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Understanding Integral Waterproofing PDF
Understanding Integral Waterproofing PDF
The
California Academy of Science in San Francisco used large quantities of crystalline waterproofing to
seal the slabs and foundation walls. Mixed at 2.5% of the Portland cement content, the job used over
48,000 pounds of admixture to waterproof the 4,000 yards of concrete in the structure.
C
oncrete is one of the most widely admixtures, usually a dry powder or useful for blindside work—such as
used building materials, used liquid added to the concrete mix at the deep foundations and bored tunnels—
on everything from residential batch plant or the jobsite. Some forms of where the waterproofing solution can be
basements and foundations to tunnels integral waterproofing will even self-heal incorporated into the concrete batching
and water treatment plants. Although minor cracking. process. It’s also useful for complex
hard and dense, it is a porous material designs where sheet goods would be
which makes it highly susceptible to Advantages difficult to apply.
damage and deterioration from water Integral waterproofing offers a Kevin Yuers says, “Their biggest
and chemical penetration. That’s why number of advantages over coatings advantages are the self-sealing ability,
nearly all commercial and residential and membranes. For instance, integral absence of seams, low overall cost and
concrete projects specify some type of waterproofing can’t be torn or damaged the fact that they are not compromised
waterproofing system. during backfill, and will not delaminate, by poor site conditions, poor membrane
Traditionally, contractors apply decompose or wear out. workmanship or worksite damage.”
either a spray-applied coating or a Les Faure, advertising and Yuers is vice president of operations at
peel-and-stick sheet membrane to keep promotion director at Xypex, says “ Kryton International, a Canada-based
moisture out after a concrete structure By applying integral waterproofing, manufacturer of integral crystalline
is constructed. However coatings and contractors can eliminate or seriously waterproofing,
membranes can be torn or damaged decrease maintenance costs for the entire “By using the whole concrete
during backfill, could delaminate, life of the concrete structure. Because mass as the waterproof membrane,
decompose or deteriorate over time. it offers such complete, long-lasting integral waterproofing products have
Instead of relying on membranes protection, integral waterproofing is several major advantages over surface
installed after the pour, an increasing especially useful in highly corrosive applied products,” says Yuers. “First
number of owners and contractors environments such as bridges and foremost is their invulnerability to
are turning to integral waterproofing constructed over bodies of salt water damage. The ‘internal membrane’ cannot
to make the concrete impervious to and high-consequence projects… where be scraped, punctured or torn. It lasts as
moisture. failure isn’t an option.” long as the concrete.”
Integral waterproofing uses chemical Integral waterproofing is extremely
12 WATERPROOF!
The Price of Protection the excavation savings alone are often different brand names. While the
For all these advantages, integral enough to justify integral waterproofing. chemical composition of each is slightly
waterproofing is surprisingly cost Lastly, nearly all integral different, they all are either densifiers,
effective. In fact, it saves so much time waterproofing products can be repellants or crystalline admixtures.
and money in the construction process considered “green.” There’s no off- Densifiers fill the microscopic pores in
that it’s not uncommon to shave months gassing, no VOC’s, no chemicals leaching the concrete matrix to eliminate water
off the construction schedule. into the soil. It can easily be recycled infiltration. Water repellants make
For instance, integral waterproofing along with the rest of concrete. the concrete hydrophobic. Crystalline
was used in the below-grade portions admixtures cause microscopic, water-
of Singapore’s “Theatre on the How it Works blocking crystals to seal pores and
Bay,” a performing arts center that Integral waterproofing products hairline fractures.
would be subjected to significant are marketed under a dozen or more Here’s a detailed look of how each
hydrostatic pressure and a harsh
marine environment. Xypex Crystalline
Waterproofing replaced the originally
specified membrane because of its ability
to withstand the hydrostatic pressure
and to protect the reinforcing steel
against corrosion. But it also accelerated
the construction schedule and saved the
contractor more than two months.
Aaron Ayer, vice president of
marketing and business development
at Hycrete, says his company’s products
are typically 30% less expensive that
comparable membrane solutions and can
eliminate a few weeks from the critical
path construction schedule.
Yuers, at Kryton, explains, “There are
no workmanship issues to be concerned
about because there is no installation
required. Since there is no installation,
the general contractor eliminates an
entire trade along with the requirements
for space, access, scheduling, etc. Since
no time is spent waiting for surface
preparation and membrane installation,
backfilling and other construction steps
can proceed without delay.”
There are other advantages as well.
