Solution Workbook Practices of Elementary Teachers Manual 1

Solution Of Practice Exercises & Answers
Compiled from the Manual by

LESSON 1: COMPLETING THE WHOLE
Solution of Practices
Note : This solution workbook practices are extracted from Elementary

Teachers Manual of www. Vedicmaths .org
Practice A: Complete the following Addition.
a. 6+4 b. 4+16 c. 5+25 d. 13+7 e. 22+8

f. 38+2 g.54+6 h. 47+3 i.61+9 j.85+5
Sol. a. 6+4=10 ( By “Completion or Non completion Sutra” of VM)
b. 4+16
= 4+10+6
= 10+4+6
=10+10 (By “Completion or Non Completion Sutra” Of VM , 4 and 6
added to 10)
=20
c. 5+25
=5+20+5
=5+5+20
=10+20 (By “Completion or Non Completion sutra” of VM , 5and 5
added to 10)
=30
d. 13 +7
= 10+3+7
=10+10 (By “completion or Non-Completion of Sutra” of VM , 3 and 7
added to 10)
=20
e. 22+8
= 20+2+8
=20+10 ( By “Completion or Non Completion” Sutra of VM , 2 and 8
added to 10)
=30
f. 38+2
=30+8+2
=30+10 (By “Completion or Non completion “sutra of VM, 8 and 2
added to 10)
=40
g. 54+6
=50+4+6
= 50+10 (By “Completion or Non Completion “ Sutra of VM , 4 and 6
added to 10)
=60
h. 47+3
= 40+7+3
=40+10 (By “Completion or Non Completion” sutra of VM , 7 and 3
added to 10)
=50
i. 61+9
=60+1+9
=60+10 (By “Completion or Non Completion “ Sutra of VM , 1 and 9
added to 10)
=70
j. 85 + 5
= 80+5+5
=80+10 (By “Completion or Non Completion “ Sutra of VM ,5 and 5
added to 10)
=90
Practice B : Add the following.
a. 37+23 b. 42+28 c. 54+16 d. 49+21
e. 45+35 f. 72+18 g. 38+22 h.35+35
sol.
a. 37+23
= 30+20+7+3
=50+10 (By “Completion or Non-Completion “ Sutra of VM , 7 and 3
added to 10)
=60
b. 42+28
=40+20+2+8
=60+10 (By “Completion or Non-Completion “ sutra of VM , 2 and 8
added to 10)
=70
c. 54+16
=50+10+4+6
=60+10 (By “ Completion or Non- Completion “ sutra of VM , 4 and 6
added to 10)
=70
d. 49+21
= 40+20+9+1
=60+10 (By “Completion or Non- Completion “ sutra of VM , 9 and 1
added to 10)
=70
e. 45+35
= 40+30+5+5
=70+10 (By “Completion or Non- Completion “ sutra of VM ,5 and 5
added to 10)
=80
f. 72+18
= 70+10+2+8
=80+10 (By “Completion or Non-Completion “ sutra of VM , 2 and 8
added to 10)
=90
g. 38+22
=30+20+8+2
=50+10 (By “ Completion or Non-Completion” sutra of VM , 8 and 2
added to 10)
=60
h. 35+35
=30+30+5+5
=60+10 (By “Completion or Non-Completion” sutra of VM , 5 and 5
added to 10)
=70
Practice C. In the following exercise fill in the missing number.

a. 37 is close to …….. and is ………… below
b. 49 is close to …….. and is ………. below
c. 68 is close to ………. and is ………. below.
Sol. a. 37 is close to 40 and is 3 below .
By the Deficiency sutra of VM , 37 and 3 makes 40 , which is closer to
37.
b. 49 is close to 50 and is 1 below.

49.
c. 68 is close to 70 and is 2 below.

