Seminar Report on “Carbon Nanotubes”, 2013-14

Declaration by the Candidates

We Pradeep Kumar Bana (2013PUSETMVLX02380), Rahul Sharma

(2013PUSETMVLX02381) and Neeta Sharma (2013PUSETMVLX02108) admitted to

the Master’s program of Poornima University in the School of Engineering & Technology

in VLSI Design for the session 2013-14, have undergone exhaustive literature review in

the area titled Carbon Nanotubes during first semester of my degree in partial fulfillment

of requirement of the program. I declare that the work presented in this report is my

original contribution and does not include any sort of plagiarism.

Place: Jaipur

Date: 10/02/2014

Pradeep Kumar Bana (2013PUSETMVLX02380)

Rahul Sharma (2013PUSETMVLX02381)

Neeta Sharma (2013PUSETMVLX02108)

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 Seminar Report on “Carbon Nanotubes”, 2013-14

School Certificate

This is to certify that we Pradeep Kumar Bana (2013PUSETMVLX02380), Rahul

Sharma (2013PUSETMVLX02381) and Neeta Sharma (2013PUSETMVLX02108),

pursuing Master’s Degree in VLSI Design has submitted this Seminar Report titled

Carbon Nanotubes in partial fulfillment of first semester of Master’s program of this

University.

Place: Jaipur

Date: 10/02/2014

Prof. Mahesh Bundele Dr. Manoj Gupta

(Coordinator, Research) (Dean)

SET, Poornima University SET, Poornima University

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 Seminar Report on “Carbon Nanotubes”, 2013-14

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We would like to express our deep gratitude and thanks to Dr. Mahesh Bundele,
Coordinator, Research, School of Engineering & Technology, Poornima University,
Jaipur, for giving us an opportunity to work under his guidance for our review of research
papers and his consistent motivation & direction in this regard.
We extend our deep sense of gratitude and respect towards honorable Dr. S. M. Seth,
Chairperson, Poornima University and Chairman, Poornima Group of Colleges for his
continuous inspiration and motivation for the research. We would like to express our deep
gratitude to honorable Dr. K. K. S. Bhatia, President, Poornima University for their kind
support and guidance from time to time.
We extend our sincere thanks to Dr. Manoj Gupta, Provost and Dean, (SET & SBA),
Poornima University for his continuous support and encouragements throughout the course
work. Our sincere thanks are due to Mr. Shashikant Singhi, Secretary, Shanti Education
Society & Director General, Poornima Foundation, who has established Poornima
University and given us an opportunity to undergo research work in the renowned name
“Poornima” as a brand name. We would like to express our sincere thanks to Dr. Chandni
Kirpalani, Registrar, Poornima University for her support. Our thanks are due to Mr.
Devendra Kumar Somwanshi, M Tech Coordinator, Poornima University and all those
who have directly or indirectly helped us to complete our report work.

Pradeep Kumar Bana

Rahul Sharma
Neeta Sharma
M. Tech (VLSI Design)

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 Seminar Report on “Carbon Nanotubes”, 2013-14

ABSTRACT

One of the major advancements in the science of nanotechnology is the discovery of

carbon nanotubes given their unique mechanical, electrical, thermal and optical properties.
There is significance development in the technology node from the year 1998 (250nm) to
the year 2013 (32nm). The future work is going on technology node (2016, 22nm) to
(2018, 18nm).With shrinking in size of the device there is significant rise in the resistivity
and susceptibility to electro migration of the devices, which drastically affects the
electrical properties of the devices. Due to novel properties of Carbon Nanotubes such as
stronger than steel, electrical conductivity higher than copper and thermal conductivity
higher than diamond, they can become important promising material of today.

To learn about carbon nanotubes, a review process involving 3+ stage approaches has been
undertaken for 30 research papers which were published in the period of year 2002 to year
2013. Several solution approaches have been found in them.

The outcome of the review was in the form of various findings, found under the key issue.
The findings included Synthesis and various methodologies used to solve particular
research problem, along with their strengths and weaknesses and the scope for the future
work in the area. In these papers we find the solution approaches which are Chemical
vapor deposition, Dielectrophoresis (DEP), V-type pyrolysis method, Fabrication using
Electric Furnace (EF) heating and Radio Frequency (RF) heating and many more.

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 Seminar Report on “Carbon Nanotubes”, 2013-14

INDEX

Cover page…………………………………………………………………….. i
Declaration by the candidate………………………………………………….. ii
School certificate……………………………………………………………… iii
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………. iv
Abstract……………………………………………………………………….. v
Index………………………………………………………………………….. vii
List of figures…………………………………………………………………. viii
List of tables………………………………………………………………….. ix
List of symbols and abbreviations……………………………………………. x

Chapter 1: Introduction 1
1.1 Carbon Nanotubes 1
1.2 Importance of Carbon Nanotubes 2
1.3 Types of Carbon Nanotubes 2
1.4 Properties of Carbon Nanotubes 4
1.5 Applications of Carbon Nanotubes 4
1.6 Challenges before Carbon Nanotubes 5

Chapter 2: Literature review process adopted 6

2.1 Stage 0 “get a feel” 6
2.2 Stage 1 “get the big picture” 7
2.3 Stage 2 “get the details” 7
2.4 Stage 3 “evaluate the details” 7
2.5 Stage 3+ “synthesize the details” 7

Chapter 3: Categorical review in area/sub area 9

3.1 Area wise summaries and findings 9
3.2 Common findings 58

Chapter 4: Issue wise solution approaches 60

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Chapter 5: Strengths and weaknesses 64

5.1 Strengths 64
5.2 Weaknesses 64
5.3 Scope for research work 65

Chapter 6: Conclusion 66

References 68

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Name of Figure Page No.
1.1 Formation of CNT 1
1.2 Single Wall & Multi Wall CNT 2
1.3 Formation of Armchair, Zigzag & Chiral CNTs 3
1.4 3-D View of Armchair, Zigzag & Chiral CNTs 3
1.5 Extraction & Flattening of CNTs 4
2.1 Block Diagram of Review Process 6

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LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Name of Table Page No.
4.1 Issue wise solution approaches and results 60

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LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

S. No. Abbreviation Full Form
1 AAO Anodic Aluminium Oxide
2 CNTs Carbon Nanotubes
3 CVD Chemical Vapor Deposition
4 DEP Dielectrophoresis
5 FET Field Effect Transistor
6 FTIR Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
7 MWCNTs Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes
8 NEMS Nano Electro Mechanical Systems
9 SEM Scanning Electron Microscope
10 SWCNTs Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes
11 TEM Transmission Electron Microscope

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