7

Statistics Research Study

By
Abraham Perez

Math 115

Dr. Kasabian
tt/25n4
7

Part One: The Design of the Research Study

Are there any differences in grade level elementary school students and their preference ofthe
school lunch meal?

Hlpothesis:

Null- There is a difference between grade level elementary school students in their
preference of the school lunch meal.

Alternative- There is no difference between grade level elementary school students in

their preference of the school lunch meal.

Type ofStudy:

This will be an observational study.

The subjects for this research study will be boys and girls from Franklin D. Roosevelt, an
elementary school in the Lawndale school district. Only 3'd through 5tr students will take part in
this observational study, 6IYo arc Hispanic, 22%o are African Americaq llYo are Asian, andTYo
are White. The researcher will be interviewing 210 students, 70 third graders, 70 fourth graders,
and 70 fifth graders.

The researcher will be conducting in-person interviews with 3'd-5m- grade students,
during their respective lunch time, between I I :55 to 12:55. (Questionnaire is attached)
 Data Collection Sheet
Date:

Gender: tBl tGI IBI IGl IB] IG] IBI tGI tBl tcl
Grade: [3'dl [4thl [5thl [3'd] [4th] [sth] [3"] [4tn] [5tn] [3'd] [4'n] [5'h] [3'd] [4,h] [5,h]
Ethnicity: [White] lWhitel [White] IWhite] IWhite]
IHispanic] IHispanic] IHispanic] IHispanic] IHispanic]
[Asian] [Asian] lAsianl lAsianl lAsianl
[African [African [African [African [African
Americanl Americanl Americanl Americanl Americanl

Protein:

ls it chewy? lYesl INo] lYesl INo] lYesl lNol lYesl lNol lYesl tNol
ls it sreasv? lYesl tNol lYesl tNol lYesl tNol lYesI lNol lYesl INo]
ls it tender? lYesl lNol lYesI lNol lYesl lNol lYesI lNol lYesl INol
Does it taste lYesl lNol lYesl lNol lYesl lNol lYesl [No] lYesl lNoI
saltv?
Does it taste lYesl [No] [Yes] [No] lYesI lNoI lYesI ltttoJ lYesl INo]
sweet?
Does it taste lYesI lNol [Yes] [No] lYesl [No] lYesl lNoI lYesl lNoI
eood?

Veggies:

ls it crunchy? lYesI lNol lYesl lNol lYesl INo] lYesl lNoI lYesl lNol
Does it taste lYesl lNol lYesI lNol lYesl INo] lYesI lNol lYesI lNol
fresh?
Does it taste lYesI lNoI lYesI lNoI lYesI lNoI lYesl lNol lYesl lNoI
bitter?
Does it taste lYesl [No] lYesI INo] lYesl ltrtol lYesl [No] lYesl [No]
sweet?
Does it taste lYesl 1ruoJ lYesl INo] lYesl INo] lYesl [No] lYesl lNoI
eood?

Fruits:

ls it iuicv? lYesI lNol lYesI lNol lYesl lNol lYesl lNol lYesI lNol
ls it sweet? lYesI lNoI lYesl INo] lYesI lNol lYesI lNol lYesl 1l,tol
ls it crunchy? IYes] lNol [Yes] [No] lYesl lNol lYesl INo] IYes] lNol
Does it taste lYesI lNoI lYesl lNoI lYesI lNol lYesI lNol lYesI lNoI
fresh?
Does it taste lYesI lNoI lYesl [No] lYesI lNoI lYesl lNoI lYesl [No]
eood?
 Data Collection Sheet
oate:
ftL-;J- /"1

Grade: [4th1 15tt'

lAsianl
[African
Americanl

Protein: -ft.r, "L", 7tr/ r" ffi;,1

h, f)-L'€. (

ls it chewv? lYeslJ}d6l IYdl tNol IX€{l lNol [Yesl IM tYesi tNdl

ls it greasy? fifsl INol lYesl DloI tYxflNol lYesl Dr6 IW lNol
ls it tender? JYdl D6sl [Nol,
tNol Iy6l tNol lYesl-J&d ty.61 lNol
Does it taste tveslJffi tvesl/61 [Yes] ptrf tYeslr[M
salty?
Lvesj
Pf
Does it taste
sweet? ./.<fl tNol
,Pe5l ttlol lYesl
fff ,y)*' tvesl/t6l
Does it taste
good?
Ilesl tNol jyefl truol EdI tNol lfsl tNol fdsl tNol

