Carousel and

Pendulum ship
Ap Physics 1102
 Models

Carousel Pendulum Ship

 Objective
Pendulum Ship:
● Be able to understand the basic concepts of
SHM and Simple pendulum
● Be able to identify the the Simple pendulum
motion from Pendulum ship
● Be able to calculate the Time period of the
pendulum
● Be able to calculate the frequency of the
pendulum
● Be able to define the percentage error between
the recorded period and the calculated period.
● To determine the flawlessness of the
Pendulum.
Carousel:
● Be able to understand the basic concept of uniform
circular motion.
● Be able to investigate about uniform circular motion
based on merry go round motion.
● Be able to prove that the magnitudes of velocity vector
of merry go round is constant.
● Be able to calculate the centripetal force.
● Be able to calculate the magnitude of the velocity.
● Be able to demonstrate the model that conforms to
uniform circular motion.
● Be able to show sample calculation from a real model.
 Carousel
Circular Motion
 1.
Introduction for circular motion
● Circular motion describes objects going in circle.
● 5 important terms
○ Centripetal Force
○ Tangential velocity
○ Centripetal acceleration
○ Period/ frequency
 Discussion of Physics concepts

Circular motion: Tangential velocity

✖ Speed is constant but changes in
magnitude
✖ Perpendicular to the radius
✖ The formula is
 Circular motion: Centripetal
acceleration
✖ Changes of velocity
✖ Direction
○ Center seeking
✖ The magnitude
○ Related to
■ Tangential velocity
■ Angular velocity
 Circular motion: Centripetal Force
✖ Force that keep the object move in
curve path
✖ The direct is toward the center.
✖ Derived from F=ma
✖ The formula of finding centripetal
force
 Circular motion: Period and
frequency
✖ Time that required for the circle to
complete 1 revolution
✖ Indirectly proportional to the
frequency
○ Frequency
■ How many rev does the circle complete in the
certain time
✖ Formula:
 Materials

● White Foam board

● Napkin paper roll
● Red and white sticker paper
● glitter
● Foam craft ball
● Paint and paint brush
● Bagasse Paper
● Printed horse picture
● Latex glue
● Toothpick
● Hot glue gun
● String
● Construction paper
● Acrylic color
● Spinning motor
● Pen
● Decoration
● Electric wires
● 2X AAA batteries
● Box
● Color paper
 Procedure
2)Draw all
1) Measure and pieces on
draw pieces foam board 3) Cut
on construction and on glitter pieces using
paper to use foam sheets scissors
as template using template

4) Assemble
5) Paint
6) Sprinkle pieces to
small pieces
glitter on top create top
and let dry
of carousel
 Procedure
9) Assemble
the rest of the
8) Hot glue foam board
7) Glue to the
pieces of pieces to
top of the
glitter to the create
carousel
foam sheet carousel

12) Bring the 11) Connect the 10) For the

pen and spinning base of the
separate the motor, electric carousel, using
pen body wires and the the box and
which are the battery wrapped with
pen cap and together. the color
other rest. paper.
 Procedure
14) For the motor, 14)
15) For the
making the hole of
wires and the
13) Attach the the space that motor
battery put
pen cap to the can fit in on the base
them in the
center point of of carousel. After that
box.
the carousel. attaching the motor to
that space.

18) Connect the 16) Recall all the

bamboo skewer to part of the pen
the base and the 17) Connect all except the pen cap.
cap of the carousel. the pieces of Attach the bottom
19) Stick the printed the carousel part of the pen to
horse picture to the part. the needle shape
bamboo skewer. like part that is stick
out of the motor
spinning
 Procedure
19) Stick the
printed horse
picture to the 20) Decoration
bamboo
skewer.

21) Put the

22) The battery on
carousel is and turn on
done. the switch.
 Data table
Quantities Values

Radius 14 cm

circumference 88 cm

Frequency 0.31 cycle/sec

Period 3.23 sec/cycle

Angular speed 1.95 rad/s

Linear speed 0.273 m/s

Centripetal acceleration 0.53 m/s2

mass 428 g

Centripetal Force 0.23 N

Calculation
Period
T= 1/f
= 1/ 0.31 = 3.23 Seconds
 Analysis
● Demonstrate the idea of circular motion
● All value of UCM has a relationship to each other
● Find the tangential velocity
○ From the angular speed
■
○ Find the angular speed by from finding the frequency
■ Count how many revolution that the carousel complete in 1 sec.
■
● Find the centripetal acceleration
○
● Find the centripetal force
○ Sub the acceleration
○ Sub the tangential velocity and radius
 conclusion
● In conclusion, the value that obtained from the calculation and the
experiment this help us also the relationship between all the variables and
also all the physical measurements.
● Seemingly, all the variables is related and that make the formula of each
variable also related to each other. Moreover, the model measurement
and the calculation show us that how each variable is affect to another
variable.
 Recommendation
● More time was needed.
● This is because the carousel’s design is not appropriate to the design of the motor
● the pen that used to be the connection between the motor and the cap of the merry go
round is not long enough to reach the motor
● If the carousel is pout a lot more decoration
○ The motor will not working
○ Too heavy
○ The pen can not hold the weight
Simple pendulum
 Introduction

