LESSON 2 Science 8

Department of Education
National Capital Region

Division of Taguig City and Pateros
Monlimar Development Academy, Inc.
317 Manuel L. Quezon St. Lower Bicutan, Taguig City
SCIENCE LINKS 8
Grade Level : Grade 8
Quarter : 1ST Quarter
School Year : 2022– 2023
Teacher : Mr. Joshua Bong A. Bual
OFFICE OF THE ACADEMICS : Curriculum I Instruction I Assessment SCHOOL YEAR: 2022 - 2023
Subject Abstract
Three powerful words that govern everything are force, motion, and energy. Our universe
exists because of the interplay of energy and forces of many types. Different movements result
from these interactions. Motion makes creation to continue thriving and developing.
This quarter comprises five units which provide comprehensive tackling of ideas and
concepts. It covers the three laws that govern motion that extends to the relationships of work,
power, and energy. The topics on Light and Sound and Heat and Electricity will follow. These
topics are thoroughly discussed in simple, practical, and easy-to-understand discussion.
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

Content and Performance Standard
The learner demonstrates understanding of Newton’s three laws of motion. Investigate the
relationship between the amount of force applied and the mass of the object to the amount of change
in the object’s motion (PART 1)
The students should be able to develop a written plan and implement a “Newton’s Olympics”.

MELC Lesson Topics Duration Week Number
1. Newton’s Law of Motion and

Applications • State the three Newton’s Law of Motion.
Five (5) Days Week One
• Explain how mass is related to inertia
• Newton’s First Law of Motion
• Infer that when a body exerts a force on

another, an equal amount of force is
exerted back on it.
2.1. Newton’s Second Law of Motion • Relate the laws of motion to bodies in
2.2. Newton’s Third Law of Motion uniform motion. Five (5) Days Week Two
• Explain the interaction of the action and
reaction forces.

• Describe how work is related to power
3. Work, Power, and Energy and energy.
• Mechanical Work • Identify and explain the factors that affect Five (5) Days Week Three
• Energy potential and kinetic energy.
• Calculate work and power.
• Explain the hierarchy of colors in relation
to energy of visible light.
• Calculate the frequency of the source and the
observer. Investigate properties of saturated Five (5) Days Week Four
4. Solution, Suspension, and Colloids
and unsaturated solutions.
• Investigates the effect of temperature to
speed of sound through fair testing.

• Determine the different temperature
scale.
5. Heat and Temperature • Determine the different temperature
• Temperature scale.
Five (5) Days Week Three
• Measuring Thermal Energy • Differentiate between heat and
temperature at the molecular level.
• Calculate for the heat absorbed/released
during heat transfer.
• Infer the relationship between current
and voltage.
6. Electricity
• Describe the relationship between the Five (5) Days Week Four
• Electrical Quantities
three electrical quantities in terms of
• Ohm’s Law
Ohm’s law.

Daily Routine
Opening Prayer – Monlimar Prayer
Greetings
Checking of Attendance
Reminders
Review of Past Lessons

Opening Prayer
Dear Lord, we are gathered in your presence this day to glorify and honor
your name. Please forgive us for our trespasses and wrongdoings. Help us to
be more understanding and concerned with others because this is your will.
Thank you, Lord, for all the blessings that we received.
Please give us an open mind and heart so we can understand thoroughly all
the things that we have discussed in the class.
All these, we pray in your name. Amen

Checking of Attendance

Drill and Review of Previous
Lesson
Review of Past Lessons
First Law of Motion

Formula of weight
Gravitational pull

Motivation:
Suppose you slide a book across the floor.

