Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction and
Application of GIS
Prepared by
Prof. S. G.
Taji
Dept. of Civil Engineering
S.R.E.S’s College of Engineering,
Kopargaon
18/09/2017
Geographic Information Systems
(GIS)
Computer
Digitizer and Scanner
Printer/Plotter
Software
li n e 5 ,4
p o in t
2 ,2 4 ,1
as geometric objects:
points, lines, polygons
5 1 0
Importance of Layers in GIS
• Geographic data =
Representation of reality
• Reality is complex.
• GIS utilizes a layer approach
• Each layer only includes
information about one type of
phenomenon.
• Data layers must be aligned
with one another
Modeling Geospatial Reality
Raster Model
Vector Model
Real World
Coding Vector GIS
Polygon
I Polygon
node III
A Polygon
II node node
node
E F
D Polygon
V
Polygon
IV
node
1 1 1 1 2 3 4 4
1 1 1 2 2 3 4 4
1 2 2 2 3 3 4 4
2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4
3 3 3 3 5 5 5 5
1 1 1 1 6 5 5 5
1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5
1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5
• Aircraft
– High altitude
– Low altitude
Geosynchronous Orbit
when the satellite moves at
• Spacecraft: the same speed as the
spinning earth – results in the
– Landsat camera staying over the same
– SPOT spot of the earth
– Weather satellites
– GeoEye-1
Application of GIS in Hydrology
Flood Management
Flood plain delineation
Channel characteristics
Inundation modeling
Infrastructure analysis
Risk modeling and mitigation
II. Groundwater Modeling
Data Required :
Weather
Topography
Land cover type
Water levels and geologic data from no. of groundwater
wells
Analysis & Output
Ground water model
Groundwater development and
Artificial recharge sites
Example
Project Planning for a Storage Structure
In this example, a dam is proposed to be constructed
across a river, for which the following information may
be required: