1.

PRODUCT RULE:
To multiply when two bases are the same, write
the base and ADD the exponents.

Example:

𝒙𝟑 ∙ 𝒙𝟖 = 𝒙𝟏𝟏

2. QUOTIENT RULE:
To divide when two bases are the same, write the
base and SUBTRACT the exponents.
𝒙𝒎 𝒎−𝒏
=𝒙
𝒙𝒏
Example:
𝒙𝟓
= 𝒙𝟑
𝒙𝟐

3. ZERO EXPONENT RULE:

Any base (except 0) raised to the zero powder is
equal to one.

Example:

𝒚𝟎 = 𝟏

Example:

𝒙𝟐 𝟒 (𝒙𝟐 )𝟒 𝒙𝟖
( ) = = 𝒚𝟒
𝒚 𝒚𝟒
4. POWER RULE:
To raise a power to another power, write the base
and MULTIPLY the exponents.

(𝒙𝒎 )𝒏 = 𝒙𝒎∙𝒏
Example:

(𝒙𝟑 )𝟐 = 𝒙𝟔

5. EXPANDED POWER RULE:

When raising a power to a power, you MULTIPLY
the exponents.

(𝒙𝒚)𝒎 = 𝒙𝒎 𝒚𝒏
Example:

(𝟐𝒂)𝟑 = 𝟐𝟑 𝒂𝟑 = 𝟖𝒂𝟑

6. NEGATIVE EXPONENTS:
If a factor in the numerator or denominator is
moved across the fraction bar, the sign of the exponent
is changed.
𝟏
𝒙−𝒎 = 𝒎
𝒙

Example:
𝟏
𝒙−𝟑 = 𝒙𝟑
𝟏
= 𝒙𝒎
𝒙−𝒎
Example:
𝒂−𝟐 𝒃𝟑
𝒄−𝟒 𝒅−𝟏