s] tkfO{+
@)!$ km]a'c
| /L
jif{ $ c+s %^
3/ lsGg] ljrf/ ub}{ x'g'x'G5 <
s'g /fHodf a9\of] 3/sf] efp <
cIfl/sf
df lgMz'Ns
lstfasf
nflu kmf/d
cd]l/sfdf cfˆgf] 3/ x'g'
eg]sf] …cd]l/sL ;kgfÚ k"/f
x'g' xf] elgG5 . t/ 3/ lsGbf
cfkm"n] lgs} tof/L
/ ;f]rljrf/ ug'{k5{ . o:t}
k|;+udf 3/;DaGwL cWoog–
cg';Gwfg u/]sf ;+:yfx?n]
lbPsf ;'emfj o;k6ssf]
cIfl/sfdf k|:t't 5 . d'Vo t
3/ lsGg'cl3 cfˆgf] cfly{s–
Ifdtfaf/] :ki6 x'g'k5{ .
To;nufot o:tf a'Fbf Vofn
ug{ cfjZos 5M
3/ lalqmsf] hfgsf/L
o; c+sdf s] s] < 3/ lalqmdf ePsf] s;/L
g &# xhf/ # ;o=============# yfxf kfpg] <
à lalqmsf] 3/sf] hfgsf/L
g d x'FM d'6' dlxgf============#
kqklqsfdf 5flkPsf] x'G5 .
g /fi6«klt lbj; s] xf] <==# à 5/l5d]s jf cfkm" lx+8\g]
g 8]A6 l;lnª s] xf] <====# af6f]df klg a]Rg] 3/sf] ;"rgf
g kmf/d================================# /flvPsf] x'g;S5 .
rfF8f] a]Rg] eP, glsg] /fd|f]
g gful/s k|Zg–pQ/========$ …Ps df3n] hf8f] hfFb}gÚ
g rNtLsf c+u|]hL zAb======$ eg]em}+ Pp6} 3/df hLjg laT5
n n
cd]l/sfdf sn]h l8u|L
geP/ klg /fd|f] cfDbfgL
x'g] k]zf–Joj;fo s:tf
5g\ < o;af/] k[i7 ! af6
n]lvPsf] 5 .
lgs} k9]/ klg sdfO sd
x'g] k]zf–Joj;fo s] s]
x'g\ < o;af/] k[i7 # df
n]lvPsf] 5 .
n n
eGg ;lsGg . lsg]sf]
3/df yf]/} ;do dfq al;G5
eg] glsg] /fd|f] . vl/b /
lalqmsf] k|lqmofdf nfUg] vr{n]
tkfO{+sf] 8f9 ;]S5 . 3/sf]
efp a9]s} cj:yf eP klg
3f6f a]xf]g'{k5{ . emg efp
36\bf] cj:yf eP t 3f6fsf]
vf8n ulx/f] x'G5 .
lzIffnfO{ Wofg lbcf}+
cfˆgf gfgL :s"n hfg]
pd]/sf 5}gg eg] klg
/fd|f] :s"n ePsf If]qdf 3/
lsGg] ;Nnfx lbOPsf] 5 .
a]Rg'kbf{ efp /fd|f] kfP/ a]Rg
;lhnf] x'G5 .
Jofj;flosx¿sf] ;Nnfx
3/ vl/bdf OG6/g]6n] w]/}
;xfotf u5{ . t/ vl/bstf{n]
Jofj;flos JolStx?sf]
;xfotf lng' /fd|f] x'G5 . 3/
lsGg ;xfotf ug]{
Ph]G6n] tkfO{+sf] vNtL /
cfjZostfsf] d]n u/fpg
;S5g\ . k|fljlwsx?n] c?
;xfotf ug{ ;S5g\ .
3f6L x]l/ xfF8 lgNg'
à 3/sf] C0fnfO{ c+u|]hLdf
df]u{]h (Mortgage) elgG5 .
3/C0f slt ltg{
;Sg'x'G5 < tkfO{sf] dlxgfsf]
vr{ -ladf, cfos/, kfgL–
lah'nL cflbsf] vr{, dd{t
vr{ cflb_ slt x'G5 < C0f
w]/} jif{;Dd ltg'{kg]{ ePsfn]
;w}+ cfˆgf] cfDbfgL Psgfz
/xG5÷/xFb}g ljrf/ k'¥ofpg'