68.
Practice D:
a.49+5 b. 58+3 c. 37+6 d. 28+6
e. 79+6 f. 38+7 g.57+7 h. 69+4
sol.
a. 49+5
=49+1+4
= 50+4 (By Deficiency sutra of VM , 49 is close to 50 and is 1 below)
=54
b. 58+3
= 58+2+1
=60+1 ( By Deficiency sutra of VM , 58 is close to 60 and is 2 below.)
=61
c. 37+6
=37+3+3
=40+3 (By Deficiency sutra of VM , 37 is close to 40 and is 3 below)
=43
d. 28+6
=28+2+4
=34
e. 79+6
=79+1+5
=85
f. 38+7
= 38+2+5
=45
g. 57+7
=57+3+4
=60+4 ( By Deficiency sutra of VM , 57 is close to 60 and is 3 below)
=64
h. 69+4
=69+1+3
=73
Practice E : Add Mentally by first finding tens and then Units

a. 37+47 b. 55+28 c. 47+25 d. 29+36
e. 56+25 f. 38+26 g. 29+44 h. 35+49
sol. 37+47
= 30 +40+14
=70+14
=84
Another way also you can find mentally from left to Right
37+47
= 71 4
=84
b. 55+28
= 71 3
=83
c. 47+25
= 6 1 2
= 72
d. 29+36
= 5 1 5
= 65
e. 56 +25
= 711
= 81
f. 38+26
= 5 1 4
=64
g. 29+44
= 6 13
=73
h. 35+49
= 7 14
=84
Practice F : See how many you can find

a. 1+2+7 = 10 b. 1+1+8 =10
c. 1+3+6=10 d. 1+4+5=10
e. 2+2+6 = 10 f. 2+3+5 = 10
g. 2+4+4= 10 h. 3+3+4 = 10
Practice G: Try these

a. 3+2+8 b. 9+8+1 c. 7+2+4+3 d.4+5+5+7
e. 8+9+2 f. 7+6+2+4 g. 8+8+3+2 h. 7+6+3+4
i. 4+7+4+2 j.6+9+2+2 k. 7+5+1+2 l. 3+5+4+3
sol.
a. 3+2+8
= 3+10 (By “Completion or Non-Completion “ sutra of VM, 2 and 8
added to 10)
=13
b. 9+8+1
=8+10 (By Completion or Non – Completion “ Sutra of VM , 9 and 1
added to 10)
=18
c. 7+2+4+3
=2+4+10( By “ Completion or Non – Completion “ Sutra of VM , 7 and
3 added to 10)
= 16
d. 4+5+5+7
= 11+10 ( By “ completion or Non-Completion “ sutra of VM , 5 and 5
added to 10)
= 21
e.8+9+2
= 9+10 ( By “ Completion or Non-Completion “ sutra of VM , 8 and 2
added to 10)
= 19
f. 7+6+2+4
= 9+10 ( By “ Completion or Non- Completion “ sutra of VM , 6 and 4
added to 10)
= 19
g. 8+8+3+2
= 11+10 ( By “ Completion or Non Completion “ sutra of VM , 8 and 2
added to 10)
=21
h. 7+6+3+4
= 10+10 (By “Completion or Non- Completion” sutra of VM , 7 and 3
added to 10 and 6 and 4 added to 10)
= 20
i. 4+7+4+2
= 7+10 ( 4,4,2 added to 10)
=17
j. 6+9+2+2
= 9+10 ( 6,2,2 added to 10)
= 19
k. 7+5+1+2
=5+10( 7,1,2 added to 10)
= 15
l. 3+5+4+3
= 5+10 ( 3,4,3 added to 10)
= 15
Practice H: Use the method of Completing whole to add the