For instance, integral waterproofing
products can be applied in almost any
weather. There are few temperature
restrictions; if temperatures are
adequate for pouring concrete, integral
waterproofing can be installed. Most
importantly, it saves the time and expense
of a separate waterproofing process.
Additionally, excavation contractors
can dig a smaller hole, since workers
won’t need to access the outside of the
building foundation. On large buildings,
Spring 2010 13
The Thomas Jefferson School of
Law, located in downtown San
Diego, California, is pursuing LEED-
Gold certification. The three levels
of underground parking and eight
floors above grade all needed to be
waterproofed. By using Hycrete’s
membrane-free integral admixture,
the school reduced the construction
critical path by four weeks and
saved an estimated $187,000. It also
eliminate 36 tons of landfill debris, an
estimated 18,567 pounds of polymers,
This series of photographs, taken through an electron microscope, demonstrates how crystalline waterproofing can
physically block the moisture coming through the pores and hairline cracks in the concrete. At left, the void is clearly
visible. Center, the crystals are clearly visible. At right, the void has been completely sealed.
14 WATERPROOF!
foundation walls.
“Our admixture is in the class of
Spring 2010 15
page 17), but adding it to the mix at the
because it’s a liquid admixture, not a team that provides: (1) design review to
powder. Called Aquafin-IC Admix, incorporate appropriate waterproofing
the liquid form “completely eliminates details, (2) onsite inspection to ensure
the risk of clumping, and ensures proper installation of all details, and
even distribution of the waterproofing (3) supervision during installation to
throughout the concrete.” maximize the quality of the concrete
Elena Danke, director of marketing placement.”
16 WATERPROOF!
Crystalline Waterproofing unique waterproofing plaster. Made
for Existing Construction from Portland cement, sand, fibers and
Faure notes that integral the proprietary Izonil waterproofing Sealing the building
envelope without using
waterproofing is extraordinarily additive, it is completely waterproof traditional coatings…
For freshly placed concrete, it’s Izonil, the product is perfect for
possible to dust the surface with restoration, repair work and new
the powder and trowel it into the plastering where protection is needed
surface during finishing. Xypex against water damage.
DS-1 and Kryton’s Krystol Broadcast, It has been used on jobs ranging
for example, are intended for this from presidential palaces to cellars
application. and sump pits, and has successfully
For fully cured concrete, rehabilitated jobs thought to be
crystalline products can be applied beyond repair.”
directly to the surface of an existing The Izonil additive is being used
concrete structure after soaking it by concrete and cementitious product
thoroughly, or as a slurry coat. manufacturers to provide integral
According to Elena Danke, waterproofing for their own unique
director of marketing at Aquafin, products. For example, CarpenterStone
the slurry coat can be applied with incorporates the Izonil additive to WATERSTOP-IC
Crystalline enhanced
either a brush or with suitable spray their Stucco and Drainage Plane waterstop
equipment. With the same active products thus eliminating the need for
ingredients as the liquid admixture, waterproof membranes and sealers. Concrete with
Aquafin-IC it penetrates into the “The Izonil additive gives us a AQUAFIN-IC ADMIX
The worlds first and only liquid
concrete surface and becomes an huge competitive edge” states Gregory crystalline waterproofing admixture
integral part of the structure. Fenech, vice president of sales and • Lasting integral waterproofing
• Protects reinforcement
“It’s perfect when waterproofing marketing for CarpenterStone. “In this
interior foundation walls, elevator economy, to be able to offer solutions
pits, and so on; when waterproofing while reducing inventory and labor is
… the next generation
from the outside is not an option,” huge.”
of waterproofing!
she says. “Even if the coating is Faure summarizes, “Whether
slightly damaged on the surface, blended into fresh concrete or
the waterproofing properties are spray-coated on existing concrete,
not lost, as the ‘waterproofing’ itself crystalline concrete waterproofing has
takes place within the concrete.” the ability to seal the primary paths by
Like waterproofing added to the mix which water and aggressive chemicals
design, crystalline slurry coats will penetrate, attack, and ultimately
also self seal shrinkage cracks, up to threaten the long-term integrity of the
1/64” (0.4 mm) when water is present. concrete structure. Unlike coatings
Kryton offers Krystol T1 and T2, a that depend on their adhesion to
two-step process that produces similar the concrete’s surface, crystalline
go online or call us today
results. waterproofing becomes a permanent,
A third option is Izonil, which is integral part of the concrete.” 1-866-AQUAFIN
available as a concrete additive or as a www.aquafin.net
Spring 2010 17