`jP];fspd; ngauhy;

\PMtpd; rPu;NfLfs;
vk;.v];. vk;. ,k;jpah]; ]ygp
egp(]y;) mtu;fSf;Fg; gpd; ~~Ml;rp mjpfhuk;
nra;tjw;F jFjpahdtu; myp(uyp)mtu;fs;. mypf;Fj;jhd;
egpatu;fs; Ml;rp Fwpj;J t]Paj; nra;jpUe;jhu;fs;.
mjid mypaplk; xg;gilf;fhky; %d;W fypghf;fSk;
mepahak; ,ioj;J tpl;lhu;fs; vd;w gpur;rhuj;NjhL
gpuNtrpj;jtu;fs; jhd; \PMf;fs;. ,g;gpur;rhuj;ij ve;j
nthU r`hgpAk; nra;jjpy;iy. m`;Yy; igj;fs;
vdg;gLk; egpfshUila FLk;gj;jpypUe;J vtUk; Fw;wk;
rhl;baJkpy;iy.
khwhf rd;M vDk; gFjpapypUe;J fpsk;gpa
mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D rgh vd;gtNd gpur;rhuk;
nra;ayhdhd;. ,td; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljhf
$wpa xUa+jdhthd;. ,tDila #o;r;rpfis
md;iwf;Nf r`hghf;fshYk; myp(uyp) mtu;fshYk;
fz;L nfhs;s Kbe;jJ vd;gJk; Kf;fpa mk;rkhFk;.
,g;D rgh cUthf;fpa $l;lj;jpdUf;Nf \PM vdg;gLk;.
egp(]y;) mtu;fSila kUkfdhd myp(uyp)> ghjpkh
(uyp)> `]d;> `_ird;(uyp) MfpNahUf;F kl;Lk;
Kd;Dupik nfhLj;J mtu;fSk; mtu;fSila
guk;giuapy; te;jtu;fs; kl;Lk; jhd; m`;Yy; igj;Jfs;
vd;Wk; \PMf;fs; $Wfpd;wdu;. vdNt Ml;rp mjpfhuKk;
m`;Yy; igj;fSf;Nf nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W
gpur;rhuk; nra;jJ kl;Lkd;wp mg;gpur;rhuj;jpid epiy
ehl;L Kfkhf Nghyp `jP]f ; isAk; cUthf;fpdu;.
K`k;kJ ,g;D myp `{ird; ,g;D ghgit`p
vd;fpd;w \PMf;fhuu; $Wk;NghJ ~~vth; myp (uyp)apd;
jiyikj;Jtj;ijAk; mtUf;Fg; gpd;dhy; te;j (vkJ)
,khk;fsJ jiyikj;Jtj;ijAk; Vw;f kWf;fpwhNuh
1
mth; vy;yh egpkhh;fSf;Fk; nfhLf;fg;gl;l egpj;Jtj;ij
kWj;jth; Nghyhthh;.
vth; myp (uyp)apd; jiyikj;Jtj;ij kl;Lk; Vw;Wf;
nfhz;L mtUf;Fg; gpd;dhy; te;j ,khk;fsJ
jiyikj; Jtj;ij Vw;f kWf;fpwhNuh mth; vy;yh
egpkhh;fspd; egpj;Jtj;ijAk; Vw;Wf;nfhz;L K`k;kJ
egp(]y;) mth;fspd; egpj;Jtj;ij Vw;f kWj;jtd;
Nghyhthd;|| vd;whu;. (E}y:; hp]hyhJy; ,/jpfhjhj;
gf;fk; 103)
vth; myp (uyp)apd; jiyikj;Jtj;ijAk; mtUf;Fg;
gpd;dhy; te;j (\PM) ,khk;fspd; jiyikj;Jtj;ijAk;
Vw;fkWf;fpwhNuh mth;fs; epue;ju eufthjpfs; vd;gij
mwptpg;gJjhd; \ph;f;> Fg;h; vd;w thh;j;ijapd;
tpsf;fkhFk; vd Ky;yh K`k;kJ ghfph; k[;yp]p vd;w
\PMf;fhuu; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. (E}y;: gp`hUy; md;thh;
23/90)
\PM vd;fpd;w ,f;nfhs;ifia Vw;Wf; nfhs;shj
vy;yh K];ypk;fSk>; ]`hghf;fs; fhyj;jpypUe;J
,d;Wtiu midtUk; fhgph;fs;> eufthjpfs; vd;gJ
\PMf;fspd; cWjpahd nfhs;ifahFk;. Mdhy;
K];ypk;fSld; NgRk; NghJk;> goFk; NghJk; ~~\PMTk;
Rd;dpAk; xd;Wjhd;|| vdf; $wp jq;fs; nfhs;ifapd;
tpguPjk; kf;fs; Gupe;Jf; nfhs;sh tz;zk; ebg;ghu;fs;.
,t;thW ebf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJk; ,tu;fsJ kjf;
nfhs;ifahFk;. ,jid ~~jf;fpa;ah my;yJ Jf;ah|| vd
miof;fg;gLk;. \PMtpd; nfh^uk; gw;wp mwpahj mg;ghtp
K];ypk;fs; khl;bf; nfhs;tNjhL mtu;fis ~~\PM
K];ypk;’’ vd miof;fpwhu;fs;.
\PMtpd; Md;kPfj;jpd; FUgPlkhf myp (uyp)
mtu;fisAk; mtu;fsJ FLk;gj;jpdiuAk; Fwpg;ghf
mg;guk;giuapypUe;J tUk; 12 ,khk;fisAk;

2
rpj;jupj;jJld; mtu;fis jdpkdpj topghl;Lf;F cupa
tu;fshfTk; Mf;fpdhu;fs;.
jq;fsJ ,Ug;ig jf;fitj;Jf;nfhs;s egp (]y;)
mth;fspd; ngauhy; `jP];fis Kd;itj;jhy; jhd;
r%f mq;fPfhuk; fpilf;Fk; vd;gjw;fhf Nghyp
`jP]f ; is cUthf;fpdhYk; r`hghf;fSk; Neh;ikahd
,khk;fSk; clDf;Fld; mitfis r%fj;jpw;F
milahsk; fhl;bdu;.
\PMf;fs; cUthf;fpa Nghyp `jP];fis rw;W
ftdpAq;fs;;:
ehDk; ,k;uhDila kfd; `hUDk; ]fupahtpd;
kfd; a`;ahTk; mg+jhypgpd; kfd; mypAk; xNu
kz;zpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;Nlhk;. (Ehy;: my;gth ,Jy;
k[;%M gpy;m`h jP]py; kt;YhM gf;fk;.342)
ehDk; mypAk; xNu xspapypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;L Mjk;
(miy)gilf;fg;gLtjw;F ,uz;lhapuk; tUlq;fSf;F
Kd; my;yh`;tpd; mu;\pd; tyJ gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;Njhk;.
(my; gth,Jy; k[;%M gpy;m`hjP]py; kt;YhM
gf;fk;.343)
Mjk; (miy) jtwpioj;j NghJ> ahmy;yh`;!
K`k;kjpd; nghUl;lhYk; myp ghjpkh `]d; `_ird;
MfpNahupd; nghUl;lhYk; cd;dplk; kd;dpg;Gf;
NfhUfpNwd; vd;W kd;dpg;G Nfl;lNghJ my;yh`;
kd;dpg;G toq;fpdhd;. (Ehy;: my;kt;YhMj; yp,g;dp
[t;]p)
m`;Yy;igj; vDk; vdJ FLk;gk; Eh`; egpapd;
fg;giyg; Nghd;wJ. ahu; mjpy; VwpdhNuh mtu; ntw;wpg;
ngw;whu;. ahu; Vwtpy;iyNah mtu; mope;J tpl;lhu;.
(Ehy;: kpd;`h[{y; fuhkh gf;fk; 172)
vdf;Fg; gpd;dhy; gd;dpnuz;L ,khk;fs;
,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. mth;fspd; ,Wjpahdth; k`;jpahthh;.

3
mth;fspd; jiyth; myp (uyp) Mthu;. mth;fSf;F
topg;gl;lth; vdf;F topg;gl;ltuhthu;. mth;fSf;F
khWnra;jth; vdf;F khWnra;jtuhthh;;. me;j
gd;dpnuz;L ,khk;fspy; xUtiuf; $l epuhfhpj;jth;
vd;id epuhfhpj;jtuhthh;. (E}y;: hp]hyhJy; ,/jpfhjj;
gf;fk; 103)
gd;dpnuz;L ,khk;fSk; vdJ FLk;gj;ijr; rhh;e;j
th;fs;. vdJ tpsf;fj;ij (mwpit) my;yh`;
mth;fSf;Ff; nfhLj;Js;shd;. mth;fs; vdf;Fg;
gpd;dhy; fyPghf;fshf ,Ug;ghh;fs;. mth;fs; vd;dhy;
t]Paj;J nra;ag;gl;lth;fshfTk; vdJ gps;isfshfTk;
vdJ guk;giuiar; rhh;e;jth;fshfTk; cs;shu;fs;.
mth;fSf;F topg;gl;lth; vdf;F topg;gl;;ltuhthh;.
