Seismic Hazard of Western Indonesia

Map prepared by U.S. Geological Survey

National Earthquake Information Center
April 2008
Map not approved for release by Director USGS

Seismic Hazard
URL http://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/hazmaps/products_data/

95° 100° 105° 110° 115°

Western Indonesia Earthquakes, 1988 - February 2008 Kota Baharu

95° 100° 105° 110° 115°
Banda Aceh
Pinang Kuala Terengganu
Ni co b a r Is .

G N
U A
H
(I n d i a )

O W
5° 5°
Ipoh BRUNEI

R LA
PA
Kuantan New Port

M
Medan

SUNDA PLATE

A
Kuala Lumpur

LA
Kota Baharu
Seremban
I A

Y
Banda Aceh YS

SI
Sumatra Fault Pinang Kuala Terengganu 1991 LA

A
A
Singapore M
BRUNEI
5° 5°
Ipoh SINGAPORE

2004
Pekanbaru
1990

M
Kuantan New Port Pontianak
Medan 0° 0°

A
Samarinda
2004

I N D O N E S I A

LA
Kuala Lumpur Padang
Balikpapan
2008 Seremban
I A Jambi

Y
Y S

SI
2002
LA
Si me u lu e Sumatra Palangkaraya

A
A
2005
Palembang
Johor Baharu
Singapore M Bandjermasin
45 SINGAPORE Bengkulu
mm/yr Ni a s Pekanbaru
2006
Borne o
2005 Pontianak 5° 5°
0° 0° Tanjungkarang-Telukbetung
2007
2007
Greater Sunda Islands

I N D O N E S I A
Jakarta
Su

Padang
m

Bandung Semarang
at

Jambi Surabaya
ra

Si b e ru t 1995 Yogyakarta
Palangkaraya Java
2007 Ba n g ka Mataram
Si p u r a
Palembang INDIAN
Bandjermasin OCEAN
2007
AUSTRALIA
Bengkulu 10° 10°
2000

PLATE 2007
2000
1994
5° 5° 95° 100° 105° 110° 115°
2000 Tanjungkarang-Telukbetung Grea t er S u n d a Is l a n d s Seismic Hazard expressed as Peak Ground Acceleration (%g) Scale 1:10,000,000
2007 M 7.5 with a 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years. 0 250 500 Kilometers
Jakarta Reference site condition is firm rock. From USGS/AID Administrative Report.
2000 2005
Les ser S u n d a Is l a n d s
Bandung Semarang

60
0
-1

-2

-3

-4

-5

-6

-7

-8

-9
Java Surabaya

-1

-2

-2

-3

-4

-6
-1
1999

>
0

10

15

20

25

30

40
9
Yogyakarta

Rupture zones offshore western Sumatra:

Ba l i 2004 2004
55
2006
2006
1797, 1833, and 2000 - 2008
Lethal Earthquakes 1988 - 2008
INDIAN mm/yr 1998
Year Mo Dy Hr Mn Lat Lon Dep Mag Deaths
2006 2004 Lo mp o c
Su m ba w a
OCEAN 1990 11 15 2 34 3.939 97.405 30 6.7 7
95° 100° 105°

1991 5 26 10 59 5.858 116.652 49 5.1 1

10°
1994
10° 1994 2 15 17 7 -4.999 104.255 23 6.8 207
SU 1994 6 2 18 17 -10.409 112.934 35 7.8 277*
EXPLANATION ND
A (J 1995 10 6 18 9 -2.007 101.45 37 6.7 84
AVA ) 1998 9 28 13 34 -8.177 112.34 152 6.5 1
Fatal Earthquakes TREN 1999 12 21 14 14 -6.823 105.498 42 6.4 5
CH
2000 6 4 16 28 -4.76 102.031 34 7.9 103
Sep 2007 M8.4 2000 6 5 23 55 -4.151 101.953 47 5.5 1
1994 2000 6 7 23 45 -4.651 101.848 32 6.7 1
Jul 2006 M7.7 65 2002 11 2 1 26 2.837 96.088 30 7.2 3
5° 5°

M
mm/yr

A
Mar 2005 M8.6 2004 1 1 20 59 -8.349 115.758 45 5.8 1

LA
2004 2 16 14 44 -0.516 100.548 13 5 5 Medan
Dec 2004 M9 2004 9 15 8 35 -8.784 115.325 97 5.3 1 2004

YS
Discussion of Rupture Zones
95° 100° 105° 110° 115°
2004 12 26 0 58 3.287 95.972 30 9 227898*