following numbers.
a. 29+7+1+5 b. 16+3+6+17 c. 8+51+12+3
d. 37+7+21+13 e. 13+16+17+24 f. 12+26+34+8
g. 33+25+22+15 h. 18+13+14+23 i. 3+9+5+7+1
j. 27+15+23 k. 43+8+19+11 l. 32+15+8+4
m. 24+7+8+6+13 n. 6+33+24+17 o. 23+48+27
sol. a. 29+7+1+5
= 30+12 ( 29 and 1 makes 30 , a whole number then add 30 with 7
then 5 )
= 42
b. 16+3+6+17
= 20+22 ( 17 and 3 makes 20 , then add 20 with 16 then 6)
= 42
c. 8+51+12+3
= 20+54 ( 12 and 8 makes 20 , then add 20with 51 then 3)
= 74
d. 37+7+21+13
= 78
e. 13+16+17+24
= 30+40 ( 13 and 17 makes 30 , 16 and 24 makes 40 ,then add 30
with 40 )
= 70
f. 12+26+34+8
=20+60 ( 12 and 8 makes 20 , 26 and 34 makes 60 , then add 20
with 60)
=80
g. 33+25+22+15
= 95
h. 18+13+14+23
= 50+18 ( 13, 14and 23 makes 50 then add 50 with 18)
= 68
i. 3+9+5+7+1
= 10 +10+5 ( 3 and 7 makes 10 , 9 and 1 makes 10 then add 10 with
10 then 5)
= 25
j. 27+15+23
= 50+15 ( 27 and 23 makes 50 , then add 50 with 15)
=65
k. 43+8+19+11
= 30+51( 19 and 11 makes 30 , then add 30 with 43 then 8)
= 81
l. 32+15+8+4
=40+19 ( 32 and 8 makes 40 , the add 40 with 15 then 4)
=59
m. 24+7+8+6+13
= 30+20+8 ( 24 and 6 makes 30 , 7 and 13 makes 20 then add 30
with 20 then 8)
= 58
n. 6+33+24+17
= 30+50 ( 6 and 24 makes 30 , 33 and 17 makes 50 then add 30
with 50)
=80
o. 23+48+27
= 50+ 48 ( 23 and 27 makes 50 then add 50 with 48)
=98
Practice I : Try these completing the whole.

a. 4 4 b. 3 5 c. 4 8
2 2 7 6 3 8
6 5 4 5 6 2
8 6 ………………….. 7 1
………………….. 14 16 …………………
20 1 7 ……………….. 20 1 9
…………………… 156 …………………..
217 219
d. 6 3 2 7 e. 5 4 9
5 8 4 1 8 2
7 4 3 3 1 7
…………………………… 2 4 1
6 15 14 1 4 7 2 6
………………………………. 3 2 1
76 5 4 …………………………
21 21 26
………………………..
2 3 3 6
In a.) 4 and 6 makes 10 , 10 added to 5 and 2 gives 17. Write 7 and

carry 1 .In tens column 4 and 6 makes 10 , 2 and 8 makes 10 .add 10
with 10 and then add with carry 1, we get 21
In b) 5 and 5 makes 10 , 10 added to gives 16 ,write 6 and carry 1. In

tens column 3 and 7 makes 10 added with 4 gives 14 , then added
with carry 1 gives 15.
In c) 8and 2 makes 10 , added to 8 and 1 gives 19.write 9 and carry 1
.In tens column 4and 6 makes 10 , 3 and 7 makes 10 . add 10 with
10 and then add with carry 1 gives 21.
In d) 7 and 3 makes 10 added to 4 gives 14. Write 4 and carry 1.In

tens column 2 and 8 makes 10 , added to 4 gives 14 then add with
carry 1 gives 15. Write 5 and carry 1 .In hundreds column 3 and 7
makes 10 , added to 5 gives 15 , then add with carry 1 gives 16 . write
6 and carry 1. Add 6 with cay gives 7. Write 7
In e) 9 and 1 makes 10 , 7,2,and 1 makes 10 , Add 10 with 10 and 6

gives 26. Write 6 and carry 2 . in tens column 8 and 2 makes 10 , 4 ,
4, and 2 makes 10 , add 10 with 10 and 1 gives 21 then added to
carry 2 gives 23.write 3 and carry 2. In hundreds column 5,3 and 2
makes 10 , 7 and 3 makes 10 , add 10 with 10 and 1 gives 21 then
add with carry 2 gives 23.write 23.
Practice J: Try these
a. 4 7 b. 3 5 c. 4 8
2 3 2 8 3 9
3 6 5 7 8 8
3 6 3 2 7 1
………………….. ……………… ………………….
12 2 2 13 2 2 2 2 2 6
…………………… …………….. …………………..
142 1 5 2 2 4 6
d. 3 3 2 7 e. 2 4 2
2 5 7 7 1 8 8
5 8 5 1 1 5
3 8 3 2 4 3
…………………………. 7 9 6
5 16 25 2 2 3 2 1
…………………………. …………………………
687 2 16 2825
…………………………
1905
In a) 7 and 3 makes 10 ,added to 6 and 6 gives 22 . write 2 and carry
2. In tens column 4 , 3and 3 makes 10, added to 2 and then carry 2
gives 14 . write 14 .
In b) 8 and 2 makes 10 , added to 5 and 7 gives 22 .write 2 and carry

