztpahf ,Uf;f epfo;jfT fhz;f.

tpil : 4/7, 3/7

tpsf;fk; :
S vd;gJ ,r;Nrhjidapy; $Wntsp vdf; nfhs;f
nkhj;j khztHfspd; vz;zpf;if n(S) = 35
,r;Nrhjidapy; khztd; kw;Wk; khztp MfpNahiuj; NjHe;njLf;Fk;
epfo;r;rpfis B kw;Wk; G vdf; nfhs;f.
n(S) = 35, n(B) = 20 kw;Wk; n(G) = 15
khztidj; NjHe;njLg;gjw;fhd epfo;jfT P(B) = n(B) / n(S)
= 20/35
= 4/7
khztpiaj; NjHe;njLg;gjw;fhd epfo;jfT = P(G) = n(G) / n(S)
= 15 / 35
= 3/7
6. xU igapy; 5 rptg;G kw;Wk; rpy ePy epwg; ge;Jfs; cs;sd.
mg;igapypUe;J xU ePy epwg; ge;ij vLg;gjw;fhd epfo;jfT> xU rptg;G epwg;
ge;ij vLg;gjw;fhd epfo;jftpd; %d;W klq;F vdpy;> mg;igapYs;s ePy epwg;
ge;Jfspd; vz;zpf;ifiaf; fhz;f.

tpil : 15
tpsf;fk; :
igapYs;s ePy epwg; ge;Jfspd; vz;zpf;if x vdf; nfhs;f
vdNt> nkhj;jg; ge;Jfspd; vz;zpf;if n(S) = 5 + x
B vd;gJ xU ePy epwg; ge;ij vLf;Fk; epfo;r;rp
R vd;gJ xU rptg;G epwg; ge;ij vLf;Fk; epfo;r;rp
P(B) = 3P(R)
(n(B) / n(S)) = 3(n(R) / n(S))
x / (5 + x) = 3(5 / (5 + x))
x = (15 / (5 + x)) * (5 + x)
x = 15
MfNt> ePy epwg; ge;Jfspd; vz;zpf;if = 15
7. 35 nghUl;fs; mlq;fpa njhFg;G xd;wpy; 7 nghUl;fs; FiwghLilad.
mj;njhFg;gpypUe;J xU nghUs; rktha;g;G Kiwapy; NjHe;njLf;Fk; NghJ
mJ Fiwghlw;w nghUshf ,Ug;gjw;fhd epfo;jfT ahJ?

tpil : 4 / 5

tpsf;fk;
nkhj;jg; nghUl;fspd; vz;zpf;if n(S) = 35
FiwghLila nghUl;fspd; vz;zpf;if = 7
Fiwghlw;w nghUisj; NjHe;njLf;Fk; epfo;r;rpia A vd;f
Fiwghlw;w nghUl;fspd; vz;zpf;if n(A) = 35 - 7 = 28
vdNt> Fiwghlw;w nghUisj; NjHe;njLf;Fk; epfo;r;rpapd; epfo;jfT P(A) =
(n(A) / n(S))
= 28 / 35
=4/5
8. ,uz;L ehzakhdJ Rz;lg;gLk;NghJ mtw;wpd; epfo;jfthdJ
mjpfgl;rkhf H fpilg;gjw;fhd rhj;jpaf;$W ahJ ?

tpil : 3/4

tpsf;fk; :
(S) = {(H,H), (H,T), (T,H), (T,T)}
n(S) =4
(E) = epfo;jftpy; mjpfgl;rkhf xU H fpilg;gjw;fhd rhj;jpaf;$Wfs;
n(E) = {(H,T), (T,H), (T,T)}
=3
P(E) = n(E) / n(S)
= 3/4
9. xU gfilahdJ cUl;lg;gLk;NghJ mtw;wpd; epfo;jfthdJ 3-d;
ngUf;Fg;gydhf miktjw;fhd epfo;jfT vd;d ?

tpil : 1/3

tpsf;fk; :
S = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }
n(S) = 6
E = fpilf;Fk; kjpg;ghdJ 3-d; ngUf;Fg;gydhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
E = {3, 6}
n(E) = 2
P(E) = n(E)/n(S)
= 2/6
= 1/3

10. xU Nrhb gfilahdJ cUl;lg;gLk;NghJ mtw;wpd; $l;Lj;njhifahdJ

7f;F mjpfkhf fpilg;gjw;fhd epfo;jfT vd;d ?

tpil : 5/12
tpsf;fk; :
n(S)= 36
E = fpilf;Fk; vz;fspd; $l;Lj;njhifahdJ 7- f;F mjpfkhf ,Uj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;.
n(E) = {(2>6)> (3>5)> (3>6)> (4>4)> (4>5)> (4>6)> (5>3)> (5>4)> (5>5)> (5>6)> (6>2)> (6>3)>
(6>4)> (6>5)>(6>6)}
n(E) = 15
P(E) = n(E)/n(S)
= 15/36 ; = 5/12
11. %d;W ehzakhdJ Rz;lg;gLk;NghJ mtw;wpd; epfo;jfthdJ
Fiwe;jg;gl;rk; ,uz;L H fpilg;gjw;fhd rhj;jpaf;$W ahJ ?

tpil : 1/2

tpsf;fk; :
$Wntsp(S) = {(T,T,T), (T,T,H), (T,H,T), (H,T,T), (T,H,H), (H,T,H), (H,H,T),
(H,H,H)}
n(S) = 8
epfo;r;rp n(E) = epfo;jftpy; Fiwe;jg;gl;rk; ,uz;L H fpilg;gjw;fhd
rhj;jpaf;$W
n(E) = {(T,H,H), (H,T,H), (H,H,T), (H,H,H)} ; n(E) = 4
P(E)= n(E)/n(S) ; = 4/8 ; = 1/2