Veggies: d\a ru t:r' i?'tacoi/' o'' 5c, /c- nt, fin*o'ke'

ls it crunchv? [Yes] ffi - 'X)
II{s))Nol lYesl Dlo4' UeSlJtlol lYesl D+61
Does it taste tYes[]tdl tNot r)6 lNol 'yz{l lno) W lNol
fresh ?
Does it taste
bitter?
tvesl
fff lves)
fI lves)
Jpdl tves) pnl [Yes] t)ld1

Does it taste tYesl ID6l

sweet? PtNot Xsi lNo) f'l tNol

Does it taste
good?
tvesl
fl wl lNol
lxl lNoj Yi INol W lNol

ls it crunchy?
Does it taste
fresh ?
J.laac
!,TJEf iiIL *-o*^
LOJLE I Ftoi I ilr-si tt+oi
 Data Collection Sheet

oate:/ p --5/1- /1
Gender: IBI )GJ lBl l.cl tB] IBl tBl .),4 )81 IG]
Grade: [3'd] [4th] w1 [3'd] [4'h] E ]f [3',d] [4'h] tfl B'.\)4 [sthl [3'd] [4thl tsx
Eth nicity: lWhitel- lWhitel-.t lWhitel lWhitel
t6nrcl
zlAsianl
Hry#tcl lHispanicJ IHispgoic]
Ifsianl [Asian] 7 ffnl
'[African
[African [African lAtricu(
AmericanJ Americanl dnitcanl American]

Protein:

ls it chewy? lYesl IDJd W lNol tldl tNoI lYPsl lNol lYesl Dl6l
ls it ereasv? Uefl [ttto] I6sl [No] YesT [No] tlesl ttlol UeSl [No]
ls it tender? lYesl tlldl lYesl Dl6 lYesl tl\ldT
'Ilfsl,[No] 'lYesj ll6f z
Does it taste tveslrPtdl tYesljltdj lves) prf Wsl lNol lYesl pT
sa ltv? ,
Does it taste
sweet?
W lNoI tYesl/(pl lvesl pz't tvesl,Pt6l lves)
16)
Does it taste lves) lfl tvesl jlt6J tvesl jlt6l lvesl l")zf tu;A lNo)
eood?

Veggies:

ls it crunchv? lYesl trDt6l lYesl Ilrol tYesflNol A€-sl [No] tYe<l- ttlol
-[Yes]
Does it taste IYesl J}ldl lves)Y (ye<t lNol y Y tNol
fresh?
Does it taste tvesl jlt6l tveslfr6l j)e61 ttrol tY) t*ol Ivesl2tdl
bitter?
Does it taste tYesl IDI6I lvesl lYesl Il!g1 tvesl jltdl
sweet? f IYes]

Does it taste
good?
lYesl lYesl
w) Wsl lNol y' l lNol lVes).f

Fru its:

ls it juicy? lf,esl [No] ty6l truol lyg6i truol tYe5l truol I)-61 Iruol
"tYed-ttlol -Ufsl
ls it sweet? )xEs) lNoI tY,esl INoI IYe{ tt{ol- [No]
-LYesl4jlifl
ls it crunchv? lYesl. [Dtd ''[Yes] INol' 'lYesl-Dt6l
W lNol
Does it taste w] lNoI tu2<I lr'tol ty tNo) lves) lfl tlCsJrttlol
fresh?
uoes tt ra$e lYpS'J t'r,ioj U\loJ t'iesl p61 lYesi 'Prt rfl inoi
eo0d /
 Data Collection Sheet

Date: 10"2q-/?
Gender: tB] W ,tE) tcl tBl lg IBI ,L ql tB] TBT
Grade: B'\ W [5'h] [3'd] [4'h] Eiq [3"] [/r'] [s*] B'.dl lLn [5thl t3"l t49l ty{
Ethnicity: IWhite] lWhitel [White] lWhite], lytnftel
lHispaAiel IHispanic] IHispanic] tiltfnic) {Hispanicl
)b"fri lAsianl ,t lAsianl z t6sianl [Asian]
IAfrican lAtriql lAfri6 IAfrican [African
Americanl Amdricanl am{ricanl Americanl Americanl

Protein:

ls it chewv? Ilesl-.tNol IY6l INol t)dl 1Ns1 l)Esl lNol IYesl [No]
ls it greasv? tYe6l tNol [Ye6] tNol "-
tYe<l tNol lYesl Illdl '. tYesl LDI6I
ls it tender? IYer{ tNol tYedl- tNol lYesl L!,{61 - IYe<I [No]- lYesl-lNol
-lves)
Does it taste 'lues) lyo{ lP{ lYesl'Dldl lveslrpt6l 'lYesl Dkf
ltv?
sa
Does it taste fves)
fl lves)
fT lYs) lvo) Ivesllt6l tvesl tp
sweet?
Does it taste tf) tNo) tvest
f tX6l truol t/Csi truol Pcsl truol
eood?

