DESIGN OF AXIALLY LOADED SLOPED FOOTING

DATA :-

Axial Load on column = 800 KN

Column size =350 x 350 mm
SBC of soil =200 KN /m2
Concrete Mix =M20
Steel Grade = Fe 415
Clear cover of bottom slab =50 mm

DESIGN :-

1. SIZE OF FOOTING :

Axial Load on column P =800 KN

Self weight of footing 10% = 80 KN
-------
Total load on soil P1 = 880 KN
---------
SBC of soil = 200 KN/m2

Area of footing required = 880 / 200 =4.4 m2

Provide 2.10 x 2.10 m square footing.

Area provided =4.41 m2 > 4.40 m2

2. NET UPWARD SOIL PRESSURE :

Load from column =800 KN

Area of footing =4.41 m2
Net upward soil pressure p =800 / 4.41 =181.41 KN/m2

< 200 KN/m2(SBC) O.K.

3. BENDING MOMENT :

x x

y
(a) MOMENT

Maximum bending moment=p x B x (L-a)2 x 1

2 2

Net cantilever projection= 2100-350

2
=875 mm
Mxx = Myy = 181.41 x 2.10 x 0.8752 /2
=145.84 KN.m
Ultimate B.M. Mux = 1.50 x 145.84 =218.76 KN.m.
Check for effective depth:
For M20 concrete Steel Fe415
Moment of resistance =0.138 fck b d2 =2.76 b d2
Mux = M.R.
2.76 b d2 =218.76 x 106
Width of resisting section =350 +150 mm =500 mm
effective depth ‘d’ required = √ 218.76 x 106/ (2.76x 500)
=398.15 mm

To select depth:
For p =200 KN/m2 D/A value =1/4.50

Overall Depth of footing D= A/4.50 =2100/4.50

=466.67 mm
For sloped footing increased depth by 20%=1.20 x 466.67
=560 mm
(OR) Depth of footing =650 x projection of footing
=650 x 0.875
=568.75 mm
Take D=600 mm.
Effective depth available dx =600-50- 12/6 =544 mm
dy=544 – 12 =532 mm.
Note :
In Pad footing full width of the footing l is available for resisting
bending moment, whereas, in sloped footing, the resisting width may
be taken as width of column + extra width cast for column formwork
seating (150 mm) When shear is checked, the depth at the critical
section shall be found out as the depth in sloped footing is varying.
4.REINFORCEMENT :

Mu = 218.76 KN.m

K = Mu
b d2
= 218.76 x 106
500 x 5322
= 1.55
Pt from Table 2 of Design Aid to IS 456-1978 =0.477
Ast required = 0.477 x 500 x 532 = 1269 mm2
100
Assume depth of footing at edge =200 mm
Average depth = 200+600
2
=400 mm

Minimum Ast = 0.12 x 2100 x 400 = 1008 mm2

100

Provide 13 Nos. 12 mm Φ RTS on both the direction.

Ast provided = 1469 mm2 > 1269 mm2
5. CHECK FOR CRACKING :
Clear distance between bars = 2100-50-12 - 12
12
=157.83 mm <180mm O.K.
6. CHECK FOR ONE WAY

SHEAR:
 y1

y1
(b) ONE WAY SHEAR

SECTION
(one way shear)
Shear at a distance d=532 mm from face of the column
= 181.41 x 2.10 x 0.343
= 130.67 KN.
Factored SF = 1.50 x 130.67 =196 KN.
b= 350+2 x532 = 1414 mm
d = 135 + 343 x 370
875
=280.04 mm
Mu at the section = 1.5 x 181.41 x 2.1 x 0.3432
2
=33.61 KN.m

ζv = {Vu – Mu tan β } / bd where tan β= 400 = 0.457

d 875

ζv = { 196 – 33.61 x 0.457 } x 103 x 1

0.280 1414x 280.04

= 0.356 N/mm2

Pt = 1269 x 100
1414 x 280.04
=0.32%

ζc from Table 61 of Design Aid = 0.394 N/mm2

>0.356 N/mm2 O.K.
7. CHECK FOR TWO WAY SHEAR:

(c) TWO WAY SHEAR

SECTION
(two way shear)
 Average depth =0.5(544+532) = 538 mm
Two way shear is checked at davg = 538/2 = 269 mm
2
from face of column
Shear force =181.41 x (2.102 – 0.8882 ) = 656.97 KN.
Factored SF = 1.50 x 656.97 =985.46 KN.
b= 4 x 888 = 3552 mm
d = 135 + 606 x 370
875
=391.25 mm

Actual shear stress ζv = 985.46 x 103

3552 x 391.25
=0.71 N/mm2
Design shear strength = Ks x ζv where
Ks = (0.5 + βc)
And βc = short side of column = 1/1 =1
Long side of column
Ks = (0.5 +1) =1.50
Ks > 1 Take Ks =1
ζc = 0.25 √fck = 0.25 √20 =1.12 N/mm2
Ks ζc = 1 x 1.12 =1.12 N/mm2
ζv < Ks ζc O.K.
8. CHECK FOR LOAD OF TRANSFER AT BASE OF COLUMN:
Nominal bearing stress= Axial load on footing
Top area of frustrum
 = 800 x 103
350 x 350
= 6.53 N/mm2
Allowable bearing force = 0.45 fck x Ac
= 0.45 x 20 x 350 x 350 x 10-3
= 1102.5 KN.
< (1.5 x 800= 1200KN)
Dowels are required.
Force in dowel bars = 1200 – 1102.5 =97.5 KN.
At the top of footing
A1 = Bottom area of frustrum =2.10 x 2.10 =4.41 m2
Or A1 = bottom length of frustrum of pyramid
= (0.35 + 4 x 0.6) x(0.35 + 4x 0.6)
= 7.56 m2, whichever is small i.e. 4.41 m2
A2 =Top area of frustrum of pyramid
= 0.35 x 0.35 = 0.1225 m2
√A1/A2 =4.41/0.1225 = 6 > 2. Therefore use 2.
Allowable bearing force = 2 x (0.45 x 20) x 350 x 350 x 10-3
=2205 KN. Hence safe.
Dowel area = 97.5 x 103 = 313 mm2
0.75 x 415
Minimum dowel area = 0.5 x 350 x 350
100
= 612.5 mm2
Use 8 Nos. 16 Φ RTS column bars as dowel bars.
Dowel length in footing = D +450 = 500+450
=950 mm
Extend column bars for 950 mm in footing.
9.CHECK FOR DEVELOPMENT LENGTH:
Development length = 47 Φ = 47 x 12 564 mm
Available anchorage = 875 – 50 (cover) =825 mm> 564mm O.K.
10. CHECK FOR SELF WEIGHT OF FOOTING:
Volume of sloped footing= Volume of lower prism + volume of
upper frustrum which shall be taken as
= h/6 {A1+A2+ 4 Am} where
A1 = area of top of frustrum =0.35 x 0.35 =0.1225 m2
A2 = area of bottom of frustrum = 2.10 x 2.10 =4.41 m2
Am = area at mid-height of frustrum = (0.1225+4.41)/2
=2.26625 m2
h= height of frustrum =(0.6-0.2) =0.40m
V= (2.1 x 2.1x0.20) + 0.40/6{0.1225+4.41+2.26625}
=0.882 + 0.453 =1.335 m3
Weight of footing = 1.335 x 25 =33.38 KN <80 KN O.K
< 80 KN. O.K.
11.SKETCH :

SECTION

PLAN