mth;fSf;F khWnra;gth; vdf;F khW nra;jtuhthh;.
thdk;> g+kpapd; kPJ tPo;tij tpl;Lk; mth;fs; %ykhf
my;yh`; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;. mth;fs; g+kpapy;
tho;tjdhy; jhd; my;yh`; g+kpiag; ghJfhj;Jf;
nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;. (E}y;: at;Ky; ,f;yh]; gP ypy;ypy;
fh`pkpy; k`;jp gf;fk; 45)
r`hghf;fis Rtdthrpfs; vd;W Vw;f KbahJ vd
kWj;J Nghyp `jP]f ; is cUthf;FtjpYk; ftdk;
nrYj;jpajdhy; \PMf;fs;> uhgpopfs; vd;Wk; miof;fg;
gl;lhu;fs;. `jP];fis cUthf;Ftjpy; ,tu;fspy;;
%d;W rhuhh; cs;sdh;.
KjyhtJ rhuhh;: egp (]y;) mth;fs; $wpa xU
nra;jpia (`jPi]) nrtpAw;why; mjid xU
mbg;gilahf my;yJ Kd;Djhuzkhf ~~Nkhlyhf||
itj;J gy `jP]f ; is cUthf;Fth;. jk; ,\;lk;
Nghy; `jP];fspy; $l;ly; Fiwj;jy;fis Nkw;nfhs;th;.
,uz;lhtJ rhuhh;: \Pahf;fspd; ,khk;fspy; xUtuhd
[/gh; ]hjpf; ngauhy; `jP]f ; is cUthf;fp> ,e;j
`jPi] [/gh; ]hjpf; mwptpj;jhh;. mtUf;F ,d;dhh; >

4
,d;dhh; mwptpj;jdh; vdf; $wp ,Wjpapy; egp (]y;)
mth;fs;jhd; ,e;j `jPi]f; $wpdhh;fs; vd;W $Wth;.
([/gh; ]hjpf; ngaupy; K];ypk;fSf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk;
gf;jpapd; fhuzkhf mtu; ngaupy; kt;yPijAk; nfhz;L
te;J Nru;j;jdu;. ,e;j cz;ikia mwpahj kf;fs; gyu;
cs;sdu;)
%d;whk; rhuhh;: jq;fs; Gj;jpf;Fg;gl;l nra;jpfis
nay;yhk; mth;fs; tpUk;Gfpd;w gpufhuk; $wp
mitfisAk; `jP];fs; vd;W mwpKfg;gLj;Jthh;fs;.
(E}y;: ,khk; ,g;D [t;]p (u`;) mth;fspd; my;
kt;Y}Mj;> ghfk; 1> gf;fk; 338)
Nghyp `jP]f ; is cUthf;Fk; Nfe;jpu];jykhf
kj;jpa epiyakhf $gh efuk; mike;jpUe;jJ.
\PMf;fspd; Mjpf;fk; epiwe;j xU efukhf md;Wk;
,d;Wk; ,J fhl;rp aspf;fpwJ.
,J gw;wp Map\h (uyp) mth;fs; $Wk;NghJ> “<uhf;
thrpfNs! \hk; ehl;Lf;fhuh;fs; cq;fis tplr; rpwe;jth;
fshf ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. mjpfkhd egpj; Njhoh;fs; mq;F
nrd;wJjhd; ,jw;fhd fhuzk;. ehq;fs; mwpe;j tp\aq;
fisNa mth;fs; mwptpj;jhh;fs;. cq;fsplj;jpy; kpff;
Fiwe;j egpj; Njhoh;fs; jhd; te;jhh;fs;. Mdhy;
ehq;fs; mwpe;j tp\aq;fisAk;> mwpahj gy
tp\aq;fisAk; vq;fSf;F mwptpf;fpd;wPh;fs;. ehq;fs;
mwpahj tp\aq;fs; cq;fSf;F vq;fpUe;J fpilj;jd?”
vd;W Ml;Nrgpj;jhu;fs;. (E}y:; jhhPFy; fgPh;> ghfk; 1>
gf;fk; 69)
Nghyp `jP]f ; is cUthf;Fk; ,th;fsJ Ntfj;ijg;
gw;wp ,khk; R`;hp (u`;) mth;fs; tpghpf;ifapy;
~~vq;fsplkpUe;J xU rhz; msT `jP]; ntspahdhy;
mth;fsplkpUe;J xU Kok; msT `jP]; ntspah
fpwJ.’’ vd;W $wpdhh;fs;. (E}y:; ,g;D m]hfph;)

5
 mjhtJ ehq;fs; ]`P`hd xU `jPi]
mwptpj;jhy; uhgpshf;fs; mJ Nghd;W gj;J klq;F
`jP]f ; is cUthf;fp tpLfpwhu;;fs; vd;W mth; fsJ
gaq;fukhd Nghf;if ,khk; R`;hp (u`;) vLj;Jf;
fhl;Lfpwhh;fs;.
