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Arrester PDF
Arrester PDF
Surge Arrester
Light Weight
High Durability
____________________________________________________________________________________ 1
Elpro International ltd.
Chinchwad, Pune – 411033, India
www.elpro.co.in
Elpro International ltd.
Table 1a & 1b lists arrester ratings that would normally stresses to which the arrester will be exposed:
be applied on systems of various line-to-line voltages. n Continuous system voltage
The rating of the arrester is defined as the rms voltage at n Temporary overvoltages
which the arrester passes the duty-cycle test as defined n Lightning surges
by the referenced standard. To decide which rating is The arrester selected must have sufficient capability to
most appropriate for a particular application, meet the anticipated service requirements in all categories.
consideration must be given to the following system
Table 1a
Temporary Overvoltage
Discharge Voltage Characteristics (KVP)
Characteristics (kVrms)
Rated Ref.
MCOV Steep
Voltage Voltage Lightning Impulse 8/20 µsec Switching Impulse
(kVrms) Current
(kVrms) (kVrms) wave 30/60 µsec 0.1 sec 1.0 sec 10.0 sec
½ µsec
2.5 kA 5 kA 10 kA 125 A 500 A at NDC
3 2.55 3 11.5 12.0 13.5 9.5 10.0 13.0 3.70 3.50 3.40
6 5.10 6 22.5 24.0 26.5 19.0 20.0 26.0 7.40 7.10 6.80
9 7.65 9 28.0 30.0 33.5 23.5 25.0 32.5 11.0 10.6 10.1
12 10.2 12 36.5 39.0 43.0 30.5 32.0 42.0 14.7 14.1 13.5
15 12.7 15 43.5 46.5 51.5 36.5 38.5 50.0 18.4 17.7 16.9
18 15.3 18 53.5 57.0 63.0 44.5 47.0 61.5 22.1 21.2 20.3
21 17.0 21 63.0 67.0 74.0 52.5 55.0 72.0 25.8 24.7 23.7
24 19.5 24 70.5 75.0 83.0 58.5 61.5 81.0 29.4 28.2 27.0
27 22.0 27 79.0 84.0 93.0 65.5 69.0 90.5 33.2 31.8 30.4
30 24.4 30 84.5 90.0 99.5 70.5 74.0 97.0 36.8 35.3 33.8
36 29.0 36 101.0 108.0 119.0 84.0 89.0 116.0 43.5 41.8 40.0
42 34.0 42 116.0 124.0 137.0 97.0 102.0 133.5 51.5 49.4 47.3
____________________________________________________________________________________ 2
Elpro International ltd.
Chinchwad, Pune – 411033, India
www.elpro.co.in
Elpro International ltd.
CHARACTERISTICS CURVES
Table 1b
Temporary Overvoltage
Discharge Voltage Characteristics (KVP)
Characteristics (kVrms)
Rated Ref.
MCOV Steep
Voltage Voltage Lightning Impulse 8/20 µsec Switching Impulse
(kVrms) Current
(kVrms) (kVrms) wave 30/60 µsec 0.1 sec 1.0 sec 10.0 sec
½ µsec
2.5 kA 5 kA 10 kA 125 A 500 A at NDC
3 2.55 3 10.5 11.0 14.5 8.00 8.50 12.5 3.70 3.50 3.40
6 5.10 6 21.5 22.0 28.5 16.0 12.5 24.5 7.40 7.10 6.80
9 7.65 9 30.0 31.5 41.0 22.5 24.0 35.0 11.0 10.6 10.1
12 10.2 12 40.0 42.0 54.0 30.0 32.0 47.0 14.7 14.1 13.5
15 12.7 15 50.0 52.5 68.0 38.0 40.0 58.0 18.4 17.7 16.9
18 15.3 18 59.5 63.0 82.0 45.0 48.0 70.5 22.1 21.2 20.3
21 17.0 21 62.5 66.0 85.0 47.0 50.0 73.0 25.8 24.7 23.7
24 19.5 24 73.0 77.0 100.0 55.0 59.0 85.0 29.4 28.2 27.0
27 22.0 27 79.0 83.0 107.0 59.0 63.0 92.0 33.2 31.8 30.4
30 24.4 30 90.0 95.0 123.0 70.0 72.0 105.0 36.8 35.3 33.8
36 29.0 36 110.0 116.0 150.0 82.0 88.0 128.0 43.5 41.8 40.0
42 34.0 42 113.0 120.0 155.0 85.0 91.0 132.0 51.5 49.4 47.3
CHARACTERISTICS CURVES
CONTINUOUS SYSTEM VOLTAGE . If an arrester is to be connected line- If detailed transient system studies or
to-line, phase-to-phase voltage must be calculations are not available, it is
Arresters in service are continuously considered. In addition, attention should traditional to consider as a minimum,
exposed to system operating voltage. be given to an arrester application on the overvoltages due to single line-to-
For each arrester rating, there is a the delta tertiary winding of a ground faults. The arrester application
recommended limit to the magnitude of transformer where one corner of the standard ANSI C62.22 gives some
voltage, which may be continuously delta is permanently grounded. In such guidance in determining the magnitude
applied. This has been termed the circuits, the normal voltage of single line-to-ground fault over-
Maximum Continuous Operating continuously applied to the arrester will voltages. These overvoltages depend
Voltage (MCOV) of the arrester. The be the full phase-to-phase voltage even on details of system grounding.
