TOEFL

A. Definition
TOEFL is abbreviation of Test Of English as a Foreign Language, created by ETS
(Educational Testing Service), an institution in the United States. This TOEFL test
is one of requirement for study abroad (undergraduate or graduate), Screening
scholarship program or student exchange abroad, Standard of readiness to follow
English academic program. The TOEFL test is oriented towards American English,
in contrast with the IELTS test that oriented towards British English. In general
these tests are used to assess :
1. The ability of students in writing and grammar in english to be able to make
scientific writing.
2. The ability of students to read english well and correctly. So that later they can
understand the textbook that are required.
3. The ability of students to listen english well and correctly about the description
given by lecturers in english
4. The ability of students to speak english well and correctly.

B. Types of Toefl Test

1) Paper Based Test (PBT)
PBT (Paper Based Test) is the most conventional TOEFL form. The test system
uses a paper sheet of questions and answers to be filled with a 2B pencil. The
material tested is listening, structure, and reading. But now, only a few countries
still apply TOEFL PBT.
2) Computer Based Test (CBT)
CBT (Computer Based Test) is a more practical form of PBT. TOEFL CBT
system no longer uses paper, but uses computer. All questions are displayed on
the screen using interactive software. Participants can directly work on the
computer. The material tested is listening, structure, reading, and writing.
3) Internet Based Test (IBT)
TOEFL IBT (Internet Based Test) also called the Next Generation TOEFL. This
Type format test became popular late 2005. This test is the latest form that uses
 computers and the internet as a medium. Test materials tested are reading,
listening, writing, and speaking. The structure material does not disappear, but
merges into four other materials. The tested problem is not only independent
test but also integrated test. Combination test means in one question there is
more than one material. In addition, there is also a prediction test or TOEFL
prediction test. This test is intended to estimate a person’s TOEFL score before
taking the actual test. Predictive tests are usually organized by language
institutes that organize TOEFL training.
4) Institutional Testing Program (ITP)
TOEFL ITP (Institutional Testing Program) usually organized by a trusted
college or institution of English. The tested question remains based on the
international model. Well, since this type of TOEFL is not recognized
internationally, you should find out whether your preferred university or
scholarship provider receives TOEFL ITP results. If accepted, you can enroll in
an English course institution or TOEFL ITP test center.
TOEFL Paper TOEFL Computer TOEFL Internet
Types
Based Test (PBT) Based Test (CBT) Based Test (iBT)
Computer and
Media Paper Computer
internet network
Score
310- 677 0 - 330 0 - 120
range
TWE is always there,
TWE is always there,
Test of the name is writing
the name is writing
Written Rarely used as a section. The score of
section. But the
English test material. writing section is
structure test is
(TWE) combined with the
deleted.
score structure.
Yes, in IBT there is
Speaking
Nothing Nothing speaking test. In this
test
test the participants
 will speak by
microphone.
The test begins The test can be The test can be
Test after the started anytime, started anytime,
started participant quota is without waiting for without waiting for
fulfiled. other participants other participants.
Cheaper than CBT Expensive than PBT, More expensive than
Price
and IBT but cheaper than IBT PBT and CBT

Bibliography :
1. http://www.geniustoefl.com/artikel-ilmu-kunci-toefl/artikel/pengantar-toefl/jenis-
format-toefl-ibt-pbt-cbt
2. http://edupacindonesia.com/edupac_news/4-jenis-toefl-test/
3. https://www.ef.co.id/englishfirst/englishstudy/toefl-bahasa-inggris.aspx
4. https://www.ets.org/toefl/ibt/about