k5{ . ;fdfGo l;4fGtcg';f/
3/fo;L vr{ -dfl;s 3/C0f,
s/ / 3/wgLn] ltg]{ ladf_ sf]
@* k|ltzt dfq 3/C0f x'Fbf
;lhnf] x'G5 . o:tf lx;fa
ug]{ j]a;fO6x? x'G5g\ .
dlxgf–dlxgfdf ltg]{ 3/–C0f
sd ubf{ cfkm"nfO{ w]/} /fxt
x'G5 .
à 3/ef8f lnP/ a:bf jf
cfˆg} 3/ x'Fbf x'g] vr{ t'ngf
ug'{xf];\ . s'g ;:tf] x'G5 <
à 3/ lsGbf cfkm";lxt sfddf
hfg] ;a}n] slt 6f9f hfg'k5{
/ 5f]/f5f]/Lsf :s"n÷
sn]h slt 6f9f 5g\, Vofn
ug'{xf];\ .
cfly{s kIf
3/ vl/b ubf{sf cfly{s
kIf oL x'g\ M
à 3/ lsGg] C0f :yflgo a}+s
jf df]u]{h sDkgLaf6 kfOG5 .
à 3/ lsGg a}+saf6 C0f
kfOg] ePsfn] ;fk6 lnP/
k};f ;dodf lt/]/ qm]l86
Oltxf; (credit history)
sxfF efp a9\of]
sf]/nf]lhs gfds 3/–
hUuf;DaGwL ljZn]ifs
;+:yfsf cg';f/ ;g\ @)!#
;]K6]Da/df 3/sf] d"No Ps
jif{cl3 eGbf cf};t !@
k|ltzt a9\of] . t/ klg ;g\
@))^ sf] pRr d"NoeGbf
!&=$ k|ltzt sd g} xf] .
o;/L w]/} d"No a9]sf !)
/fHo / j[l4M
!= g]ef8f ============== @%=# %
@= Soflnkmf]lg{of === @@=% %
#= Pl/hf]gf =========== !$=^ %
$= hlh{of ============= !$=$ %
%= ldl;ug ============ !#=( %
^= cf]/]ug ============= !#=^ %
&= cfO8fxf] =========== !$=$ %
*= ˆnf]l/8f =========== !@=! %
(= jfl;+u6g ============ !@ %
!)= o'6f =============== !!=( %
/fd|f] agfPsf] eP ;lhnf]
x'G5 . 3/C0f s'g ;+:yfaf6
ln+bf ;:tf] k5{ < lgs} /fd|f]
cWoog ug'{xf];\ . 3/ lsGg'
s]xL dlxgfcl3 cfˆgf]
qm]l86 lx:6«L x]g'{xf];\ . s]xL
q'l6 eP / ;Rofpg ;lsG5
eg] ;Rofpg'xf];\ .
à 3/ vl/b–lalqm
ug]{ Jofj;flos ;+:yfnfO{
l/on :6]6 elgG5 . o:tf
;+:yfsf sd{rf/Ln] lalqmdf
ePsf] 3/;DaGwL sf/f]jf/
ug{ d2t u5{g\ . s'g l/on
:6]6 /fd|f] 5 < To;;Fu sfd
;lhnf] x'G5 < eGg] rflxF
;fyLx?, cfkm";Fu} sfd
ug]{ ;xsdL{nfO{ ;f]Wg ;lsG5
jf l/on :6]6sf sfof{nodf
;Dks{ ug{ ;lsG5 . l/on
:6]6sf dflg;nfO{ 3/ lsGg]
hfgsf/L lbg'cl3 OG6/g]6df
a'em\g ;lsG5 .
3/ lgl/Ifs rflxG5
3/ lsGg] k|lqmofdf a}+sn]
cfˆgf k|fljlws NofpF5g\ .
of] pgLx?sf] sfd xf] .
cfkm"n] klg To; If]qsf 3/
;j]{If0fsf sfd ug]{ 3/
lgl/Ifs, d'ntM OlGhlgo/nfO{
3/lgl/If0fsf] sfd lbg'xf];\ .
pgn] tkfO{+nfO{ 3/sf sdL–