Veggies:

ls it crunchv? tYrdf tNol lYesl [}lr,I lYesl I,Dt6l Pdsl [No] I6slJNol
Does it taste tvedfl tvesl t)zfl lNo) ' lNol
fresh? YtNo) ,tXI V*l
Does it taste tYesJ jlt6l tvesl t|61 IvesJ IfJ tvesl
Jffil tvesl jltdl
bitter?
Does it taste lYesl w) lYesl IM tvesl tfl tYesl ty'ldl
sweet?
Does it taste
fsl lwo) lYesl llrol tvesl tfdl
VA
tNot tfsl truol
good?

Fru its:

ls it iuicv? IY:CJ ttlol Uc6l jt'lol tYe6l truol U6l trrtol Dl6sl tNol
'ffi -Ufsl 'Ue6l
ls it sweet? IlE6l tlttol _ [No] [No] tNol ty.{s lNoI
ls it crunchv?
"[YesL
[Nof lYesl Iltlol' UcSl lYesl IMj 'P6sl [No]
Does it taste
fresh?
[rsJ [rvol ,Y)' 'tfl tNol
Lruol

lPsI truot ,Y')'

uoes lr [asfe iYrdj INol lF,ioj t/n! luoi 'ti$t iinoi iv2ll inos
good i
 Protein 3rd 4th 5th
Yes 210 247 195
No 209 L72 224

Protein
3fi)

250

200

1X)

1m

50

o
3rd 5th

Veggies 3rd 5th

Yes 190 149 151
\-/ No 160 207 199

Veggies
250

m
150

1m

g)

o
3rd
Fruits 3rd 4th 5th
Yes 198 235 218
No L52 1-15 132

Chart Title

-: t,

:-':
Protein 3rd 4th 5th 3rd- 4th
L 22
2 22 0.439829293
2 22 0.15179
112 Since the t-value for the data (t:0. 15179) is less than
2 22 t* (t*:1.660), then here is no statistical significant
2 22 difference between 3rd and 4th grade students in
2 22 their preference of protein in a school lunch meal.
z 22 3rd-5th
2 22
2 72 0.000881957
122 3.2133
L 22 Since the t-value for the datat (r3.2133) is more
2 22 than t* (t*:1.660), then there is a statistical
7 22 significant difference between 3rd and 5th grade
2 22 students in their preference of protein in a school
2 72 4th-Sth
r 22
122 4.11052E-05
t 22 4.1065
t 22 Since the t-value for the data (t:4.1065) is more
!22 than t* (t*:1.660), then there is a statistical
112 significant difference between 4th and 5th grade
2 L2 students in their preference of protein in a school
222 lunch meal.
212
2 t2
2 72
112
112
112
122
L 22
L 22
2 L2
2 22
2 22
2 22
112
2 !2
2 22
2 t2
2 L2
2 L2
2 22
2 22
2 22
Veggies 3rd 4th 5th 3rd-4th
2 22
2 22 0.038814633
2 22 1.78295
2 t2 Since the t-value for the data(t:1.78295).
2 t2 is more than t* (t*:1.660), then there is a
2 22 statiscal significant difference between
2 2L 3rd and 4th grade students in their
2 2t preference of vegetables in a school lunch
2 2t
2 2t 3rd-5th
2 2t
2 27 2.09957E-10
2 2t 6.92852
2 2L Since the t-value for the data (t:6.92852) is
2 27 more than t* (t*:1.660), then there is a
2 2L statistcial significant difference between 3rd
2 2t and 5th grade students in their preference of
2 2t vegetables in a school lunch meal.
2 2l
2 2L
1 22 4th sth
1 22
1 22 1.98208E-05
1 22 4.30084
1 22 Since the t- value for the data (t:4.30084)
1 22 is more than t* (t*:1.660), then there is a
1 22 statistical significant difference between
1 22 4th and 5th grade students in their
1 22 preference of vegetables in a lunch meal.
1 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 2t
2 2L
2 2L
2 2t
2 2L
2 2L
2 2L
1 2L
1 72
7

