PRESENT SIMPLE

 Se foloseşte prezentul simplu pentru a vorbi despre fapte care sunt in general adevărate şi rutine
in special când specificam cât de des.
Ex: The planets go round the sun.
Venus orbits the sun.
Flowers bloom in the spring.
Sound travels al 332 metres per second.
My father never gets up late
I have breakfast al eight o’clock.
The Prime Minister always addresses parliament on Tuesday.
I don’t smoke.
They never take their holidays in the summer.
 Se foloseşte uneori in istorisirea de povesti sau glume despre trecut
Ex: I walk into the shop and ask for the ring and the woman behind the counter tells me they’re closed!
 Se foloseşte in comentarii când se descrie scurte acţiuni îndeplinite cum au fost descrise
Ex: So, now I break the egg, add it to the other ingredients and put the mixture in the pan.
 Se poate folosi la exprimarea viitorului când se refera la un timp anume
Ex: Our bus arrives at 11.15 on Wednesday morning.
Our plane leaves at 6 am tomorrow morning.
The film starts al 8 pm.
School starts again next Monday.
 Se poate folosi după if, when, until, as soon as, before, after, când o alta parte a propoziţiei indică
viitorul
Ex: We’ll have plenty of time for lunch if the train arrives on time.
When you get here, we’ll visit the museum.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
 se foloseşte când se vorbeşte despre acţiuni ce se petrec in acel moment
Hi! What are you two doing?
Nothing really. We’re just talking.
 se foloseşte când se vorbeşte despre acţiuni dintr-un prezent mai lung(dar tot temporal)
Ex: Are you doing anything interesting these days?
Yes. I’m learning to drive.
 pentru situaţi care se schimbă
Ex: Your English is improving!
 pentru a te plânge despre o situaţie temporala
Ex: You’re eating my ice cream!
 chiar si despre obiceiuri folosindu-se mereu “always”
Ex: My sister’s always wearing my clothes!
 unele verbe (stative verbs) nu sunt folosite in mod normal in forma continua
Ex: That soup smells great!
I think he’s a composer.
Vb: appear, seem,
believe, realise, suppose, think, recognise, understand, know, remember, see (=understand)
dislike, hate, prefer, love, like, want, wish
hear, sound, smell, taste
own, possess, belong, include, need, owe
mean, matter, surprise
Totuşi unele dintre acestea pot fi folosite intr-un sens diferit ce verbe de acţiune. Atunci pot lua
forma continua
Ex: Why are you smelling your food? Is something wrong?
Be quiet a minute, I’m thinking!

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 se foloseşte pt viitor când se vorbeşte despre aranjamente fixe din viitor(in general nu se poate
folosi pentru a înlocui “will”
Ex: Are you meeting the director tomorrow?
Yes. I’m seeing him at 11 o’clock.

PAST SIMPLE

 se foloseşte pentru acţiuni ce au avut loc in trecut la un moment determinat

Ex: France won the World Cup in 1998.
 in special pentru o serie de acţiuni terminate
Ex: The girl walked out of the house, got into the car and drove off.
 sau pentru acţiuni repetate
Ex: She stopped three times for petrol and arrived in Vienna 24 hours later.
 Trecutul este fie indicat (1998) fie sugerat (at the time of the story/ at the time we’re talking
about)
Adv: two days ago, last week, yesterday

PAST CONTINUOUS

 Se foloseşte pentru a descrie o scenă din trecut

Ex: We were late and when we got there people were talking, drinking and eating, and some were dancing
to the band, which was playing a tango.
 Se foloseşte când se vorbeşte despre ceva care s-a întâmplat deja la un moment din trecut
Ex: At eight o’clock last night, I was watching Tv.
 Se foloseşte in situaţii întrerupte de past simple
Ex: The old miner was looking for water when he saw the gold.
 Observaţi diferenţele dintre: When I got there, Mary was leaving (ea era pe punctul de a pleca
oricum) şi When I got there, Mary left (a plecat după ce am venit, din cauza mea)

THE FUTURE
 WILL Se foloseşte „will” pentru viitor în general şi mai ales pentru
o predicţii
Ex: You’ll love Budapest!
o promisiuni
Ex: I won’t tell anyone your secret
o oferte
Ex: We’ll help you with the washing up, Mum.
o cereri
Ex: Will you give me a ride to school tomorrow?
 GOING TO
o Se foloseşte „GOING TO” pentru a vorbe despre
 planuri
Ex: My brother’s going to visit London soon.
 intenţii
Ex: I’m going to buy that magazine.
 Atunci când sunt prezente dovezi ale unei predicţii