sdhf]/L cf}+NofpF5g\ / dd{t–
vr{af/] cg'dfg u5{g\ .
dd{t s;n] ug]{ lgwf]
ug'{xf];\ . tkfO{n] ug'{ kg]{ eP
3/sf] d"Nodf slt 36fpg
;lsG5 . 3/ a]Rg]n]
ug]{ xf] eg] tkfO{n] dd{tsf]
slt k|ltzt ltg]{ klxn] g}
lgwf] ug'{xf];\ .
à cfkm"n] 3/nfO{ xfNg]
df]n ;'gfpg'xf];\ . 36\g;Sg]
jf ldNg;Sg] cj:yf
x'g;S5 . cfˆgf] Ifdtfsf]
dfq lsGg'xf];\ .
à 3/C0f lbg]n] tkfO{+ gofF
dflg; xf] eGg] hfg]/ C0fsf]
Aofhb/ a9L lng
@
@)!$ km]a'c
dd{t ub}{ a]Rb}
;g\ @)!# df 3/ dd{tkl5
| /L, jif{ $ c+s %^
a]Rg]sf] ahf/ rDSof] . !
nfv %^ xhf/ j6f o:tf
3/ lsg]/ dd{t u/L
a]Rg]n] Pp6f 3/df cf};t
%* xhf/ 8n/;Dd gfkmf
sdfP . o:tf] Joj;fo
jfl;+u6g, Go'of]s{, Go'h;L{,
d]l/NofG8, Soflnkmf]lg{of,
Dof;fr';]6\;df a9L eof] .
;S5g\ . o:tf] hfn;femLaf6
aRg http://www.hud.gov df
…3/Ú af/] hfgsf/L lng'xf];\ .
à eljtJo÷ljklQsf] Ifltk"lt{
kfpg tkfO{n] 3/wgL ladf
ug'{k5{ . ;DklQ s/
ltg'{k5{ . l/on :6]6sf
jlsnn] 3/C0f / ladf;DaGwL
sfddf d2t u5{g\ . 3/ c+u|]hL–g]kfnL,
lsGbf eg'{kg]{ ljleGg kmf/d
eg{ ;xofu u5{g\ . l/on g]kfnL–c+u|]hL
:6]6sf sd{rf/LnfO{ tkfO{+n] l8S;g/L
z'Ns glbP x'G5 t/ jlsn–
nfO{ lbg'k5{ . 3/C0f kfpg
/ sfg'gL sfuhx? tof/ kfg{
3/ lsGg]n] z'Ns ltg'{k5{ .
o:tf z'NsnfO{ …Snf]lhª s:6Ú
elgG5 . tkfO{nfO{ 3/ lsGg]
sfuhdf x:tfIf/ ug'{cl3 slt
z'Ns ltg'{k5{ eGg] hfgsf/L
l/on :6]6sf sd{rf/Ln]
jf 3/C0f pknAw u/fpg]
;+:yfaf6 hfgsf/L lbOG5 .
3/ vl/bdf s"n d"Nosf] sl/a • c+u|]hLaf6 g]kfnL !@ xhf/
@) k|ltzt -Psbd sd x'Fbf zAbsf] cy{ / g]kfnLaf6
# k|ltzt;Dd x'G5_ r'Qmf c+u|]hL !% xhf/ zAbsf] cy{
ePsf] .
ul/G5 eg] # b]lv % xhf/
…Snf]lhª s:6Ú df vr{ • %)$ k[i7sf] .
• d"No !^ 8n/ .
x'g;S5 .
lstfa rflxPdf M
à 3/sf tof/L sfuhftdf
;lx -x:tfIf/_ ug'{cl3 ;a} http://gyanjyotikendra.org
df uP/ ‘k':tssf] dfu’ jf
sfuhft /fd|/L k9\g'xf];\ . Order Books df lSns
à 3/df ;g'{cl3 ug]{ tof/L
ug'{xf];\ . ToxfF qm]l86÷
sf]7f ;/]h:t} x'g\ . 8]la6–sf8{ jf r]sdfkm{t
o;/L x'G5, cd]l/sg l8«d lstfa kfpg] tl/sf
;fsf/ . pNn]v 5 .
#
cd]l/sfdf a;f]af; -;xof]uL k':ts_
| /L, jif{ $ c+s %^

