ENGLISH PAPERS

ANTIOXIDANT

ARRANGED BY :

1.BAHRUDIN
2.DWI ANGGARWATI
3.DWI ENDAH YULIANINGSIH
4.HADIROTUL LUTFIYAH
5.SHINTO RESMI
6.YULI GLANTARIA
 CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY

A. Background
Antioxidants are substances that can slow or prevent the oxidation process. This substance is able
to significantly slow down or inhibit the oxidation of a substance which is easily oxidized even
in low concentrations. Antioxidants are also suitable defined as compounds that protect cells
from the harmful effects of reactive oxygen free radicals when it comes to disease, free radicals
can be derived from the metabolism of the body as well as other external factors.
Antioxidants are substances that neutralize free radicals because of such compounds to sacrifice
himself in order to oxidise so that cells that others can avoid free radicals and protect the cells
from the harmful effects of reactive oxygen free radicals if it concerns the diseases in which free
radicals themselves can be derived from the metabolism of the body or other external factors.
Antioxidants primary role is to prevent the formation of new free radicals by breaking the chain
reaction and turn it into a more stable product. Primary antioxidants act to prevent the formation
of new free radicals by breaking the chain reaction and turn it into a product that is more stable
and kurag negative impact, primary antioxidants can be produced by our own bodies,
unfortunately only with age, the production and quality of antioxidants produced by the body,
will reduced.

CHAPTER II
CONTENTS

A.Definition antioxidant
Antioxidants can be defined as a substance that can prevent / slow down the oxidation process.
Oxidation is a chemical reaction involving the type of binding oxygen, hydrogen release, or
release electrons. The oxidation process is a natural event that occurs in nature and can occur
everywhere, not least in our bodies.
Antioxidants can be concluded notion is: The substance needed by the body to neutralize free
radicals and prevent damage caused by free radicals on normal cells, proteins, and fats.
Antioxidants stabilize free radicals by electron possessed complete lack of free radicals, and
inhibit the formation of a chain reaction of free radicals that can cause oxidative stress

B. Antioxidant from and function

Antioxidants are divided into two major categories, namely water-soluble and fat soluble.
vitamins,
minerals,
phytochemicals.
Various types of antioxidants work together in protecting normal cells and neutralize free
radicals.
Each category is further divided into smaller groups.
Group vitamins, most notably the
Vitamin C many we get at the fruit-buahan.Vitamin E.
Vitamin E many obtained from vegetable oils.
Antioxidant Enzymes of class is
Class of enzymes Superoxide Dismutse (sods),
 Catalase antioxidant carotenoids such as lycopene group and Carotene are found in many
fruits and vegetables.
Peroxidase.
Class of antioxidant compounds called polyphenols. Source of polyphenol compounds is
of tea, coffee, fruits, olive oil, cinnamon, and so on. Epigalokatekingalat are examples of
polyphenol compounds found in green tea, theaflavins in black tea and sebaginya
Flavonoid comprising flavonols, flavones, catechins, flavanones, anthocyanidins, and
isoflavonoids. This Golomgan widely studied. An example is the famous Resveratrol found in
grapes.
So from one food to another can not be summed up where most antioxidant potential,
because it may be between both of these foods contain different types of antioxidants. So which
are the best antioxidants? I think a mix between antioxidants is the best because it gives synergy
effect so we should consume a variety of fruits and vegetables.

C. Various Antioxidants
1) Antioxidants are made by our own body in the form of enzymes include superoxide dismutase,
glutathione peroxidase, and catalase perxidasi.
2) Natural antioxidants which can be obtained from a plant or animal that is tocopherol, vitamin
C, beta-carotene, flavonoids and phenolic compounds.
3) synthetic antioxidants, which are made of chemicals that Butylated Hroxyanisole (BHA),
BHT, TBHQ, PG and NDGA were added in foods to prevent fat breakdown.

D. Benefits antioxidant
Antioxidants are very beneficial to the industry as well as our bodies, here we explain the
benefits of antioxidants for the industry and for our bodies.
Examples of the benefits of antioxidants for industry are:
Changing the oil becomes rancid and brown color change on apples after the peel is an example
of the oxidation process. Both of these can be prevented by giving antioxidants. Browning apple
after apple peel or to just happen because oxidized polyphenol compounds, polyphenol oxidized
form can later be joined together to form brown macromolecular compounds, macromolecular
compounds which later can make apple juice becomes cloudy. This is certainly not desirable in
the industry because it would reduce the aesthetic value of a product.
So what are the benefits of antioxidants for our bodies?
Our body is composed of trillions of cells. In each cell reactions are very complex metabolism.
Among the metabolic reactions involving oxygen, as we all know oxygen is highly reactive
element. The involvement of oxygen in metabolic reactions within the cell can produce what is
known as "reactive oxygen species" such as H2O2, hydroxyl free radical (· OH) and superoxide
anion (O2).
These molecules are indeed required by the body for example, to run the system
metabolism and signaling in the nervous system but if the amount is excessive as the influence of
lifestyle (smoking, stress, drug consumption, environmental pollution, the influence of certain
chemicals in the body, radiation, etc.) then can damage cells by starting a chain reaction of lipids,
oxidize DNA and proteins. Oxidation of DNA lead to mutations and cancer incidence while
protein oxidation resulting in inactive enzyme which can inhibit the metabolism process. This is
the important we consume antioxidants.
 CHAPTER III
CLOSING
A.Coclusion
From the above it can be concluded papers that antioxidant is a substance that the body
needs to neutralize free radicals and prevent damage caused by free radicals on normal cells,
proteins, and fats. Very stout foods containing antioxidants such as tea, wine, and which are best
antioxidants? So from one food to another can not be summed up where most antioxidant
potential, because it may be between both of these foods contain different types of antioxidants.

B.Suggestion
To be able to provide enough antioxidants to our body we should not only consume one
type of food, because of the type of antioxidants among the foods are different types of
antioxidants. We think a mix between antioxidants is the best because it gives synergy effect so
we should consume a variety of fruits and vegetables.