Good Governance: a system where the government will have perfect blend to run

the nation.

Pillars of good governance:

 Predictability: government should have definite and certain course of activity

that people will be aware of.
 Accountability: it’s mainly based on answerability and be aware of the action
of the consequence by the government.
 Participation: where all the people will feel free to share idea and advice for
further improvisation and they will feel safe to live in that specific country.
 Transparency: it is about the clarity and the accuracy of the government and
how fast the government can provide the information and data to the
commons.

Factors for poor government:

 Unjust legal system

 Misuse of political power
 Corruption
 Difference between civil society and people
 Arbitrary policy making

Caretaker Government System: it is a panel of advisor of 10 personals and a chief

advisor in order to have a fair election within 90 days.

Need for care taker government in Bangladesh:

 Mass corruption and rigging

 Less confident in the government in power
 Weak Election Commission
 Lack of opposition and emergency like situation.

Success of Caretaker Government in Bangladesh:

 In 2006, when the caretaker government came in power, the country was
very steady and disciplines.
  Corruption and rigging had been curbed.
 People were satisfied and price of basic commodities fell and prevailed.
 Initiated the National ID card in 2006

Controversies of the caretaker government in Bangladesh:

 Biased and partial advisors

 Dr. Fakhruddin Ahmed made himself the chief advisor which led to many
other controversies.
 In the later part of the regime (2007) the system was not much effective.

Civil Society: It is an independent voluntary association of group of knowledge and

experienced people out of state power in order to criticize the failure of the
government and advising improvisation.

Interim Government- Unofficial government without any oath taking.

Let’s see the timeline from 1991 till now.

At first, after the Ershad regime Justice Shahabuddin Ahmed started his unofficial
interim government and led the sixth national election where BNP had a landslide
victory and Begum Zia became the Prime Minister. After that there were
movements where the opposition Awami League with other parties like Jatiya
Shamajtantrik Dal (JSD) and Jatiya party wanted an election under caretaker
government and at last in 1996 the seventh national election was held under the
first official caretaker government of Justice Habibur Rahman and Awami League
won the election and ruled till 2001. Afterwards the eighth national election was
held and BNP won and it was conducted by Latifur Rahman and in 2006, again
there was 2nd official caretaker government due to 1/11 emergency situation and
stayed in power for 2 years. The committee was led by Dr. Fakhruddin Ahmed. In
2008, the 9th parliamentary election was held and Awami league won and in
January 05, 2014 the 10th national election was held where Awami League retained
to power.
Now in to the details of each regime:

1st regime of Khaleda Zia (1991- 1996): BNP won with the alliance of Jamaats’
support

Challenges:

 To help the cyclone effected people

 Bring economic growth

Successes:

 GDP rose as well as GDP per Capita

 Improvement in credit balances
 Improvement in education sector
 Successful in helping people affected by cyclone in 1991 through recovery
programs to some extent.

Controversies:

 Lack of administrative experiences of the ministers which led to

inappropriate decision takings and confusions
 Many committees were formed but failed to achieve curbing terrorism in
Universities campuses, administrative corruption etc due to lack of
consensus.
 Allegation of vote rigging in Magura by-elections in 1994
 Failed to gain trust and appreciation from other parties leading to political
unrest.

1st regime of Sheikh Hasina ( 1996-2001) Awami League won and formed
government with 44 cabinet members. Awami league had two more alliances, Jatiya
party and Jatiya Shamajtantrik Dal. Afterwards, there were serious boycott of
parliament by BNP because (i) BNP members were denied promotional
representation, (ii) government was tempting through media a lot, (iii) speaker was
biased towards the treasury Bench members and thus Awami league proposed
consensus through dialogue. There were 3 conditions from BNP: (I) withdrawal of
cases against BNP leaders, (ii) allowing 2 main roads to hold public rallies against
the government, (iii) reinstallation of the floating bridge that lead to the tomb of
Ziaur Rahman.

Challenges:

 Attaining sustainable growth

 Bring parliamentary democracy
 Improve law and order situation

Successes:

 Ganges water treaty signed with India in 1996

 Increase foreign investments
 Peace treaty signed with PCJSS in 1997 which ended the bloody 2 decade
fight against the government and the rebel tribal.
 Tried to bring the killers of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

Controversies:

 Allure 2 MPs toward their sides knows as tactical moves.

 Created constitutional crisis
 Stock market got bogged down

2nd Regime of Khaleda Zia (2001-2006): BNP led by 4 party alliances started its
regime with 60 cabinet members and won 2 third of the votes.

Challenges:

 Curbing corruption
 Enhance development and reduce poverty
 Control terrorism and improve law and order situation
 Improvements in foreign reserves.
Successes:

 Operation Clean Heart

 Public safety act was note worthy.
 Environmental awareness rose
 Formation of RAB initially it was a success

Controversies:

 Inflation, politicization
 Killing of minorities, RAB members and Judiciaries
 Rise in Fundamentalism and militancy
 Law and order situation deteriorated.
 Violation of Human Rights
 Corruption in public sector as per World Bank and transparency
international Bangladesh.

2nd tenure of Sheikh Hasina (2005- now):

Challenges:

 MDG goals mainly,

 Corruption
 Infrastructure
 Digital Bangladesh

Successes:

 International events
 Role model in various sectors
 Won south south award in America
 Infrastructure and development projects

Controversies:

 Transparency
  Corruption
 Money laundering
 Mass kidnapping
 Various tragedies

Making process:

Proclamation of Independence: promulgation of Constituent assembly order of 1972

who were given ultimate power to make law with no one to question them. Dr.
Kamal Hossain, the then Law Minister, with his 34 member Constitution Drafting
Committee has made the constitution within 9 months. They started on 10th April
1972 and it was given effect on 16th December 1972. They had 74 meetings to make
the constitution. 12th October 1972 was the day when Dr. Kamal Hossain
introduced the Constitution in front of the parliament. From 19th October- 3rd
November there was general discussion about the constitution where 163
amendments were proposed from which 84 got adopted including one from Suranjit
Sen Gupta.