c
 



 

V
V
  

  

 


 

 ¢

 
 

 


    
 

 
 
 
 

¢

  

 


 
 
    



 


¢

 
   



 _
 

V 
  
  


   
  
  

 
   V 
(

 






( 
 

   
   
! 

   
  
"

Ö # $
  
%


Ö 



Ö &'

       # 


Ö (  
)
   
)
&'


Ö &'

  '
  

Ö V 

 '*

 V+,-_ _._ V/VV

Š _._ 
Š 

   
 '
 ''      #  $# 

  %
Š 
  
' 
 

0  
'0 

Š _._ 122  V
Š -
 ' 
  
  

00
0  
! !

Š _._ V/V
Š -

 

  

0   0
 0 
! !0 
 
 

0
 
 
 
 

O

-  




3 ' 0  

4 
 
 
 #   

 

Ö  3   '' 

Ö1 
  3  ' 
Ö&#  3  
 '' 

O

   5  ) 6    
 

1 

Ö
  
Ö&# 
Ö-)  
O
 
 
O




'

#
 
 



 
#   
'








'
  #   
$ #  
#
 


  
%


#$ #$
 M
 M


M
 M

#$ #$


#$ #$

  
#$ '


#$




 

M

#$

M

%M
%M

#$ &

V
 
 





  
#$ #$M #$& #$'  #$
#$ 
#$ M
 ! 
" 
 
  

Ö 

!"
Ö 

#



Ö 

#
$
"
Ö 


  
Ö 

 
Ö 

"
"
Ö 

$
 

"
 %

Š "


&'" $






()*+,-*
.+/$$
$$


0
...

o #1##2c3Occ

o 452cO42c3cc(
 
6
&
 /

o 452cOcO OO 67

8&'  $ #  
0
5  
'% 8    
8 
!
(
#Oc

$
"
" 

 & $
   
& 
 


 

o    
o   
o V 

 
! 




o 1 !  
 $12
  V%

 

 (1 
3 

 V/
V/ ..
+ .O.
u -_ 3 .  9  
 &  : 3 ;  : 3 <
u = :3< 3 

 (     

u -_ 3 . :3  0 >  9    
 

 #4

 
 

 '
  6

_

  
#
  
  1  

,6
 


,6   

ë

ë
ë

¢ ¢
 
ë ë
 
ë 

 
&$




Ö 







 

Ö 

"


0 
Ö 3

Ö  

$


 " 

'

 
"(O
 4"$
"
#
/
 0
$


"

    


 

 
_._ V-,_._/




   
 

 !
!  
0  
 
0
' !
 

  ! 


ë ë
 
  


 
  

 
 Vertical stability
Š inking in to the sea bed during maximum fluid density
condition.
Š Floating of uried ëipeline during
mpty condition & oil
iquefaction.
Š he ëipe sinkage is determined as the depth at which the applied
pipe pressure equals the soil bearing resistance.
Š sinkage)vVis given by:
oil deformation(pipe sinkage)v

D/2-[(D/2)2 ± (/2)2]1/2
v = D/2-
WhereV
D = Overall pipe outside diameter including pipe coatings
 = ërojected contact area between pipe and soil =ë/qu
WhereV
qu = CC +1/2 

qu = Ultimate bearing capacity of soil
ë = ëipe submerged weight including pipe coatings and in water
filled condition per unit length.
 ateral stability
Š t is the capacity to resist the lateral forces due to

nvironmental loads.
Š Forces to be considered for ateral stability analysis
ubmerged weight W
ateral resistance R
Friction ±
Drag force FD
ift force F
Š he stability criterion is expressed as

(Ws - F) ± (FD + F ) 

WhereV
 = safety factor (1.1)
Ws = submerged weight of pipeline/unit
lengthV for nominal wall thickness
(t)V /m
F = hydrodynamic lift forceV /m
FD = hydrodynamic drag forceV /m
F = hydrodynamic inertia forceV /m
± = lateral coefficient of friction between
pipe and seabed.
 
 ? 

Š _
  
' 6


Š  !1
 (1 

Š . 

2
 

Š  

 

Š  !1
   ! 

Š V ?
6 

 


 
ë
 

ë  
 

   
 V 

  

 


 
 
 
       

YYY  


 


 

 

 
    


V  

 
V  

$" 

#

O0 "
 Oc 

Ö 1 
 
9!   


,'
 .
>#
.


Ö -!_
  
21  
,'


'.


- 
@   !5'
  A

33
1
" 
$"

È 
1 
V
1  


È 
A
V
1  

È   V  !
È 
1 
&#

È 
1 
V 
  
0
= , 
  
= 2! 


= V

= V 

_._ 1-2A_121_2 V/VAV_9

V 
  !'   
 

- 
  B
   
 
 

_  
   -
A

C V    

C &
-
   
C ,  6'

C A
 !-

#7cOcO

A

D<
3


D<
3   


A
  3 V 


-_.3
-_.3 V 
 

,V<
33 1  

,V<

-1
D33 
-1
D 
 0
 #

 


  
   
 

2_VA
;

2_VA
;
33 A


 
 4  
 
 
   


-V,@
<39 
 

 


-V,@
<3
 
-V,@
;33 

  
  4
-V,@
;
  

 4