According to the first law of motion, the
book will continue to move endlessly.
However, this is not the case. Eventually,
the book will slow down and come to a
stop. Since its motion changes, a force
must be acting on it to stop it from sliding.
Essential Questions:
a. Why does the books cannot slide
faster?
b. What does the opposing forces act on
it?
Department of Education
National Capital Region
Division of Taguig City and Pateros
Monlimar Development Academy, Inc.
317 Manuel L. Quezon St. Lower Bicutan, Taguig City
Week 2: Lesson 2
Newton’s Second & Third
Law of Motion
Grade Level : Grade 8
Quarter : 1ST Quarter
School Year : 2022– 2023
Teacher : Mr. Joshua Bong A. Bual

Lesson Objectives
• State Newton’s Second Law of Motion and explain
how force and mass are related to acceleration.
• Investigate the relationship Between the amount of

force applied and the mass of the object to the
amount of change in the object’s motion.

Let’s Recall: Balance of Forces
• If two forces acting on an object are equal in magnitude

but opposite in direction, they are considered as balanced
forces. These forces must lie along the same line.
• If the forces acting on an object are balanced, the object

either stays at rest or continues to move at constant
velocity.
• If the forces acting on an object are balanced, the object

either stays at rest or continues to move at constant
velocity.

Problem No. 1
A boy and a girl pull a heavy crate at the same time with 10
units of force each as shown in the diagram. What is the net
force acting on the object?
Answer:
Fnet = 20 units

Problem No. 2
What if the boy and the girl pull the heavy crate at the same time in opposite
directions with 10 units and 5 units of force respectively, what will be the net
force acting on the object? Will the object move? To what direction will it move?
Answer:
Fnet = 5 units

Problem No. 2
Suppose another girl pulls the heavy crate with 5 units of force in the same
direction as the girl, what will be the net force acting on the object? Will the object move?
Answer:
Fnet = 0 units

Introduction:
• Imagine the thrill of riding on a roller coaster like the
one in Figure 1.0.
• The coaster crawls to the top of the track and then

flies down the other side. It also zooms around twists
and turns at breakneck speeds. These changes in
speed and direction are what makes a roller coaster
ride so exciting.
Figure 1.0: Did you ever ride on a roller coaster like • Changes in speed or direction are called
this one? It’s called the "Blue Streak" for
a reason. As it speeds around the track, it acceleration
looks like a streak of blue.

How do Force and Mass
influence Acceleration?
The acceleration of an object depends directly upon the net force

acting upon the object, and inversely upon the mass of the object.
As the force acting upon an object is increased, the acceleration of the

object is increased. As the mass of an object is increased, the
acceleration of the object is decreased.

The Second Law of Motion
Law of Acceleration:
The Influence of Force and Mass
The second law of motion is the law of acceleration which states that “the
acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it
and is inversely proportional to the object’s mass.
The direction of the acceleration is in the direction of the net force acting on
the object.”

Defining Acceleration:
• Acceleration is a measure of the change in velocity of a

moving object. It shows how quickly velocity changes.
• Acceleration may reflect a change in speed, a change in

direction, or both.
• Because acceleration includes both a size (speed) and

direction, it is a vector.

Three Types of Acceleration
Increasing speed Decreasing Speed Changing direction

Ex. Car Speeds Up at green Ex. Car slows down at stop Ex. Car takes a turn.
light. light.

How is velocity changing in each
of these pictures?

Calculating Acceleration
To calculate acceleration without a change in direction, you just
divide the change in velocity (represented by ∆v) by the change in
time (represented by ∆t).
The formula for acceleration in this case is:
𝒗𝒗 − 𝒗𝒗𝟎𝟎 𝚫𝚫𝒗𝒗
�=
𝒂𝒂 =
𝒕𝒕 𝚫𝚫𝒕𝒕

Acceleration: Change in Velocity
Expanding the equation of the second law, taking into account that acceleration is the
change in velocity, the equation for the second law can be written as:
𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗 −𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗
∑ 𝑭𝑭 = Fnet = m = m( )
𝒕𝒕
Fnet =m( )
𝒕𝒕
a =( )
𝒕𝒕

Problem Example:
The cyclist in speeds up as he goes downhill on this
straight trail. His velocity changes from 1 meter per
second at the top of the hill to 6 meters per second
at the bottom. If it takes 5 seconds for him to reach
the bottom, what is his acceleration, on average, as
he flies down the hill?
Answer:
a = 1 m/𝒔𝒔𝟐𝟐

Self-Check:
Tranh slowed his skateboard as he approached the
street. He went from 8 m/s to 2 m/s in a period of 3
seconds. What was his acceleration?