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 Ex: We’re on the last lap and Schumacher’s going to win the Hungarian Grand
Prix!
o De cele mai multe ori când going to este folosit cu verbul go verbul este omis.
Ex: I’m going (to go) for a ride. Do you want to come?
o Observaţi diferenţele dintre intenţiile si deciziile luate in acel moment
I’m going to have lunch at the cafeteria.
Good idea! I think I’ll come with you.
 PRESENT CONTINUOUS
o Se foloseşte present continuous să se vorbească despre argumente fixe din viitor.
Ex: Are you meeting the director tomorrow?
Yes. I’m seeing him at 11 o’clock.
o În general nu se poate folosi present continuous in loc de will.
Ex: It’ll be cold tomorrow.
She will be twenty on 3rd May.
He won’t expect that!
 PRESENT SIMPLE
o Se foloseşte present simple pentru a vorbi despre un orar cu referire la viitor
Ex: Our bus arrives at 11.15 on Wednesday morning.
o Se mai poate folosi Present simple după if, when, until, as soon as, before, after,
când o alta parte a propoziţiei indică viitorul
Ex: We’ll have plenty of time for lunch if the train arrives on time.
When you get here, we’ll visit the museum.
 FUTURE CONTINUOUS
o Se foloseşte future continuous pentru a vorbi despre acţiuni care se vor întâmpla la
un moment din viitor
Ex: In three hours’ time, I’ll be relaxing in the cafeteria with a cup of coffee.
o Se mai poate folosi future continuous in mod similar cam se foloseşte present continuous
pentru viitor dar cu mai mult accent pe elementul de viitor
Ex: We’ve enjoyed our stay and we’ll be coming back again next year.
o Se mai poate folosi si cum present continuous nu poate pentru a da ideea unui eveniment
ce este repetat in viitor
Ex: He’ll be meeting a lot of different people in his new job.
 FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE/ CONTINUOUS
o Se foloseşte future perfect simple sau continuous pentru ideea că ceva va fi terminat
intr-un moment al viitorului.
Ex: You’ll have eaten all the biscuits before the guests arrive if you don’t stop.
By the next month we’ll have been living here for ten years.
o Poate fi folosit în legătură cu un lucru din viitor în acelaşi fel cum prezent perfect
poate fi folosit pentru o perioadă până şi ce poate include şi prezentul. Se foloseşte
deseori „by”.
By the time I’m 30, I will have spent more than four years watching television.
By the year 2020, we will have used 80% of the world’s oil.
o Întâmplările din viitor care nu sunt prea sigure, aşa ca acest timp este folosit după
think, hope, expect, etc:
I think I will have finished my homework by seven o’clock.
I expect we will have started a new book by this time next year.
I hope I will have found a job by the time I leave school.

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 IF clauses

Sunt propozitii subordonate introduse prin : if , unless (= if not ) ,

on condition (that) , in case (that) , provided (that) , providing (that) , supposing (that) ,
suppose (that) . [ unless este conjunctie negativa , deci verbul va fi la afirmativ ] . In
astfel de propozitii nu putem folosi viitorul sau conditionalul .

I. Daca in propozitia principala avem viitor , prezent sau imperativ , dupa IF vom
avea prezent .

Conditia exprimata este reala si posibila (90% sanse de realizare).

Se refera la VIITOR , la o actiune care are aproape toate sansele sa se

realizeze .

Exemple : The pain will go if you take some medicine .

Where will you put your books if she takes your bookcase ?

The sun shines if there are no clouds in the sky .

People eat if they feel hungry .

Don’t touch the wire if you don’t have rubber soles (talpi) .

If you think the mushrooms are poisonous , don’t eat them .

II. Daca in propozitia principala avem conditional prezent ( would + Vb.I ) dupa IF
vom avea past tense . ( Pentru verbul TO BE este forma WERE la toate
persoanele ) .

Conditia exprimata este probabila si imaginara (~ 49% sanse) . Se refera la

PREZENT , la o actiune care s-ar putea realiza dar este foarte putin probabil .

Exemple : We wouldn’t postpone the exam unless we could .

Providing Jack were here he would know what to do .

If I were you , I wouldn’t turn him down ( a refuza) .

Where would she go for help in case she really needed it ?

OBS. Exista posibilitatea de a-l omite pe IF , in acest caz are loc inversiune dintre
auxiliar si subiect . Pentru regula a II-a , auxiliarul este “should” – pentru verbele obisnuite
– si “were” pentru verbul ‘to be’ .

Exemple : Should I find some money I would pay the rent .

Were they eating , you would have to wait .

Should it start raining , how would you go on playing ?

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III. Daca in propozitia principala avem conditional perfect ( would have + Vb. III )
dupa IF vom avea past perfect .

Conditia exprimata este nereala si imposibila ( 0% sanse ) . Se refera la TRECUT ,

la o actiune care nu s-a realizat conform asteptarilor dar nu se poate modifica .

Exemple : How would you have reacted if you had been invited to the
principal’s office ?
If they had lost the match they would have been punished .
Suppose he had spoken in French , nobody would have
undestood him .
If she had been sleeping she couldn’t have heard the phone .
Atentie ! : frazele conditionale de tipul III se pot traduce prin IMPERFECT.
Exemple : Cum reactionai daca erai invitat …. ?
Daca pierdeau meciul ……………….
Daca vorbea ….. nimeni nu-l intelegea .
OBS . Il putem omite pe IF , facand in acest caz inversiunea dintre auxiliar (had)
si subiect .
Exemple : Had they been late , everybody would have had a shock .
What would you have done , hadn’t she told you the truth ?

EXCEPTII
A. Dupa IF putem folosi viitor sau conditional , daca se face referire la sansa .

Traducere : daca cumva , daca se va intampla sa , daca s-ar intampla sa , daca s-ar
fi intamplat sa , daca se intampla sa , daca din intamplare ….

Exemple : If she will come to the party I’ll give her the message .

If it will rain we’ll have to cancel the picnic .

If they will be thirsty they will drink no matter what .

B. Pot exista fraze conditionale mixte , in care propozitia principala este la conditional
prezent ( regula II , se refera la prezent ) iar subordonata este la past perfect ( regula
III , se refera la trecut ) . Adica , o actiune se poate realiza su nu in prezent , pentru
ca o alta actiune s-a realizat sau nu in trecut .

Exemple : You would have a better job if you had learned English .

He wouldn’t spend his young years in prison if he hadn’t

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killed that little girl .

She wouldn’t pay so much now if she had driven more

carefully .