2 . In tens column , 3 , 2 and 5 makes 10 , added to 3 and then carry
2 gives 15 . write 15
In c) 9 and 1 makes 10 , added to 8 and 8 gives 26 . write 6 and carry

2 .In tens column 3 and 7 makes 10 , added to 4 and 8 and carry 2
gives 24.write 24
In d) 7 and 3 makes 10 ,added to 7 and 5 gives 22. Write 2 and carry

2. In tens column 2 and 8 makes 10 , added to 7 and 8 and then with
carry 2 gives 27. Write 7 and carry 2. In hundreds column 5and 5
makes 10 , added to 3 and 3 and carry 2 gives 18 . write 8 and carry
1 . In thousands column add 3 , 2 and carry 1 gives 6. Write 6.
In e) 2and 8 makes 10 , 3, 6 and 1 makes 10 , add 10 with 10 and 5

gives 25. Write 5 and carry 2. In tens column 8 and 2 makes 10 , 9
and 1 makes 10 , added to 4 and 4 gives 28 and then add with carry
2 gives 30 . write 0 and carry 3. In hundreds column 7 and 3 makes
10 , added to 2 , 1, 1and 2 gives 16 and then add with carry 3 gives
19. Write 19
Practice K: Try some ( Hint : Add 10 and step back by 1)

a. 55+9 b. 64+9 c. 45+9 d. 73+9
e. 82+9 f. 26+9 g. 67+9 h.38+9
sol. a. 55+9
= 55+10-1 ( By Addition and by Subtraction sutra of VM)
= 64
b. 64+9
= 64+10-1 ( By addition and by Subtraction sutra of VM)
=73
c. 45+9
=45+10-1 ( By Addition and by Subtraction sutra of VM)
= 54
d. 73+9
= 73+10-1 ( By addition and by Subtraction sutra of VM)
= 82
e. 82+9
= 82+10-1 ( By Addition and by Subtraction Sutra of VM)
=91
f. 26+9
=35
g. 67+9
=76
h. 38+9
= 47
Practice L: Add these( hint: Add a multiple of 10 and step back by

1)
a. 44+19 b. 55+29 c. 36+49 d. 73+19
e.47+39 f. 26+59 g. 17+69 h.28+29
sol. a. 44+19
= 44 +20-1 ( 19 and 1 makes 20, multiple of 10)
=63
b. 55+29
= 55+30-1 ( 29 and 1 makes 30)
=84
c. 36+49
=36+50-1 ( 49 and 1 makes 50 , multiple of 10)
=85
d. 73+19
=73+20-1 ( 19 and 1 makes 20,multiple of 10)
=92
e. 47+39
= 47+40-1 ( 39 and 1 makes 40 , multiple of 10)
= 86
f. 26+59
=26+ 60-1 (59 and 1 makes 60, a multiple of 10)
= 85
g. 17+69
=17+70-1 ( 69 and 1 makes 70 , a multiple of 10)
=86
h. 28+29
=28+30-1 ( 29 and 1 makes 30 , a multiple of 10)
=57
Practice M: Add these ( Hint : Add multiples of 10 and step back)