mg;Jh; u`;khd; ,g;D k`;jp vd;gth; ,khk;
khypf;(u`;) mth;fsplk; te;J> ehq;fs; kjPdhtpy;
ehw;gJ ehl;fs; jq;fpapUe;J Nfl;Fk; `jP]f ; is
<uhf;fpy; xNu xU ehspy; Nfl;L tpLfpNwhNk ,J vg;gb
vd;W Nfl;lhh;. mjw;F ,khk; khypf; (u`;) mth;fs;
gjpy; $Wk;NghJ ~~cq;fsplk; cs;sJ Nghd;W ehza
cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; ,ae;jpuk; vq;fsplk; ,y;iy. ePq;fs;
,utpy; mr;rbj;J gfypy; nryTnra;fpwPh;fs;|| vd;W
Fwpg;gpl;lhu;fs;. (E}y;: my;Kd;jfh gf;fk;-55)
fs;s ehzaq;fs; (Nehl;Lf;fs;) mr;rbj;J
cz;ikahd gz Nehl;Lf;fSld; fye;J ghtidf;F
tpl;LtpLtJ Nghy; Nghyp `jP]f ; is cUthf;fp
cz;ikahd `jP]f ; Sld; fye;J tpLtjpy; ,th;fs;
mjpf ftdk; nrYj;jpdhh;fs;.
`k;khj; ,g;D ]ykh (u`;) $Wfpwhh;fs;. uhgpshf;
fisr; rhh;e;j i\f;F xUth; vd;dplk; mth;fsJ
epiyiag; gw;wp $Wk;NghJ ~~ehq;fs; xd;W Nrh;e;J xU
tp\aj;ij ey;ynjd fUjpdhy; me;j tp\aj;ij
(nra;jpia egpatu;fs; $wpa) `jP]hf cUthf;fp
tpLNthk;|| vd;whh;. (E}y;: kpd;`h [{]; ]{d;dh ghfk;.1
gf;fk;12- jj;uPGu;uhtp. ghfk;.1 gf;fk; 285)
jq;fsJ eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;s ve;j mk;rj;ij
Kf;fpakhdjhff; fUJfpwhu;fNsh mjid `jP]; vd;w
ngaupy; cUthf;fp tpLtjw;Fk; jq;fs; gzpf;F vr;
nra;jp jilahf ,Ug;gjhf czu;fpwhu;fNsh mjid
Kwpabj;J tpLtjw;Fk; Nghyp `jP]f ; isg; gad;gLj;jp
tpl;L egpapd;kPJ gopia Rkj;jptpLthu;fs;.

6
 ~~uhgpshf;fsplkpUe;J nra;jpfis ngw;Wf; nfhs;shjPh;
fs;. epr;rakhf mth;fs; `jP];fis ,l;Lf;fl;b mit
fis khh;f;fkhf vLj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wdh; vd ,khk;
\hPf; ,g;D mg;Jy;yh`; my;fhdp (u`;) $Wfpwhh;fs;.
(E}y;: kpd;`[{]; ]{d;dh> ghfk; 01> gf;fk; 13)
~~uhgpshf;fisg; gw;wp vd;d nrhy;fpwPh;fs; vd;W ,khk;
khypf; (u`;) mth;fsplk; Nfl;lNghJ “mth;fsplk;
NgrhjPh;fs;. mth;fsplkpUe;J fpilf;Fk; ve;jr; nra;jp
iaAk; mwptpf;fhjPh;fs;.” vd;whu;fs;. (E}y;: kpd;
`h[{]; ]{d;dh ghfk; 1> gf;fk; 13)
ngha;apd; KOtbtkhfr; nray;gl;l ,th;fsplkpUe;J
tUk; ve;jnthU nra;jpiaAk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sTk; $lhJ
kw;wth;fSf;F mwptpj;JtplTk; $lhJ vd;W mth;fsJ
Kfj;jpiuiaf; fpopj;Jf; fhl;bdhh;fs; ,khk; khypf;
(u`;) mth;fs;.
