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CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURES
A. Structural Elements
A.1 Tie Rods
THEORY OF
STRUCTURES Rod Bar

Angle Channel

CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURES CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURES

A. Structural Elements A. Structural Elements
A.2 Beams A.3 Columns

simply supported beam cantileverbeam

fixed-supported beam continuous beam

CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURES CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURES

B. Types of Structures B. Types of Structures
B.1 Trusses B.2 Cables and Arches

compression

tension

cables support their loads in tension

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CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURES CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURES

B. Types of Structures B. Types of Structures
B.2 Cables and Arches B.3 Frames

arches support their loads in compression

CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURES LOADS

B. Types of Structures A. Dead Loads
B.4 Surface Structures

LOADS LOADS
A. Dead Loads SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 1
A floor beam is used to support the 1.83m width of a
lightweight plain concrete slab having a thickness of
102mm. The slab serves as a portion of the ceiling for
the floor below, and therefore its bottom is coated with
plaster. Furthermore, a 2.44-m high, 305-mm thick
lightweight solid concrete block wall is directly over the
top flange of the beam. Determine the loading on the
beam measured per meter length of the beam.

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LOADS ALGEBRAIC ANALYSIS OF

COPLANAR FORCES
B. Live Loads
CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEMS
Σ FH = 0
C. Wind Loads Σ FV = 0

NON-CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEMS

D. Seismic/Earthquake Loads Σ FH = 0 ΣM = 0
Σ FV = 0
E. Hydrostatic and Soil Pressure Loads
PARALLEL FORCE SYSTEMS
Σ FH = 0 ΣM = 0
Σ FV = 0

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 1 SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 2

Determine the magnitudes of P and F necessary to keep If the tension developed in each of the four wires is not
the concurrent force system in equilibrium. allowed to exceed 600N, determine the maximum mass
of the chandelier that can be supported.
200 N

P
60°
300 N

45° 60°

F
400 N

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 3 SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 3

The jib crane is supported by a pin at C and rod AB. The
rod can withstand a maximum tension of 40 kN. If the
load has a mass of 2000 kg, with its center of mass
located at G, determine its maximum allowable distance
x and the reactions at C.

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SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 4 SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 5

Determine the horizontal and vertical components of The compound beam is supported by a rocker at B and is
reaction at the pin A and the force in the cable BC. fixed to the wall at A. If it is hinged (pinned) together at
Neglect the thickness of the members. C, determine the components of reaction at the
supports. Neglect the thickness of the beam.

THREE-HINGED ARCHES THREE-HINGED ARCHES

arches support their loads in compression

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 1 SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 2

Determine the horizontal and vertical components of The three-hinged tied arch is subjected to the loading as
reaction at A, B and C of the three-hinged arch. Assume shown. Determine the force in members CH and CB.
A, B and C are pin connected. The dashed member GF of the truss is intended to carry
no force.

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SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 2 SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 3

The tied three-hinged arch is subjected to the loading as
shown. Determine the components of reaction at A and
C and the tension in cable.

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 3 SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 4

The laminated wood three-hinged arch is subjected to
the loading as shown. Determine the horizontal and
vertical components of the reactions at the pins A, B and
C and draw the moment diagram for member AB.

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 4 SHEAR AND MOMENT IN BEAMS

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SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 1 SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 2

Determine the shear and moment at points C and D. Determine the shear and moment acting at point C and
point D, which is located just to the right of the roller
support at B.

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 3 SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 4

Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the wood Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the
beam and determine the shear and moment throughout compound beam shown. Assume the supports at A and
the beam as a function of x. C are rollers and B and E are pin connections.