Learning Module

Subject: EE421-AC Machines

TOPIC: Parallel Operation of Alternators
Learning Outcome:
- To understand how to connect alternators in parallel.
- To learn how to compute for the terminal voltage, and currents delivered by each alternator
when the alternators are in parallel.

PARALLEL OPERATION OF ALTERNATORS

Conditions on alternator’s parallel oeration

Parameter Must be

1. Voltage (effective) Equal

2. Voltages In phase
3. Frequency The same
4. Phase Sequence The same

Synchronizing
The operation of connecting an alternator in parallel with another alternator or with common
bus-bars.

Equivalent Circuit Diagram of Alternator in Parallel

Formula:

E1 E2
Z1 + Z2
Vt =
1 1 1
ZL + Z1 + Z2
Example:

Two single phase alternator operating in parallel have induced emf of an open circuit of
230cis0oV and 230cis10oV, with armature impedance of j2 and j3, respectively. The load has an
equivalent impedance of 6Ω, resistive. Calculate:
a. Terminal Voltage
b. Currents delivered by each alternator.

Solution:

a.
E1 E2
Z1 + Z2
Vt =
1 1 1
+ +
ZL Z1 Z2

230 < 0o 230 < 10o

j2 + j3
Vt =
1 1 1
+ +
6 j2 j3

Vt = 224.712 < −7.312o V

b.
E1 = Vt + (I1 )(Z1 )
E1 − Vt
I1 =
Z1
230 < 0o − 224.712 < −7.312o
I1 =
j2
I1 = 14.737 < −13.975o A

E2 − Vt
I2 =
Z2
230 < 10o − 224.712 < −7.312o
I2 =
j3
I2 = 22.878 < −3.026o A