,khk; \hgp< (u`;) mth;fs; $Wk;NghJ: “ngha;iaf;
nfhz;L rhl;rp nrhy;yf; $ba kNdh ,r;iriag;
gpd;gw;wf; $ba uhgpshf;fis tpl xU $l;lj;ij ehd;
fz;ljpy;iy.” vd;whh;fs;. (E}y;: ,f;jp]hU cY}kpy;
`jP]py; ,g;dp f]Ph;. gf;fk; 109)
myp(uyp) mtu;fspd; rpwg;Gf;fs; gw;wp uhgpshf;fs; cU
thf;fpa `jP]f ; is fzf;fpl KbahJ vd ,khk;
,g;Dy; ifAk; (u`;) $Wfpwhu;fs;. ,khk; mg+a/yh
u`;) $Wk; NghJ myp(uyp) kw;Wk; m`;Yy; igj;fs;
rpwg;G gw;wp uhgpshf;fs; cUthf;fpa `jP]; %d;W
,yl;rj;ijr; rhUk; vd;fpwhu;fs;. (Ehy;:my; kpdhUy;
KdPg; gf;fk;116. my;ty;c tpy; `jP]pd; egtp>
gf;fk;76)
Nghyp `jP];fis Kd;itj;J jq;fis
];jpug;gLj;jpf; nfhs;syhk; vd;w Nghf;fpy; uhgpshf;fs;
fsk; ,wq;fpdhYk; ,tu;fspd; mgj;jq;fis ,khk;fs;
jf;f rkaj;jpy; milahsk; fhl;bdhu;fs;.
7
 r`hghf;fs; kPJ nfhz;l fho;g;Gzu;r;rpapd; fhuzkhf
uhgpshf;fs; cUthf;fpa ngha;ahd rpy `jP]f ; is ft
dpAq;fs;.
ckh; (uyp) rp`hf; vd;w tpgr;rhu ngz;Zf;Fg;
gpwe;jth;. mg;Jy; Kj;jypg; mg;ngz;Zld; tpgr;rhuk;
nra;jNghJ gpwe;jth; jhd; ckh;!
mg+ gf;fh; (uyp) i\j;jhdpd; nfhk;G! mg+gf;fUk;
ckUk; ngha;ah;fs; mepahaf;fhuh;fs; eatQ;rfh;fs;
(Kdhgpf;Ffs;!) vth; mt;tpUthpd; Ml;rpg; nghWg;ig
Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhNuh mth; [h`pypaj;jhd topNflhd
kuzj;ijNa jOtpdhh;.
epr;rakhf c];khd; (uyp) rgpf;fg;gl;l mrj;jpaj;jpy;
,Ue;jth;. vth; c];khid Vw;Wf; nfhz;ltuhf kuzpj;
jhNuh mth; fhiskhl;il tzq;fpatid tpl kpfg;
nghpa ghtj;ij nra;j mepahaf;fhudhf kuzpj;j
tuhthh;.
(,r;nra;jp \PMf;fspd; mbg;gil nfhs;iffis
tpsf;Fk; E}y;fshd c]{Yy; fhgp> gp`hUy; md;thh;>
`f;Fy; afPd; Nghd;w E}y;fspy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sjhf
mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D ]`PJy; [{idjp mth;fs;
~~`pthUy; `hjpAd; igd]; ]{d;djp t\;\Pmjp vDk;
jdJ E}ypy; tpghpf;fpwhh;. gf;fk; 42> 43)
Rth;f;fj;ijf; nfhz;L ed;khuhak; nrhy;yg;gl;l ,e;j
ck;kj;jpd; mjp rpwg;Gf;Fhpa mg+gf;fh; (uyp) ckh; (uyp)
c];khd; (uyp) MfpNahiu \PMf;fs; ve;jsT
Nftykhf kjpf;fpwhh;fs; vd;gij ftdj;jpy;
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
“KMtpah vdJ kpk;ghpd; kPJ epw;ff; fz;lhy;
mtiuf; nfhd;W tpLq;fs;.” (E}y;: \u`; e`;[{y;
gyhfh ghfk; 01> gf;fk; 135)

8
 ahmy;yh`;! KMtpahTf;Fk;> mk;U ,g;DM]; mth;
fSf;Fk; gpj;dh vDk; Milia mzptpg;ghahf!
mth;fs; ,UtiuAk; eufj;jpy; js;sp tpLthahf (E}y;:
Nkw;gb E}y; ghfk; 01> gf;fk; 135)
KMtpah(uyp)iaAk; mk;U ,g;D M];(uyp)iaAk;
jq;fSf;Fg; gpbf;ftpy;iy vd;gjw;fhf jq;fs; ntWg;ig
ntspf; fhl;Lk; Kfkhf ,g;gbahd Nghyp `jP];fis
cUthf;fp mr;RWj;jy; tpLj;jdh;.
myp (uyp)mth;fs; kPJ kjpg;Gk; kupahijAk;
itj;jpUe;j kf;fspd; epiyiaf; fz;l \PMf;fs; me;j
kupahijia rhjfkhf gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L myp (uyp)
mtu;fspd; rpwg;Gf;fisg; Nghw;wpg; Gfo;e;J ,y;yhjJk;
nghy;yhjJkhd fijfisf; fl;b `jP];fshff; $wp
jq;fs; \PMf; nfhs;ifia tsh;ff ; Muk;gpj;jhh;fs;.