IA
Jun 2000 M7.9 RELATIVE PLATE MOTIONS Scale 1:7,500,000 2005 2 2 5 55 -7.004 107.816 57 4.8 1 Much of the thrust-fault plate boundary
0 200 400 800 1,200 Kilometers 2005 3 28 16 9 2.069 97.097 22 8.6 1303
Jun 1994 M7.8 The broad red vectors represents the motion of 2006 5 26 22 53 -7.961 110.446 12 6.4 5749
offshore of Sumatra has ruptured in a
sequence of great earthquakes since 2000. 2002,
1988- Feb 2008 M ≥ 5
the Australia Plate relative to the Sunda Plate in 2006 7 17 8 19 -9.254 107.411 34 7.7 665* 2008 SINGAPORE
the region. The motion of the Australia Plate is 2006 12 17 21 39 0.626 99.859 30 5.8 7 Although the effect of these earthquakes
Magnitude generally 50-60 mm/yr northward with respect to 2007 3 6 3 49 -0.512 100.524 19 6.4 67 is to reduce stress on much of the thrust-
the Sunda Plate in the southern region, but DISCUSSION 2007 3 6 5 49 -0.488 100.53 11 6.3 ** fault boundary, continuing readjustments 2005
5 - 5.9 diminishes to 40-50 mm/yr towards the north. 2007 9 12 11 10 -4.52 101.374 34 8.4 25 of stress and associated aftershocks are 0° 0°
The tectonics of the poster region are dominated by the subduction of the Australia 2007 9 12 23 49 -2.506 100.906 30 7.9 ** expected around the edges of the rupture
6 - 6.9 2008 2 20 8 8 2.778 95.978 35 7.4 3
plate beneath the Sunda plate. The rate of relative plate motion varies from east to zones (solid colors on map). In addition,
7 - 7.9 west across the map region, as indicated in the large map. Interplate earthquakes * most deaths are from tsunamis some sections of the thrust-fault boundary INDONESIA
occur as the result of seismic slip on the thrust boundary between the overriding ** casualties for earthquakes on same day are listed with the first offshore of central and southern Sumatra
8-9 have not ruptured in the recent sequence 1797
Sum at ra
Sunda plate and the subducting Australia plate. The Sumatran fault accommodates a
Depth for 1988- Feb 2008 events large component of trench parallel motion of the western Australia/Sunda plate
of great earthquakes and retain the
potential to produce one or more
1 - 64 km boundary that is not be accommodated by slip on the thrust-fault interface between the earthquakes of magnitude 8 or greater in
two plates. Intraplate shocks within the Australia or Sunda plate reflect stresses upcoming years or decades. This section
65 - 299 generated in those two plates by the overall subduction process. 2007
of the Australia/Sunda plate boundary
≥ 300 produced earthquakes of magnitude larger 5° 5°
The large map shows epicenters of magnitude 5 and larger earthquakes occurring in than 8.5 in 1797 and 1833 (rupture zones
Faults 1833
the region from the beginning of 1988 through February 2008. Main shocks of dashed on map), and geodetic and Jakarta
2000
Subduction magnitude 7.7 and larger and aftershocks occurring within 31 days of the main shocks geologic observations imply that much of
are represented by differently colored symbols. the elastic strain that accumulated on the Bandung
Transform plate boundary since the early 19th
Volcanoes The large map also shows earthquakes for which fatalities are listed in the Preliminary DATA SOURCES century has not yet been released in the
Determination of Epicenters publication of the U. S. Geological Survey. For some USGS, National Earthquake Information Center shocks that have occurred in the region
IASPEI, Centennial Catalog (1900 - 1999) and extensions since 2000. The exact timing of future
earthquakes, casualties were the result of building damage due to shaking. For other INDIAN
(Engdahl, E.R. and Villaseñor, A., 2002, Global Seismicity: earthquakes cannot be specified.
earthquakes, casualties were the result of inundation by tsunami generated by the 1900 - 1999, chap. 41 of Lee, W.H.K., and others,eds.,
earthquakes. Several earthquakes produced casualties from both building damage and International Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, OCEAN
Part A: New York, N.Y., Elsevier Academeic Press, 932 p.) Rupture Zones from Rich Briggs, "2007
tsunami inundation. In a few cases, fatalities resulted from fright at the occurrence of HDF (unpublished earthquake catalog) (Engdahl, 2003) Sumatra, Indonesia, Earthquakes, " EERI 10° 10°
DISCLAIMER relatively minor shaking. The magnitude 7.5 earthquake of August 8, 2007, with an Newsletter, Oct 2007, V 41, N 10.
epicenter close to Jakarta and a focal depth of 290 km, did not produce fatalities, but it Bird, P., 2003, An updated digital model of plate boundaries:
Base map data, such as place names and political Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., v. 4, no. 3, pp. 1027- 80. 95° 100° 105°
boundaries, are the best available but may not be is labeled because it was widely felt. Scale 1:10,000,000
current or may contain inaccuracies and therefore NIMA and ESRI, Digital Chart of the World 0 250 500 Kilometers
should not be regarded as having official significance. NOAA GEBCO and GLOBE Elevation Models