C C

R/2
VIN

R R
VOUT
2C

R2
R1

Figure 16–38. Active Twin-T Filter

The transfer function of the active twin-T filter is:

kǒ1 ) s 2Ǔ
A(s) + (16–21)
1 ) 2(2 * k)·s ) s 2

Comparing the variables of Equation 16–21 with Equation 16–20 provides the equations
that determine the filter parameters:
1
mid-frequency: f m +
2pRC
R2
inner gain: G+1)
R1

passband gain: A 0 + G

1
rejection quality: Q +
2 ( 2 * G)

The twin-T circuit has the advantage that the quality factor (Q) can be varied via the inner
gain (G) without modifying the mid frequency (fm). However, Q and Am cannot be adjusted
independently.

To set the mid frequency of the band-pass, specify fm and C, and then solve for R:

R+ 1
2pf mC

Because of the dependency between Q and Am, there are two options to solve for R2: ei-
ther to set the gain at mid frequency:

R 2 + ǒA 0 * 1 ǓR 1