,t;thW $wg;gl;l rpy nra;jpfisg; ghUq;fs;:
~~ahh; Mjk; (miy)apd; mwpitAk;> E}`; (miy)apd;
tpsf;fj;ijAk;> ,g;wh`Pk; (miy)apd; nghWikiaAk;>
a`;ah (miy)apd; gw;ww;w jd;ik iaAk;> %]h
(miy)apd; Njhw;wj;ijAk;> <]h (miy)apd; ,ghjj;ij
Ak;> fhz tpUk;GfpwhNuh mth; mypia ghh;j;Jf;
nfhs;sl;Lk; vd egp (]y;) mth;fs; $wpdhh;fs;. (E}y;:
,khk; ,g;D [t;]p (u`;) mth;fspd; my;kt;Y} Mj;
ghfk; 01> gf;fk; 17)
vth; ,g;wh`Pk; egpapd; rfpg;Gj; jd;ikiag; ghh;f;f
tpUk;GfpwhNuh vth; E}`; egpapd; mwpitg; ghh;f;f
tpUk;GfpwhNuh vth; a+Rg; egpapd; moifg; ghh;f;f
tpUk;GfpwhNuh mth; mypia ghh;j;Jf; nfhs;sl;Lk;.
(Nkw;gb E}y;: gf;fk; 17)
myp (uyp) mth;fs; xU Ntiyf;fhfg; Ngha;> #hpad;
kiwe;j gpd; te;jhh;fs;. egpath;fs; mypiag; ghh;j;J
~mypNa! m]h; njhOJ tpl;lhah? vd;W Nfl;lhh;fs;.
mjw;F myp (uyp) ,y;iy vd;W $wpdhh;. clNd

9
egpath;fs; ah my;yh`;! myp cdJ Njitf;fhfTk;
cdJ egpapd; Njitf;fhfTk; Ngha;te;jhh; vd;gij
epr;rakhf ePmwptha;. MfNt kiwe;j #hpaid (m]h;
njhOiff;fhf) eP kPz;Lk; cjpf;fr; nra;thahf’ vd
egpath;fs; gpuhh;j;jpj;jhh;fs;. clNd #hpad; cjpj;jJ.
myp(uyp) m]h; njhOj gpd; #hpad; kiwe;jJ. (E}y;:
my; kt;Y}Mj; ghfk; 01> gf;fk; 15)
vd;id kp/uh[{f;F mioj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;l Ntisapy;
xU kyf;if fle;J nrd;Nwd;. mk;kyf;F nts;spapyhd
xU fl;bypy; cl;fhh;e;J nfhz;bUe;jhh;. mtUila
xUfhy; fpof;fpYk; kw;wf;fhy; Nkw;fpYk; tphpe;J
,Ue;jJ. mtUf;F Kd;dhy; ,Ue;j xUgyifia cw;W
ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;. cyfk; KOtJk; mtUila
,U fz;fSf;F kj;jpapy; ,Ue;jd. gilg;Gf;fs;
midj;Jk; mtUila ,U Koq;fhy;fSf;F kj;jpapy;
,Ue;jJ. mtUila if Nkw;ifAk; fpof;ifAk; vl;lf;
$bajhf ePz;L ,Ue;jJ.
[pg;hPNy ,th; ahh; vd;W ehd; Nfl;Nld;. ,th;jhd;
,];uhaPy;! mthplk; nrd;W ]yhk; $W vd;W [pg;hPy;
vdf;Ff; $wpdhh;. ehd; mtUf;F ]yhk; $wpNdd;.
mtUk; ]yhj;jpw;F gjpy; $wp tpl;L ckJ rhr;rhtpd;
kfd; myp vd;d nra;fpwhh; vd;W tpdtpdhh;. vdJ
rhr;rhtpd; kfd; mypia ePq;fs; mwptPu;fsh vd;W
Nfl;Nld;. ehd; vg;gb mtiu mwpahky; ,Ug;Ngd;.
cq;fsJ capiuAk; cq;fs; rhr;rhtpd; kfd; mypapd;
capiuAk; jtpu kw;wg; gilg; gpdq;fspd; caph;fis
ifg;gw;Wk; nghWg;ig my;yh`; vdf;F xg;gilj;
jpUf;fpwhd;. epr;rakhf my;yh`;> cq;fs; ,UthpdJk;
caph;fis mtd; ehl;lg; gpufhuk; ifg;gw;Wthd; vdf;
$wpdhh;. (E}y:; my;kt; Y}Mj; ghfk; 01> gf;fk; 14>15)
ck;K ]ykhNt!. myp vdJ khkprj;ijAilatu;.