● Simple Harmonic motion is a type of periodic motion or oscillation

motion
● No matter how large the amplitude is, it has no effect on the period of
oscillation.
● the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement from
the equilibrium position and acts opposite to the displacement.
● Simple pendulum is also a simple harmonic oscillator
○ At only small angles
○ At large angles, the restoring force becomes less and less accurate
 Discussion of physics concepts
Time-Frequency relationship
● Frequency is the number of cycles per second
● Period is the amount of time in seconds in 1
cycle.
● Period is the inverse of frequency
● Unit of frequency is cycle/ second (Hertz)
● Unit of Period is second/cycle
 Period of Simple Pendulum

● The formula that could be used to determine

the period of a swinging simple pendulum is:

● T is the time taken to complete a cycle of oscillation,

● L is the length of wood
● g is the acceleration due to gravity.
 Frequency of simple pendulum
● The Inverse of Period formula
● Formula used to determine the frequency is:

● F is the frequency of oscillation

● L is the length of wood
● g is the acceleration due to gravity.
 Materials
● Large wooden stick
● Small wooden stick
● Super glue
● Thread
● Bagasse
● Clay
● paint brush
● Acrylic color
 Procedure
Beam
1) Cut the large wooden stick into 4 smaller pieces of length 27 cm to use it as a stand.
2) connect the 2 of the 4 pieces of wood together 30 degrees to each other.
3) Repeat for another 2 pieces of stick
4) connect the connected stick together at their joints using super glue.
 Procedure
Pendulum Ship
1) Draw the each parts of the ship on the bagasse which consists of base of the
ship, 2 sides of the ship, and the short covers of the ship, small piece of bagasse
that will hold the sticks and string together, base of the pillar at the center.
2) Cut Bagasse according to the picture drawn
3) Cut wooden stick in 2 sizes for the pillar at the center and also the sticks
which connect between the ship and the string.
4) Connect pieces of the ship by super glue and tape
5) Connect shorter pillar with the base then connect them at the center of the
sip by using super glue
6) Connect the end of 2 longer sticks to each other and connect the other ends
with the cover of the ship by using super glue
 Procedure
7) Repeat step 6 with another side of the ship.
8) Connect small piece of bagasse at the point where 4 sticks are connected by
using super glue.
9) Put the clay inside the ship for 150 g under the cover
 Procedure
Decoration and connecting
1) Bring every pieces of the project and spray them with white color spray
2)Wait until it dries
3) Paint the beam with purple and red color
4) Paint the ship with red, gray, and black color
5) After the color dries, connect pendulum ship with the beam by using
thread.
 Experimental setup

120
80 160

40 200
 Data table
SHM
Quantities Values

Mass 150 gram

Length of string (Wooden stick) 20 cm

Frequency 1.2 cycle/sec

Period 0.83 sec/cycle

Percent Difference 7%
Calculation
 Analysis
● values obtained from calculation and from measurement, the values of the
period differ slightly.
● Value of period from measurement is 0.83s. The value from calculation, on the
other hand, was 0.89s.
● Due to this, the calculated percent difference between the two values is 7 %.
● From obtained results, the values of period from calculation tend to be more
accurate than that from measurement. This is because the the measurement of
length of the wood suspending the mass tend to be more accurate than
observing a mass oscillate.
● In observing the mass oscillate, the observer require a very reactive response to
completion of oscillation. Therefore, more chances of error can occur when
measuring the actual time of oscillation rather than using formula for
calculation.
● The error could have also resulted from irregular shaking of pendulum left and
right, which was not supposed to happen.
 Conclusion

● the values obtained that was demonstrated through calculation and

measurement showed very close values but still different.
● From the construction of model and performing calculation regarding its
oscillation, the results have helped us understand the possible causes of
differences in values from calculation and physical measurement.
● The causes of errors were potentially from model that might not be strong
enough to hold the mass perfectly linear when oscillating.
 Recommendation
● More time was needed to make a better model.
● In order to make a sturdy model, choosing appropriate materials is needed. For
this experiment, the beam which hold the ship is too fragile so that strong push
on the pendulum ship can break model apart.
● From this, to improve the experiment, the students may use thicker and more
massy sticks to make the beam.
 References

● Giancoli, D. C. (1998). Physics: Principles with applications (Global ed.). Upper Saddle
River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
● Hallmark Channel. (2017). How To - How To make a Sparkling Carousel - Hallmark
Channel. [Online Video]. 20 May 2016. Available from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0XnXK0hv-kQ. [Accessed: 17 May 2017].
● crazyartline. (2016). how to make a carousel amusement ride for kids by crazyartline.
[Online Video]. 8 May 2016. Available from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_79KBlKeKA&t=468s. [Accessed: 22 May 2017].
● Jimi Carter. (2014). Pirate Ship Pendulum. [Online Video]. 12 February 2014. Available
from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dZTO1RgYUo4&feature=youtu.be. [Accessed: 22
May 2017].
Thankyou!