The general transfer function changes to:

A0 R4
A(s) + with A0 + 1 )
1 ) w cRC3 * A 0s ) (w cRC) 2s 2 R3

The coefficient comparison with Equation 162 yields:

a 1 + w cRC3 * A 0
2
b 1 + w cRC
Given C and solving for R and A0 results in:
b1 a1
R+ A0 + 3 * +3* 1
2pf cC and b1 Q

Thus, A0 depends solely on the pole quality Q and vice versa; Q, and with it the filter type,
is determined by the gain setting of A0:

Q+ 1
3 * A0
The circuit in Figure 1618 allows the filter type to be changed through the various resistor
ratios R4/R3.
C

R R
VIN
VOUT
C

R4
R3

Figure 1618. Adjustable Second-Order Low-Pass Filter

Table 161 lists the coefficients of a second-order filter for each filter type and gives the
resistor ratios that adjust the Q.

Table 161. Second-Order FIlter Coefficients

SECOND-ORDER BESSEL BUTTERWORTH 3-dB TSCHEBYSCHEFF

a1 1.3617 1.4142 1.065
b1 0.618 1 1.9305
Q 0.58 0.71 1.3
R4/R3 0.268 0.568 0.234