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Lead Acid Batteries For Stationary Applications PDF
Lead Acid Batteries For Stationary Applications PDF
This standard details methods for defining the dc loads and for sizing a lead-acid battery to supply those loads in full
float operation. A brief description of the methods presented by the standard is provided below. For a full and
accurate description, refer to the full standard.
The minimum battery voltage is the minimum system voltage (including voltage drops across cables). Given the
minimum cell voltage the minimum cell voltage is given by:
Temperature Correction - at temperature decreases the capacity of a cell decreases (and vise verse as the
temperature increases). Manufacturers quote cell capacity at a given temperature and appropriate correction factors
should be used for other temperatures.
Aging Factor - battery performance is relatively stable through out its life, dropping of rapidly towards the end. To
ensure the battery can meet the design requirements throughout its life the standard suggestions the initial capacity
should be 125% of the design capacity.
Design Margin - to cater for unexpected circumstances (increased loads, poor maintenance, recent discharge, etc.)
it is common to allow a design margin of 10% to 15%.
Sizing Methodology - the required capacity of the cell FS is given by:
Where S can be any integer from 1 to N depending on the section being calculated and FS is expressed in watt-hours
or ampere-hours depending on which Ct is used.
The required uncorrected cell size F, is then given by:
where:
giving:
Term Kt
o
The term Kt is the ratio of ampere-hour capacity, at a standard time rate, at 25 C and to a defined minimum voltage
which can be delivered for t minutes.
giving:
Where:
VA = VA of the load
pf = power factor
η = efficiency of the UPS
N = Number of cells
Al = any addition load connected to the batteries (in VA)
Where:
VA = VA of the load
pf = power factor
η = efficiency of the UPS inverter (dc to ac)
Vdc = Average Discharge Voltage
Al = any addition load connected to the batteries (in A)