MCOV of each ELPRO arrester is though the arresters are connected
contained in Table 1a & 1b. These line-to-ground. The primary effect of temporary
values meet or exceed those values overvoltages on metal oxide arresters is
contained in the referenced standard. increased current and power
T EMPORARY OVERVOLTAGES dissipation, and a rising arrester
The arrester rating must be selected
such that the maximum continuous temperature. Table 1a & 1b shows the
Temporary overvoltages (TOV) can be temporary overvoltage capability of all
power system voltage applied to the
caused by a number of system events ELPRO arrester designs. This table
arrester is less than, or equal to, the
such as line-to-ground faults, circuit defines the duration and magnitude of
arrester's continuous voltage capability.
backfeeding, load rejection and temporary overvoltages that may be
Attention must be given to both the
ferroresonance. The system applied to the arrester before the
circuit connection (single phase, wye or
configuration and operating practices arrester voltage must be reduced to the
delta) and the arrester connection (line-
should be reviewed to identify the most arresters continuous operating voltage
to-ground, line-to-line). In most cases,
probable forms of temporary capability. These capabilities have been
the arrester is connected line-to-ground
overvoltages, which may occur at the defined independent of system
and therefore must withstand line-to-
arrester location. The arrester impedance and are therefore valid for
ground system operating voltage
temporary overvoltage capability must voltages applied at the arrester
meet or exceed the expected temporary location.
overvoltages.
____________________________________________________________________________________ 4
Elpro International ltd.
Chinchwad, Pune – 411033, India
www.elpro.co.in
Elpro International ltd.
____________________________________________________________________________________ 5
Elpro International ltd.
Chinchwad, Pune – 411033, India
www.elpro.co.in
Elpro International ltd.
Shipping Details & Dimensions
Table 2a
3,6,9,12 310 407 3.9 3.9 2.9 1118 1092 572 251 42
15,18,21,24 460 588 6.95 6.95 5.95 1118 1092 787 402 42
27,30,36,42 585 703 9.55 9.55 8.55 1016 1092 432 479 42
Table 2b
3,6,9,12 310 407 5.12 5.12 4.12 1143 1156 572 308 42
15,18,21,24 460 588 7.5 7.5 6.5 1143 1156 787 429 42
27,30,36,42 585 703 9.7 9.7 8.7 1143 1156 432 485 42
____________________________________________________________________________________ 6
Elpro International ltd.
Chinchwad, Pune – 411033, India
www.elpro.co.in
Elpro International ltd.
____________________________________________________________________________________ 7
Elpro International ltd.
Chinchwad, Pune – 411033, India
www.elpro.co.in
Elpro International ltd.
____________________________________________________________________________________ 8
Elpro International ltd.
Chinchwad, Pune – 411033, India
www.elpro.co.in
Elpro International ltd.
Insulation Coordination
Once an arrester has been selected, the The arrester protective characteristic is PROTECTIVE RATIOS
protection it provides to the equipment a continuous function defined over a The three-point method is usually applied for
insulation can be determined. This range of discharge currents and their insulation coordination. In this method the
protection is dependent on the protective resultant discharge voltages. The insul- protective ratios are calculated at three
characteristics of the arrester, the lightning separate points within the volt-time domain;
ation withstand of equipment on the
and switching surges expected on the namely switching surge, full wave, and
other hand, is generally defined only at chopped wave regions. If the following
system, and the insulation characteristics
three voltage points through the use of protective ratios are met or exceeded,
of the protected equipment. It is quantified
in terms of the protective ratio which is the the standard switching surge, the full satisfactory insulation coordination will be
wave, and the chopped wave tests. To achieved according to the minimum
ratio of the equipment insulation withstand
facilitate comparison with these three with- recommendations given in ANSI
to the arrester protective level. The
stands, three corresponding protective C62.22.These calculated protective ratios
objective is to meet or exceed the minimum
levels of the ELPRO arrester have been assume negligible arrester lead length and
protective ratios for the various classes of
selected as indicated in Table 6. separation distance between the arrester
voltage surges as recommended in the
application standards. An alternate meas- and the transformer.
Three protective levels are selected for co-
ure is the percent protective margin, which
ordination with the transformer insulation Switching Surge Withstand
is the protective ratio minus one, times 100 >= 1.15
characteristics. They are described as Switching Surge Protective Level
%. For example, a protective ratio of 1.53
follows:
corresponds to a 53 % protective margin.