ca l;Q}df
1fgHof]lt s]Gb|åf/f k|sflzt cd]l/sfdf cd]l/sg
@)!$ km]a'c

a;f]af; -;xof]uL k':ts_ s]xL ;dob]lv

cIfl/sfsf kf7snfO{ lgMz'Ns k|bfg ul/b}+
x6{ dGy
-cd]l/sL d'6' dlxgf_
cfPsf] 5 . of] k':ts kfpg tnsf]
kmf/ddf cfˆgf] ljj/0f eg'{xf];\ . To;kl5
Gyan Jyoti Kendra sf] -tn lbOPsf]_
7]ufgfdf x'nfsaf6 k7fpg' xf];\ . h;n]
klxnf kq k7fpg'x'G5, k':ts pknAw
eP;Dd cd]l/sfleq a;f]af; ug]{ Ps kl/jf/nfO{ Pp6f k':ts
k|bfg ul/g]5 . k':ts x'nfsaf6 k7fOg]5 .
tkfO{+sf] gfd (Name) d cd]l/sg x6{ dGy
7]ufgf (Address) (American Heart Month)
x'F . d x6{ -d'6'_ af/] r]tgf
zx/ (City) hufpg] dlxgf x'F. o;nfO{
/fHo (State) jif{sf] bf];|f] dlxgf -km]a'c
| /L_
lhk sf]8 (ZIP Code) e/ dgfOG5 .
nnn

kmf/d k"/f el/P dfq lstfa k7fpg ;lhnf] x'G5 of] dlxgf x[bo tyf
kmf/d e/]/ k7fpg] xfd|f] 7]ufgf M /StgnL;DaGwL ;d:of /
Gyan Jyoti Kendra To;sf] lgbfgdf Wofg–
49 Lane Road s]lGb|t ug{ dgfOG5 .
Chichester, NH 03258 nnn

dlxnf / k'?if b'j}nfO{

C0fsf] xb
(debt ceiling/ debt limit)
xfdL ;dfrf/x?df af/Daf/ …8]A6 l;lnª÷8]A6 lnld6Ú
ceiling or debt limit) eGg]
;'lgG5 . of] eg]sf] cd]l/sL
d'6'sf] ;d:of x'G5 .
cd]l/sfdf k|To]s @%
;]s]G8df PshgfnfO{
(debt d'6'df cfpg] cfktsflng
;d:ofn] ;tfpF5 .
nnn

;/sf/sf] /fli6«o C0fnfO{ Pp6f ;Ldfdf afFWg] ;/sf/L ;+oGq xf] . o:tf ;d:ofaf6 6f9f /xg
cd]l/sfsf] ;/sf/nfO{ s]xL jif{otf C0f nfu]sf] 5 . of] C0f vfglkg, w"dkfg, Jofofd
a9\b} uPsf] klg 5 . C0f a9\bf slt;Dd hfg] eGg]af/] ;+;b\, h:tf ljifodf Wofg lbg
;/sf/ cflbdf o;sf] ax; x'G5 . cfjZos 5 .
cd]l/sL Oltxf;df of] gf}nf] ljifo xf]Og . ;g\ !(!& cl3 nnn

o:tf] C0f lyPg . cd]l/sL ;/sf/nfO{ ;o v/aeGbf a9L

cd]l/sL 8n/ C0f nfu]sf] 5 .