a. 44+18 b. 44+27 c. 55+28 d. 35+37
e. 62+29 f. 36+37 g. 19+19 h. 28+29
sol. a. 44+18
= 44+20 – 2 ( 18 and 2 makes 20 , a whole number multiple of 10)
= 62
b. 44+27
= 44 +30-3 (27 and 3 makes 30 , a whole number multiple of 10)
=71
c. 55+28
= 55+30-2 ( 28 and 2 makes 30 , a whole number multiple of 10)
= 83
d. 35+37
=35+40-3 ( 37 and 3 makes 40, a whole number multiple of 10)
=72
e. 62+29
=62+30-1 ( 29 and 1 makes 30 , a whole number multiple of 10)
=91
f. 36+37
= 73
g. 19+19
= 19 +20-1( 19 and 1 makes 20 , a whole number multiple of 10)
= 38
h. 28+29
= 57
Practice N: Add these (Hint : find the nearest multiple of 10 for the
appropriate side number and add it to other side number , finally step
back.
a. 39+44 b. 33+38 c. 48+35 d. 27+34
e. 33+28 f. 9+73 g.18+19 h. 26+27
sol. 39+44
=83
b. 33+38
=71
c. 48+35
=83
d. 27+34
=61
e. 33+28
= 61
f. 9+73
= 82
g. 18+19
= 37
h. 26+27
= 26+30-3 (27 and 3 makes 30 , a whole number multiple of 10)
= 53
Practice O :Try these subtractions using nearest multiple of 10
a. 44-19 b. 66-29 c. 88-49 d. 55-9
e. 52-28 f. 72-48 g. 66-38 h. 81-58
i. 83-36 j. 90-66 k. 55-27 l. 60-57
sol. a. 44-19
=44-20+1 ( 19 and 1 makes 20 , a whole number multiple of 10)
= 25
b. 66-29
=66-30+1 ( 29and 1 makes 30 , a whole number multiple of 10)
= 37
c. 88-49
= 88-50+1 ( 49 and 1 makes 50 , a whole number multiple of 10)
=39
d. 55-9
= 55-10+1( 9 and 1 makes 10 , a whole number multiple of 10)
= 46
e. 52-28
= 24
f. 72-48
= 24
g. 66-38
= 28
h. 81-58
=81-60+2 ( 58 and 2 makes 60 , a whole number multiple of 10)
= 23
i. 83-36
= 47
j. 90-66
= 90-70+4 ( 66 and 4 makes 70 , a whole number multiple of 10 )
= 24
k.55- 27
= 55- 30+3 ( 27 and 3 makes 30 , a whole number multiple of 10)
= 28
l. 60-57
=3
LESSON 2
DOUBLING AND HALVING
Practice A: Double the following Just write down the answer.

a. 24 b. 41 c. 14 d. 45 e. 15 f.25
g. 36 h. 27 i.18 j. 29 k. 34 l. 48
sol. a. Double of 24 is 24+24= 24 × 2 = 48

b. Double of 41= 41 × 2 = 82
c. Double of 14 is 14 × 2= 28
d. Double of 45 is 45 × 2= 90
e. Double of 15 is 15 × 2= 30
f. Double of 25 is 25 × 2= 50
g. Double of 36 is 36 × 2 = 72
h. Double of 27 is 27 × 2 = 54
i. Double of 18 is 18 × 2= 36
j. Double of 29 is 29 × 2 = 58
k. Double of 34 is 34 × 𝟐 = 68
l. Double of 48 is 48 × 2 = 96
Practice B: Double the following.

a. 58 b.61 c. 73 d. 65 e.66 f. 88
g. 76 h.91 i.380
sol. a. Double of 58 = Double of 50+Double of 8

= 100 + 16
=116
b. Double of 61 = 120+2= 122
c. Double of 73 = 140+6 =146
d. Double of 65 = 120+10=130
e. Double of 66 = 120+12= 132
f. Double of 88 is 160+16 = 176
g. Double of 76 is 140+ 12 = 152
h. Double of 91 is 180+2=182
I Double of 380 is 600+160= 760
Practice C: Double these
a. 362 b.453 c. 612 d. 319 e. 707
f. 610 g. 472 h. 626 i. 1234 j. 663
sol. a. Double of 362 is Double of 300+double of 60+Double of 2

