PASSIVE SMOKER AND ACTIVE SMOKER

Passive smokers or second hand smoke (SHS) terms in others are non-smokers,
exposed to unconscious smoke from active smokers.
Sidestream Smoke (SS) is secondhand smoke from combustion
The cigarette itself while Mainsteam Smoke (MS) is the main cigarette smoke exhale
back into the air by active smokers. Both of these are important issues for
environmental health especially in Indonesia due to the increasing consumption of
cigarettes. WHO data states, Indonesia experienced a sharp increase in cigarette
consumption in the last 30 years, from 33 billion cigarettes per year in 1970 to 217
billion cigarettes in 2000

The prevalence of active smokers among adults continues to increase from

26.9% in 1995 to 32.5% in 2001. Rural men with low education and income levels have
a higher prevalence of smokers. This data is supported by research in Liverpool, low
socioeconomic level is a significant risk factor exposed to cigarette smoke. The results
of the study in West Java also concluded, the level of education and low income have a
higher prevalence of smokers.

According to WHO, smoking will create a double burden, because smoking will
disrupt health so that more costs must be spent to treat the disease. Besides that also
spend money that should be used to buy nutritious food.

Smokers are someone who smokes cigarettes. Smokers can be divided into two,
namely active smokers and passive smokers. An active smoker is someone who
regularly consumes 1 or more cigarettes a day for at least 1 year. Usually done to meet
the needs of psychology such as to show maturity, masculinity, pride and to eliminate
anxiety as well as an alternative to solve the problem at hand. While passive smokers
are someone who actually does not smoke but because there are others who smoke
nearby, then indirectly the person smokes cigarette smoke (Yuliatul M, 1998).

Diseases caused by passive smokers are increasing the risk of lung cancer and
heart disease, respiratory problems including pneumonia and bronchitis, pain or eye
ache, sneezing and coughing, sore throat, headache. As for the active smokers, some of
the diseases caused are bladder cancer, gastric cancer, colon and colon, mouth cancer,
pharynx and esophagus, liver and pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, cervical and uterine
lung, lung cancer, bronchitis and channel infections Chronic respiration.

Usually, passive smokers are found in various places, for example in cafes,
cafes, public buses and public facilities that do not have a special room for smoking. In
such a place there is an interaction between active smokers and passive smokers
because passive smokers are someone who is in the environment contaminated with
cigarette smoke and someone is inhaling with a lot of intensity.

Therefore it can be said that smokers who smoke in public places or do not care
about others who do not smoke are a selfish person. The pleasure is taken alone, the
pain is divided. In addition, the smoke of cigarettes released is more dangerous than
those that enter the body of passive smokers. This is because cigarette smoke contains
the following substances: Contains nicotine twice as much, Contains carbon monoxide
five times more.

According to the Director General of Disease Control and Environmental Health

(P2PL), Tjandra Yoga Aditama in Jakarta said the number of active smokers in
Indonesia reached 61.4 million people, causing additional problems of 97 million others
are estimated to be exposed or become passive smokers with 43 million of them
children. The number of active smokers in Indonesia is the third largest in the world
after China and India with the prevalence of smokers of 67.4 percent in males and 4.5
percent in women or a total of 61.4 million smokers.

Smoking can cause cancer of the mouth, vocal cords and esophagus. Smoking
ladies are 13 times more likely to develop lung cancer than nonsmokers. While men
smokers 23 times higher got lung cancer than non-smokers. Smokers are at least 3 times
more likely to suffer from cataracts that can cause blindness. Cigarettes can be a major
cause of stroke and brain damage. Smokers are 10 times higher risk of suffering from
periodontitis (burning gums leading to infection) that can damage the fine tissue of the
bone. Other effects can occur pneumonia, bronchitis, asthma, cough.

According to Dr. Yulia Andani Murti of the Police Department of Marine

Affairs and Fisheries, citing the facts obtained from the World Health Organization
(WHO), because inhalation of the main smoke that smokers smoked back and also
secondhand smoke, passive smokers actually suck the toxins contained in the smoke
Two cigarettes a fold. From cigarettes, smoke smoked by smokers is only 15%. The
rest, 85% spread to the environment. This causes passive smokers (those around who
inhale cigarettes) have a higher risk of lung cancer, coronary heart disease, and
respiratory problems.