/fi6«klt lbj; (Presidents’ Day) hgj/L cGTo;Dd

o; jif{ km]a|'c/L !& df /fi6«klt lbj; (Presidents’ Day) k/]sf] 73 xhf/ 3 ;o 7
5 . of] ;+3Lo labfsf] lbg xf] . cd]l/sfsf] klxnf] /fi6«klt hh{ ;g\ @)!$ hgj/L cGTo;Dd
jfl;+u6g (George Washington) sf] ;Ddfgdf dgfOg] of] lbj; cd]l/sfdf &# xhf/ # ;o
©]a|'c/Lsf] t];|f] ;f]daf/ k5{ . w]/} ;d"xn] o; lbg ljutsf ;a} & e"6fgL z/0ffyL{ k'g:yf{lkt
/fi6«kltsf] of]ubfgnfO{ ;+:d/0f u5{g\ . o; lbg x'nfs, :s"n, x'g'ePsf] 5 . ;g\ @)!#
a}+snufot w]/}h;f] ;/sf/L sfof{nox? aGb x'G5g\ . cS6f]a/df z'? ePsf] gofF
jfl;+u6gsf] hGd ©]a|'c/L @@ df eP klg labf ;dfof]hg cfly{s jif{df @ xhf/ ( ;o
ubf{ of] t];|f] ;f]daf/ to ul/Psf] xf] . ^( k'g:yf{lkt x'g'eof] .