Table 1 shows the different units of mass, acceleration and force involved in
the second law of motion.
System Mass Acceleration Force

MKS Kg 𝒎𝒎⁄𝒔𝒔𝟐𝟐 N= kg. m/𝒔𝒔𝟐𝟐
CGS g 𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄⁄𝒔𝒔𝟐𝟐 Dyne = g.cm/𝒔𝒔𝟐𝟐
FPS slug 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇⁄𝒔𝒔𝟐𝟐 Pounds (lbs.) = slug. ft/𝒔𝒔𝟐𝟐

Presidential Decree No. 187
The Standard Unit of Measurement In the Philippines
In the Philippines, Presidential Decree No. 187 dated May 10, 1973,
prescribes the use of the metric system of weights and measures as the
standard measurement for all products may it be commodities, materials,
utilities, or services as well as in all business and legal transactions. In this
module, Meter-Kilogram-Second (MKS) units are mostly used. However, for
some problems, you may convert the unit from one system to another.

In order to determine the amount of unbalanced force in an accelerating
object, mass and acceleration have to be multiplied. Standard units apply. The
following table summarizes the units being followed in the computation.
Net Force Mass Acceleration
kilogram meter/second² (kg m/s²)

Kilogram (kg) meter/second² (m/s²)
or Newton (N)
Newton, or simply written as uppercase N, is the standard unit of force.

Newton unit comes from the combined units of mass and acceleration, which
are kg and m/s²

Law of Acceleration:
Newton’s second law of motion is expressed through the equation:
� 𝑭𝑭 = 𝒎𝒎𝒂𝒂
∑ (sigma) stands for the algebraic sum.

∑ 𝐹𝐹⃗ stands for the net force acting on the object, m for mass of the object and;
𝑎𝑎⃗ for its acceleration.
The arrow above the letters F and a indicates that both have
magnitude and direction.

Let’s Try!
Problem Example:
A soccer player kicks a 0.45 kg soccer ball, and

the ball accelerates at a rate of 200 m/s2.
How much force did the soccer player use to kick

the ball?
𝐅𝐅𝐅𝐅𝐅𝐅𝐅𝐅𝐅𝐅(𝐅𝐅) = 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 𝐍𝐍

Let’s Try!
Problem Example:
A spring scale is used to apply 4 N of force to a

toy car with a mass of 0.3 kg. What is the
acceleration of the toy car to the nearest tenth
m/s2?
Acceleration 𝐚𝐚 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟑𝟑 𝐦𝐦/𝒔𝒔𝟐𝟐

Calculating Acceleration that
involves unit conversions

Let’s Solve!
Problem No. 1
A 1000.0 kg truck is traveling at an acceleration of 4.5000 m/s2,

East. Find the net force needed to accelerate the truck.
�𝑭𝑭 = 4500.0 𝑘𝑘𝑔𝑔 ∙ m/s or 4500.0 𝑁𝑁, East.

Let’s Solve!
Sample Problem No. 2
A boy rolls a 200 g baseball horizontally on the floor with a net force of 2 N
to the right. What is the acceleration of the baseball?
𝒂𝒂𝒂 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒎𝒎/𝒔𝒔𝟐𝟐

Let’s Solve!
Sample Problem No. 3
A box is pushed with an applied force of 20 N parallel to the floor. It

accelerated at 1.50 m/s2 to the right. A parallel applied force of 10 N on
the opposite side slowed down the motion of the box. Neglecting friction,
what is the mass of the box?
m = 𝟔𝟔. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌

Friction
Friction refers to resistance to motion between two
materials in contact. It is present whenever two
materials in contact are moving or have a tendency
to move. Aside from the unevenness or roughness
of the surfaces in contact, researches have shown
that friction arises because of the molecular
attraction or local adhesion between materials, local
deformation in the contact region, and fluid
viscosity.
https://www.freepik.com/vectors/friction-force
It is also due to the electrical forces between
surfaces where two objects are in contact.