= 600+120+4
=724
b. Double of 453 is 800+100+6 = 906
c. Double of 612 = 1200+20+4= 1224
d. Double of 319 = 600+20+18 = 638
e. Double of 707 = 1400+0+14 = 1414
f. Double of 610 = 1200+20+0 = 1220
g. Double of 472 = 800+140+4= 944
h. Double of 626= 1200+40+12= 1252
i. Double of 1234= 2000+400+60+8= 2468
j. Double of 663 = 1200+120+6= 1326
Practice D: Try these

a. 53 × 𝟒 b. 𝟐𝟖 × 𝟒 c. 𝟑𝟑 × 𝟒 d. 𝟔𝟏 × 𝟒
e. 𝟏𝟖 × 𝟒 f. 𝟖𝟏 × 𝟒 g. 𝟏𝟔 × 𝟒 h. 𝟏𝟔 × 𝟖
i. 𝟐𝟐 × 𝟖 j. 𝟒𝟓 × 𝟖
sol. a. 53 × 𝟒 = 𝟓𝟑 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟔 × 𝟐 = 𝟐𝟏𝟐 ( Doubling 2 times

“Proportionately “ Sutra of VM)
b. 𝟐𝟖 × 𝟒 = 𝟐𝟖 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 = 𝟓𝟔 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏𝟐
c. 33 × 𝟒 = 𝟑𝟑 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟑𝟐
d. 61 × 𝟒 = 𝟔𝟏 𝒙 𝟐 𝒙 𝟐 = 𝟐𝟒𝟒
e. 18 × 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟖 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 = 𝟕𝟐
f. 81 × 𝟒 = 𝟖𝟏 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 = 𝟑𝟐𝟒
g. 16 × 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟔 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 = 𝟔𝟒
h. 16 × 𝟖 = 𝟏𝟔 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐𝟖
i. 𝟐𝟐 × 𝟖 = 𝟐𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟕𝟔 ( Doubling 3 times “ Proportionately “
sutra of VM)
j. 𝟒𝟓 × 𝟖 = 𝟒𝟓 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎
Practice E: Multiply the following.
a. 𝟖 𝟏⁄𝟐 × 𝟒 b. 11𝟏⁄𝟐 × 𝟖 c. 𝟏𝟗 𝟏⁄𝟐 × 𝟒
d. 𝟐 𝟏⁄𝟒 × 𝟒 e. 𝟓 𝟏⁄𝟐 × 𝟖 f. 𝟗 𝟏⁄𝟐 × 𝟒
g. 𝟑𝟎 𝟏⁄𝟐 × 𝟒 h. 3𝟏⁄𝟒 × 𝟒
sol. a. 𝟖 𝟏⁄𝟐 × 𝟒 = 𝟑𝟐 + 𝟐 = 𝟑𝟒 ( Doubling 8𝟏⁄𝟐 two times “Proportionately

“ sutra of VM)
b. 𝟏𝟏 𝟏⁄𝟐 × 𝟖 = 𝟖𝟖 + 𝟒 = 𝟗𝟐 ( Doubling 𝟏𝟏 𝟏⁄𝟐 three times
“ Proportionately” sutra of VM)
c. 𝟏𝟗 𝟏⁄𝟐 × 𝟒 = 𝟕𝟔 + 𝟐 = 𝟕𝟖
d. 𝟐 𝟏⁄𝟒 × 𝟒 = 𝟖 + 𝟏 = 𝟗
e. 𝟓 𝟏⁄𝟐 × 𝟖 = 𝟒𝟎 + 𝟒 = 𝟒𝟒
f. 𝟗 𝟏⁄𝟐 × 𝟒 = 𝟑𝟔 + 𝟐 = 𝟑𝟖
g. 𝟑𝟎 𝟏⁄𝟐 × 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎 + 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐𝟐
h. 𝟑 𝟏⁄𝟒 × 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟏 = 𝟏𝟑
Practice F : Find half of the following numbers.

a. 10 b. 6 c.40 d. 14 e. 50
f. 90
sol. Half of 10 = 5 ( Halving of number comes from “Proportionately”

sutra of VM)
b. Half of 6 = 3
c. Half of 40 = 20
d. half of 14 = 7
e. Half of 50 = 25
f. Half of 90 = Half of 80+Half of 10= 40+5=45
Practice G : Try to Half of these numbers.