u[xo'4sf]
sf/0f
gful/s k/LIff (Civic Test) sf]
lstfasf] k|Zg &$ / pQ/M
à u[xo'4 x'g'sf] Ps sf/0f
atfpg'xf];\ . (Name one prob-
lem that led to the Civil War.)
– bf;k|yf (slavery)
– cfly{s sf/0f
(economic reasons)
– /fHox¿sf] clwsf/
(states’ rights)
••
s'g} Pp6f atfP x'G5 .
••
‘u[xo'4’ sf af/]df w]/}h;f]
hfgsf/L cl3Nnf] c+sdf
n]lvPsf] 5 . pSt c+sdf
5'6]sf s]xL a'Fbfx? o;k6sM
blIf0fsf !! /fHonfO{
;+3Lo ;/sf/n] cfˆgf
lg0f{ox?dfly x:tIf]k u5{
eGg] 8/ lyof] . pgLx?
cfˆgf lg0f{o / /fli6«o
;/sf/sf lg0f{o ljjflbt
gx'g eGg] lyof] . /fli6«o
;/sf/nfO{ g} dfGg'k5{ eGg]df
pgLx? lyPgg\ .
pQ/ / blIf0fsf /fHox?sf]
cfly{s k|0ffnL km/s lyof] .
blIf0f s[lifdf cfwfl/t lyof],
hf] bf;bf;Ldfly lge{/
lyof] . bf;bf;L cGTo unf{g\
eGg] t 8/ lyof] . o;n]
pgLx?sf] cfly{s cj:yf
lunf{ eGg] eof] .
pQ/sf /fHox?df pBf]u–
wGbf lyof] . pQ/sf /fHox?
b]z 6'lqmg glbg kIfdf lyP .
blIf0fnfO{ 5'l§P/ hfg glbg
rfxGy] . pQ/sf w]/} dflg;
blIf0fsf] bf;k|yf cGTosf]
kIfdf lyP .
Gyan Jyoti Kendra, 49 Lane Road, Chichester, NH 03258, Email : aksharica.communication@gmail.com, URL : http://gyanjyotikendra.org/
Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Co-ordinator : Tara Acharya, Managing Director : Sattan Acharya
c+u|]hL zAb ;"rL -24_
c+u|]hLdf ;fwf/0f af]nrfn ug{ sl/a # xhf/ zAb eP k'U5,
tLdWo]sf zAbsf] rf}aL;f}+ ;"rL -efu @$_
• breast :
gfd– jIf:yn, 5ftL, y"g, :tg,
a'a', vf]lsnf, cGt:s/0f .
lqmof– ;fdgf ug'{ .
• breath :
gfd– bd, w'sw'sL, Zjf;, ;f;,
xfjf .
• breathe :
lqmof– ;f; km]g'{, pRrf/0f ug'{,
JoSt ug'{, lng', cleJoSt ug',{
sfgfsfgf s"/{ .
• breed :
gfd– j+z, s'n, hflt, g:n .
lqmof– kfNg', kf]:g', a9fpg',
;+j4{g ug'{, ld;fpg' .
• breeze :
gfd– ;dL/, l;/]6f], :ofF7, x'/L,
atf;, aofn', dGb jfo' .
• brick :
gfd– O{+6, kfs]sf] O{+6 .
• bridge :
gfd– k'n, ;fFu', ;]t', a|Lh .
lqmof– k'n afFWg', hf]g'{ .
• brief :
gfd– 5f]6f], ;+If]k, 5f]6s/L,
cNksfnLg, 5f]6f] ;dosf] .
• briefly :
gfd– ;+If]kdf, 5f]6s/Ldf .
• bright :
gfd– pHHjn, pHofnf], bLKt,
rxlsnf] .
• brilliant :
gfd– k|ltefzfnL, rDsLnf],
b]bLKodfg, emNn, hudu, eJo,
emndNn, lemlnldln, e8\lsnf],
rdsbf/ .
• bring :
gfd– Nofpg' .
• British :
gfd– a]]nfotL, la|l6z,
la|6]gjf;L .
• broad :
gfd– Jofks, km/flsnf], rf}8f,
$
@)!$ km]a'c
| /L, jif{ $ c+s %^
df]6fdf]6L, lj:t[t, k'ms]sf] .
• broadcast :
gfd– k|;fl/t, k|;f/, k|;f/0f .
lqmof– k|;f/0f ug'{, 5g'{ .
• brother :
gfd– bfh', efO .
• brown :
gfd– v}/f], s}nf], 3';|f], u]?jf .
lqmof– lkN5fpg' -3fdn] jf
;d'b|sf] kfgLn]_, 89g', v/f]
kfg'{, v+ufg'{, vl/g', v}/f] ug'{ .
• brush :
gfd– s"rL, a'?;, u'lnsf,
yfFqmf] .
lqmof– a'?; nfpg', ;kmf
ug'{ .
• bubble :
gfd– kmf]sf], kfgLkmf]sf],
If0fe+u'/ .
lqmof– kmf]sf] p7g', plDng' .
• budget :
gfd– cfo Joo, cg'dflgt
cfo Joo, b/aGbL, ah]6 .
lqmof– 7]Sg' . la6 dfbf{dfb}{
• buffalo :
gfd– e}+;L, e}+;f], /fFuf], y'd], cd]l/sg l8«d======
3/, cfˆgf] 3/ . Psn kl/jf/
cgf{, kf8f], yf]/], 7]6\gf], yf/f] .
3/, 6«]n/ xf]d\;, ckf6{d]G6,
• build :
:6'l8of] ckf6{d]G6 cflb h] eP
gfd– hLp8fn, bf/, sfF6,
klg 3/ . cd]l/sfdf cfˆgf]
5f8g, u7g, agf]6, agfj6 .
3/ . cd]l/sL ;kgfsf] Pp6f
lqmof– agfpg', lgdf{0f ug'{,
dxTjk"0f{ v'8\lsnf] .
/rgf ug'{ .
s]xL hfGg', sfd ug'{,
• building : sdfpg' / 3/ lsGg' nfdf] 5,
gfd– 3/, ejg, lgdf{0f, af6f] . t/ ;+efjgf 5 . 3/
;+/rgf . lsGg] lg0f{okl5sf k|lqmofx¿
• bullet : klg ;lhnf dflgb}+gg\ . k"/}
gfd– uf]nL -aGb'ssf]_ . k|lqmof g n]v]/ ;lsG5 g
• bunch : hfg]/ g} . …cIfl/sfÚ sf] of]
gfd– u'R5f, em'Qf], em'G8, em'Kkf, k|of;n] 3/–vl/b k|lqmofsf]
yF'uf] . af6f] vf]lnlbG5 eGg]
lqmof– y'k|g', em'lDdg' . cfzf;lxt .
qmdzM wGojfb