Full Wave Withstand (BIL)
> =1.20
• Switching Surge Protective Level Impulse Protective Level
ARRESTER PROTECTIVE This is the crest discharge voltage that
results when a 30/90 ms current impulse is Chopped Wave Withstand
CHARACTERISTICS applied to the arrester. To define the Front-of-Wave Protective Level
>= 1.25
The protective characteristic of ELPRO
arrester's switching surge protective level, a
arresters is solely defined by the discharge "switching surge coordination current" is In many cases, the calculated protective
voltage and is generally proportional to defined for the various system voltages. ratios exceed the minimum protective
arrester MCOV. For any one arrester, the These currents are: 500 amperes for maxi- ratios recommended by ANSI by a
discharge voltage is a function of the mum system line-to-line voltages to 150 kV, considerable amount in actual power
magnitude of the arrester current and, in
1000 amperes for systems 151 to 325 kV,
the impulse region, of the time to crest of system applications.
and 2000 amperes for systems above 325
the arrester current. In general, for any kV.
specific applied impulse current through the If the separation distance between the
arrester, the time-to-crest for the voltage transformer and arrester is not negli-
• Impulse Protective Level
wave will be less than the time-to-crest for gible, the transformer voltage can oscill-
This is the crest discharge voltage that
the current wave. Figure 1 shows the test
results when an 8/20 ms current impulse is ate above the arrester voltage during
results of a 10 kA 8/20 ms current impulse
test. applied to the arrester. The resultant crest lightning transients, thus reducing the
voltages for a variety of crest currents are protective ratio. When making such
given in the applicable Arrester Charac- transformer voltage estimates for
teristics Table. To allow coordination with shielded stations, it is suggested that
transformer insulation, a specific current the front-of-wave protective level of the
impulse magnitude must be selected based
on the system voltage. arrester be used as an approximation
for the arrester voltage. In decisive
• Front-of-Wave Protective Level situations, it is suggested that digital
Fig. 1 This is the discharge voltage for current computer studies be performed in which
impulses having a faster time to crest than the arrester and substation details can
ELPRO protective characteristics have the 8/20 ms current impulse. This resultant be modeled.
been defined for fast impulse currents with crest voltage is listed as the front-of-wave
times-to-crest shorter than 8 ms. Available (FOW) protective level. This protective level
data on lightning strokes and simulation is derived by applying a series of current
studies on impulse transients within wave impulses to an arrester with varying
substations both indicate that arresters in times to crest (1, 2, 8 ms) and extending the
service may be subjected to fast current measured voltages to 0.5 ms in accordance
impulse waves. with ANSI/IEEE C62.11.
To illustrate arrester protection for slower
transients, the discharge voltages have
been defined for standard switching surge
currents.
____________________________________________________________________________________ 9
Elpro International ltd.
Chinchwad, Pune – 411033, India
www.elpro.co.in
Elpro International ltd.
Electrical equipment manufacturers around the world recognize ELPRO metal oxide discs
for their leading edge technology. Our discs have been incorporated in a broad array of
products; surge arresters, under-oil protection in transformer tanks, cable termination
products, switchgear and distribution panels and power quality devices. ELPRO discs
have more combined field experience in various arrester as well as non-arrester
applications than any other disc available on the market today. Our discs are designed in
accordance with ANSI/IEEE C62.11 and IEC 99-4 Standards and are available in a
voltage range from 3 to 6kV in different diametric sizes.
____________________________________________________________________________________ 10
Elpro International ltd.
Chinchwad, Pune – 411033, India
www.elpro.co.in
CHINCHWAD FACTORY AND HEAD OFFICE
REGIONAL OFFICES
BANGALORE MUMBAI KOLKATA NEW DELHI
ELPRO INTERNATIONAL LTD. ELPRO INTERNATIONAL LTD. ELPRO INTERNATIONAL LTD. ELPRO INTERNATIONAL LTD.
24/1, 1st Floor, New Mission 302,3rd Floor, Crystal Plaza, 7, Red Cross Place, P.O.Box 2816, 7th Floor, Archana Complex,
Compound, New Link Road, Andheri East Wellesley House, Kolkata-700001 Greater Kailash –I
Bangalore-560025 Mumbai-400099 Tel No. 91-33-210 3618/ 248 5401 New Delhi-110048
Tel No. 91-80-227 324/8602 Tel No. 91-22-832 4456/15 Fax No.91-33-210 3617 Tel No. 91-11-621 9397
Fax No.91-80-227 8582 Fax No.91-22-823 1099 Fax No.91-11-648 0309
Contact Person: R. Guruprasad Contact Person: J. R. Jagtiani Contact Person: M. Banerjee Contact Person: N. Bhatia
e-mail: elproint@vsnl.net e-mail: jrjagtiani@Elpro.co.in e-mail: elprocal@vsnl.net e-mail: naveen@elpro.co.in
____________________________________________________________________________________ 11
Elpro International ltd.
Chinchwad, Pune – 411033, India
www.elpro.co.in