Rolling Friction
3. Rolling friction occurs when one
surface rotates as it moves over
another surface without sliding nor
slipping at the point or area of
contact.

Law of Interaction: Action and Reaction Pair of Forces
When force causes motion, it is often thought that force

exists as a thing. By looking into further details, force is
not considered merely as something but an effect of
interaction. Consider the contact between the feet and
the ground, as shown in Figure 1.12.
When the feet touch the ground, it exerts a force on the

ground because of the body’s weight. However, there
must also be a force that prevents the feet from going
straight down. The feet remain on the ground, so this
means that there should be an upward force equal to
the downward force that maintains this stability.
Figure 1: https://thechalkboardmag.com/for-edit-
simplest-health-tip-ever-grounding

Law of Interaction: Action and Reaction Pair of Forces
This means the ground also exerts a force toward the feet. In Newton’s
third law of motion, a pair of forces called the action force, and the
reaction force is present in interacting objects. When two objects
interact, there is an action force exerted by the first object to the second
object and, at the same time, the second object exerts a reaction force
that is equal in magnitude but in the opposite direction. Newton’s third
law is commonly stated as, “For every action, there is an equal and
opposite reaction.

Look at the following examples of
action-reaction pair of forces:
1. Rocket pushing on the gas; gas

pushing on the rocket
2. Tires pushing on the ground;
ground pushing on the tires
3. Gloves pushing on the face; face
pushing on the gloves
4. Bird hitting the windshield of a car;
windshield hitting the bird

Thank You, Be Happy!
End of Lesson 02

Self-Paced Learning
Law of Interaction
Friction
Access your Google Classroom Portal to

download the lesson materials for Lesson
Continuation. Topic: Newton’s Third Law of
Motion and Friction.

SCIENCE LINKS 08
Class Calendar/Schedule
September 29, 2022 – Thursday

First Quarterly Unit Assessment in Science 08
Time: 10:30 – 11:40 am

End of Lesson
Second and Third Law of Motion
Thank You! Be Happy!
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL English School Year: 2022 - 2023

LESSON 2 Science 8

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

LESSON 2 Science 8

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Department of Education

National Capital Region

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

1. Newton’s Law of Motion and

• Infer that when a body exerts a force on

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

Thank you, Lord, for all the blessings that we received.

All these, we pray in your name. Amen

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

Review of Past Lessons

First Law of Motion

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

Suppose you slide a book across the floor.

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

• Investigate the relationship Between the amount of

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

• If two forces acting on an object are equal in magnitude

• If the forces acting on an object are balanced, the object

• If the forces acting on an object are balanced, the object

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

• The coaster crawls to the top of the track and then

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

The acceleration of an object depends directly upon the net force

As the force acting upon an object is increased, the acceleration of the

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

• Acceleration is a measure of the change in velocity of a

• Acceleration may reflect a change in speed, a change in

• Because acceleration includes both a size (speed) and

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

Increasing speed Decreasing Speed Changing direction

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

The formula for acceleration in this case is:

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

System Mass Acceleration Force

CGS g 𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄⁄𝒔𝒔𝟐𝟐 Dyne = g.cm/𝒔𝒔𝟐𝟐

FPS slug 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇⁄𝒔𝒔𝟐𝟐 Pounds (lbs.) = slug. ft/𝒔𝒔𝟐𝟐

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

Net Force Mass Acceleration

kilogram meter/second² (kg m/s²)

Newton, or simply written as uppercase N, is the standard unit of force.

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

∑ (sigma) stands for the algebraic sum.

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

A soccer player kicks a 0.45 kg soccer ball, and

How much force did the soccer player use to kick

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023

A spring scale is used to apply 4 N of force to a

Acceleration 𝐚𝐚 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟑𝟑 𝐦𝐦/𝒔𝒔𝟐𝟐

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE School Year: 2022 - 2023