111
111
111
111
11L
11r
111
111
117
111
111
111
111
L L 1
111
111
11L
111
111
111
111
111
Fruit 3rd 4th 5th 3rd-4th
2 22
2 22 0.003945911
2 22 2.77L2t
222 Since the t-value for the data(t:2.7112l) is
2 22 more than t* (t*:1.660), then there is a
2 22 statistical significan difference between 3rd
2 22 and 4th grade students in their preference of
222 fruits in a school lunch meal.
2 22
2 22
2 22 3rd-5th
2 22
2 22 o.L24M.1788
2 22 1.1618
2 22 Since the t-value for the data (t: I . I 6 I 8) is
2 22 less than t* (t*:1.660), then there is no
2 22 statistical difference between 3rd and 5th
222 grade students in their preference of fruit in
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22 4th-5th
2 22
2 22 o.a7924/.107
2 22 o.9225
2 22 Since te t-value for the data (t:0.9225) is less
2 22 than t* (t*:1.660), then there is no statistical
2 22 difference between 4th and 5th grade students
2 22 in their preference of fruit in a school lunch
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 Z2
2 22
2 27
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
2 22
Part Three: Statistical Inferences and Reflection
After conduaing this study, there are many mix responses to when it came to preference
of protein and fruits. In the section of protein between 3'd and 4u grade students, the t- value
supported the null hypothesis, in which there was a difference in preference of the school lunch
meal. While 3'd5th and 4ft-5tr the t- value supported the alternative. In the section of fnrit, it was
same feedback, but inverted. 3rd-4th t-value supported the alternative hypothesis, while 3rd-5th
and 4ft-5tr t-values supported the null. The only section where the t-value supported the null
hypothesis for every group was vegetables; they all stated there was a difference in preference of
the school lunch meal.

This study was entertaining, it allowed me to explore a topic that I found interesting.
Conducting the in-person interviews was enjoyable, all the students took a fond interest in
expressing their opinions. After the first day of conducting the interviews, students spread the
word and encouraged other students to get vegetables, and eat them. Students also took the
initiative to find me, so they could take part of the interview. This study was very time-
consuming; I was expecting to have the interviews finished within two days, but it took seven
days to obtain 210 interviews.

In my study I was wondering ifthere were any grade level differences, I would like to
explore if there are any differences in what activities students take part in during recess and
lunch recess. I also took notice the book orders have sparked an interest in this school; I would
like to know what kind of books are being purchased by grade level.
 Nama

9TATI9TIC9 REgEACH gruDY EVALUAIION FORM

Oal6n Vaatd vtlilr no anotu., wdl*rfYtut, ard cornplai,z,. (5 rotnio)

Oalgn Vwarrdwffh afat cnoro. ofiow lnfhawrtdrq, ardlor mloeln6 afa* anporonta. (2 pohta)
Dal6n VacnWAvtlth eavaral arnotv., ofiurt1c lnrha wrliy',ng, andlor mleelng oonp lm?ofiant @rn?onafiD. (1 pohrY)
Dal1nVtoafidlocubetant4alSf,awd" (Orrlhtto) _ ., -

?otn,,Eand ror ? *t ona: i- A 4 1/.'€4' /4a2"-'/' /*'r'7'

?afiTvaz Dah ltnalyelo (5 phfa aooolbla)

R.il AEba atd dah ana[lcle b fcaa*) wfth rc arroft, wdl.rlfilf,.tol,\ and amplaVa @ aolltrlo)
Ril aara atl daA anrfyele Vtaartt) ytllh a fqt anoro, cnoto ln t'lw wttilrq, andlor mloelng a fow omporvnta. (2 potnva)

7 art T]httag' gtA)oilaal lnta"flc,5 (5 phra

'E,o',lblc)
M)ailaal lrfapnricr., oboartallota ar/. n@mttlc*ilatAorw arc otabdd dca{y v,tlth rp arlota,wdl*ttltt'au and a nplcta. (5 polnCo)
M)oilaallnfarulrrr,oM)oro,andtwmmqddblona arcolaldvtllh atlan ctrora,arroolnlhawldng,andlormloohqrtlaaoltonc anponafi.(Z
plrfta)
9tat/railaallnfanancrr.,offilotw,atdru@mnrrrlalsonlarcprafuwlthcatqalatorv,attorclnthawlf)rgandlormlcohqunalmprtunrt
@m?onc?t|r.. (1 polr*)
*nodaal lnfqwlrrp., obcttadorp, atd tp@mftpnhf)ono ?@d.tud ara aub&atrtlal$ flarcA (O ponfa)

?olnbEarwAforfrrtTnn A

Ovatrall *udy (? rrrlnfa)

Ar?aararrrp otthc?,acarch
R@aarc.h frufi lo nlady prwonUd ln a tol/rr., ty@, *tA vleualS plwlrq. (2 pdrnte)
Racard't drady lo dthq not ln a folb. tryL or vlcually fla*lng. (1 ?olnra)
?@aardgtilNMrslmqViltaepalncatlorwtorthaaalgwtwfi*Vafulnlhcoyfilahta.(Oac/lnta)

7 olnfp Eamd tor Otaall Aryarana JJ

@ttttptttB
iU,42j) /e{rz'z/LY/4