mtUila ,uj;jk; vdJ ,uj;jkhFk;. %]h egpaplk;
`hUd; (miy)f;Fupa me;j];J vd;dplj;jpy; mypf;F
10
cz;L. mypAld; nghwhikg;gl;ltu; vd;Dld;
nghwhikg; gl;L epuhfupj;jtuhthu;. thdq;fs; kw;Wk; g+kp
gilf;fg; gLtjw;F ,uz;lhapuk; tUlq;fSf;F Kd;Ng
Rtdj;jpd; thapypy; ,iwj;Jhjupd; rNfhjuu; myp
Mthu; vd vOjg; gl;bUe;jJ. (Ehy;: my;ty; c tpy;
`jP]pd; egtp gf;fk;77)
egp (]y;) mth;fs; jdJ ,Wjp `[;i[ Kbj;J
tpl;L kjPdh jpUk;Gk; topapy; ~~fjPh;fk;|| vDk; ,lj;jpy;
vy;yh ]`hghf;fisAk; xd;W $l;b myp (uyp)
mth;fspd; ifiag; gpbj;J nfhz;L ,th; vd;dhy;
t]Paj;J nra;ag;gl;lth;. vdJ rNfhjuh.; vdf;Fg; gpwF
fyPghthf tu ,Ug;gth;. vdNt ,tUf;F fl;Lg;gl;L
topg;gLq;fs; vdf; $wpdhh;fs;. (E}y;: m];]{d;dh t
kfhdJ`h gpj;j\;hP ,y; ,];yhkp gf;fk; 79>80)
ehd; mwptpd; juhR> myp mjd; ,U jl;Lf;fs; >
`]d;> `{i]d; mj;juhrpd; fapWfs;. ghjpkh juhrpd;
njhluhf ,Uf;fpwhh;. vq;fspypUe;J tUk; ,khk;fs;
mj;juhrpapd; J}z;fs;. mj;juhrpapy; jhd; vq;fis
Nerpg;gth;fSila> ntWg;gth;fSila nray;fs;
epWf;fg;gLfpd;wd. me;j Nerj;NjhL vj;jid ghtq;fs;
nra;jhYk; mtd; fz;bf;fg;gl khl;lhd;. myp>ghj;jpkh>
`]d;> `{i]d; MfpNahiu ntWg;gJ ghtkhFk;.
me;j ntWg;NghL nra;ag;gLk; ed;ikfs; gad;juhJ.
ehd; fy;tpapd; gl;lzk;. myp (uyp) mjd; thapy;.
vth; mwpitg; ngw ehLfpwhNuh mth; me;j thapYf;F
tul;Lk;. (E}y;: my; kt;Y}Mj;> gf;fk; 350)
myp (uyp) kdpjh;fspy; rpwe;jth; vd;W vth; $w
tpy;iyNah mth; fhgpuhfp tpl;lhh;;. (E}y;: my;kt;Y}Mj;>
gf;fk; 347)
K`k;kNj! myp (uyp) kdpjh;fspy; rpwe;jth;. vth;
mtiu kWf;fpwhNuh mth; fhgpuhfp tpl;lhh; vd [pg;hPy;
(miy) vd;dplk; $wpdhh;. (Nkw;gb E}y;: gf;fk; 348)

11
 myp (uyp)ia ghh;g;gJ tzf;fkhFk;. ,ghjj;jhFk;.
(Nkw;gb E}y;: gf;fk; 360)
my;yh`; Mjk; egpiag; gilg;gjw;F gjpdhd;F
tUlq;fSf;F Kd;dhy; ehDk; mypAk; my;yh`;
tplj;jpy; xspahf ,Ue;Njhk;. my;yh`; Mjikg;
gilj;j NghJ me;j xspia ,Ugphpthf gphpj;jhd;.
mjpy; ehd; xU gphpthfTk; myp xU gphpthfTk;
MfpNdhk;. (Nkw;gb E}y;: gf;fk; 14>15)
ehq;fs; egp (]y;) mth;fNshL ,Ue;Njhk;. mg;NghJ
xU gwit mjd; thapy; gr;ir epw Kj;ij Rke;J
te;J egp (]y;) mth;fspd; kbapy; Nghl;lJ. mjid
egpath;fs; vLj;J Kj;jkpl;L tpl;L mjidj; jpwe;J
ghh;j;jhh;fs;. mjpy; gr;ir epw Kj;J ,Ue;jJ. mjpy;
yh,yh` ,y;yy; yh`{ K`k;kJh; u]{Yy;yh`;
vd;Wk; mypapd; %ykhf egpf;F cjtpAz;L vd;Wk;
vOjg; gl;bUe;jJ. (Nkw;gb E}y;: gf;fk;-15)
ehq;fs; egp (]y;) mth;fSld; gs;spapy; ,Ue;jNghJ
mypiag; ghh;j;J my;yh`; cdf;F vdJ kfs;
ghjpkhit kzk; Kbj;Jj; je;Js;shd; vd;W $wp ,Njh
[pg;hPy; vdf;F ,g;NghJ mwptpj;jhh;. ehw;gjhapuk; kyf;F
fis rhl;rpfshf itj;J ghjpkhit cdf;F kzk;
Kbj;J jUfpNwd;. (kz kf;fshd) myp ghjpkh kPJ
Kj;J gtsq;fisr; nrhhpA khW my;yh`;
(Rth;f;fj;jpYs;s) kuj;jpw;F fl;lis apl;lhd;. mJ
mth;fs; kPJ Kj;J gtsq;fisr; nrhhpe;jJ. `{Uy;
<d;fSk; mypapd; kPJ Kj;J gtsq;fis nrhhpe;j dh;
(Nkw;gb E}y;: gf;fk; 15>16)
gfl;lhd Gfohuj;ij cUthf;fp Nghyp `jP]f ; is
cz;lhf;fpa \PMtpd; ,g;Nghf;ifg; gw;wp ,khk; ,g;D
mgP mjPj; (u`;) mtu;fs; $Wk;NghJ> ~~mwpe;J
nfhs;Sq;fs;! epr;rakhf ngha;apd; mbg;gil> rpwg;Gf;
fis gw;wp Fwpg;gpLk; `jP];fshfj; jhd; \PMf;fspl

12
kpUe;J te;jJ’’ vd;W $Wfpwhh; fs;. (E}y;: e`;[{y;
gyh`h ghfk; 02. gf;fk; 134)
myp(uyp) mtu;fs; mspj;j jPu;g;Gf;fs; mlq;fpa (eP;z;l
RUs;) VL xd;W ,g;D mg;gh]; (uyp) mtu;fsplk;
nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ. mjpy; xU (Kok;) mstpw;F kl;Lk;
itj;Jf; nfhz;L kw;wij mopj;J tpl;lhu;fs;.
,r;nra;jpia mwptpf;Fk; ,khk; ,g;D ciadh (u`;)
mtu;fs; jkJ Koq;ifia fhz;gpj;J ,e;jsT ,g;D
mg;gh];(uyp) mopj;jhu;fs; vd;whu;fs;. (Ehy;: Kfj;jpkJ
K];ypk;)
mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; cigjpy;yh`; gpd; mgP Kiyf;fh
(u`;) $wpajhtJ: ehd; ,g;D mg;gh];(uyp) mtu;fsplk;
xU kly; tiuAkhWk; (mjpy; Fog;gthjpfshd \PMf;f
spd; fUj;Jf;fs;) vJTk; ,lk;ngwhky; ghu;j;Jf;
nfhs;S khWk; Ntz;b fbjk; vOjpNdd;.(fbjk; fz;l)
,g;D mg;gh];(uyp) mtu;fs; ~~mtu; ey;y gps;is.
mtUf;fhf ehd; rpy tp\aq;fis ed;F Nju;e;NjLj;J
nrhy;yf; $lhj tw;iwj; jtpu;j;J tplg; NghfpNwd;.’’
vd;W $wptpl;L myp (uyp) mtu;fs; mspj;j
jPu;g;Gf;fisf; nfhz;L tUk;gb $wpdhu;fs;. mtw;wpy;
rpytw;iw vOjj; njhlq;fpdhu;fs;. xU (Fwpg;gpl;l)
tp\ak; te;jNghJ ~~,g;gbnay;yhk; myp (uyp)mtu;fs;
jPu;g;gspj;jpUf;f KbahJ top jtwpatu;jhd; ,g;gbj;
jPu;g;gspj;jpUg;ghd;’’ vd;W $wpdhu;fs;. (Ehy;: Kfj;jpkJ
K];ypk;)
myp(uyp) mtu;fs; mspf;fhj jPug;Gf;fs; > nrhy;yhj
nra;jpfs;> mtu;fsJ ngauhy; \PMf;fs; Gide;J
itj;jijNa ,g;D mg;gh];(uyp) mtu;fs; mopj;jNjhL
\PMtpd; JNuhfj;ijAk; milahsk; fhz;gpj;jhu;fs

13