a. 36 b.28 c.52 d. 18 e.34
f. 86 g.56 h.32 i. 62 j.98
sol. Half of 36= Half of 30+Half of 6 = 15+3=18

b. Half of 28 = Half of 20+Half of 8=10+4=14
c. Half of 52 = Half of 50+Half of 2= 25+1=26
d. Half of 18= 5+4=9
e. Half of 34= 15+2=17
f. Half of 86=40+3=43
g. Half of 56 = 25+3=28
h. Half of 32=15+1=16
i. Half of 62=30+1=31
j. Half of 98=45+4=49
Practice H: Halve the Following Numbers . Try to do them in your

head.
a. 164 b.820 c. 216 d. 152
e.94 f. 326 g. 234 h.416
i. 380 j. 256 k. 456 l.57
sol. Half of 164 = Half of 100+Halfof 60+ Half of 4= 50+30+2= 82

b. Half of 820 = 400+10=410
c. Half of 216=100+5+3=108
d. Half of 152 = 50+ 25+1=76
e. Half of 94=45+2=47
f. Half of 326 = 150+10+3= 163
g. Half of 234 = 100+15+2=117
h. Half of 416= 200+5+3= 208
i. Half of 380 = 150+40=190
j. Half of 256 = 100+ 25+ 3 = 128
k. Half of 456 = 200+25+3= 228
l. Half of 57 = 25 +3𝟏⁄𝟐= 28𝟏⁄𝟐
Practice I :Use Halving to do the following division.

Divide by 4
a. 56 b. 68 c.84 d. 180
e. 244
Divide by 8
f. 120 g. 440 h. 248 i. 216
j. 44
sol. a. 56 Divide by 4 ( Halving number two times “ Proportionately
“Sutra of VM)
= Half of 56is 28 , Half of 28 is 14
𝟓𝟔 ÷ 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟒
b. Half of 68 is 34 , Half of 34 is 17
𝟔𝟖 ÷ 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟕
c. Half of 84 is 42 , Half of 42 is 21
𝟖𝟒 ÷ 𝟒 = 𝟐𝟏
d. Half of 180 is 90 , Half of 90 is 45

𝟏𝟖𝟎 ÷ 𝟒 = 𝟒𝟓
e. Half of 244 is 122 , Half of 122 is 61

𝟐𝟒𝟒 ÷ 𝟒 = 𝟔𝟏
Divide by 8 ( Halving number three times)

f. half of 120 is 60 , Half of 60 is 30 , Half of 30 is 15
𝟏𝟐𝟎 ÷ 𝟖 = 𝟏𝟓
g. Half of 440 is 220 , Half of 220 is 110 ,Half of 110 is 55

𝟒𝟒𝟎 ÷ 𝟖 = 𝟓𝟓
h. Half of 248 is 124 , Half of 124 is 62 , Half of 62 is 31

𝟐𝟒𝟖 ÷ 𝟖 = 𝟑𝟏
i. Half of 216 is 108 , Half of 108 is 54, Half of 54 is 27
𝟐𝟏𝟔 ÷ 𝟖 = 𝟐𝟕
j. Half of 44 is 22 , Half of 22 is 11 , Half of 11 is 𝟓 𝟏⁄𝟐

𝟒𝟒 ÷ 𝟖 = 𝟓 𝟏⁄𝟐
Practice J: Find the following

a. 𝟏𝟔 × 𝟕 b. 𝟏𝟖 × 𝟔 c. 𝟏𝟒 × 𝟕 d. 𝟏𝟐 × 𝟗
e.𝟒 × 𝟏𝟒 f. 𝟔 × 𝟏𝟔 g. 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟖 h. 𝟗 × 𝟏𝟒
sol. 𝟏𝟔 × 𝟕 = 𝟐 × 𝟖 × 𝟕 = 𝟐 × 𝟓𝟔 = 𝟏𝟏𝟐
b. 𝟏𝟖 × 𝟔 = 𝟐 × 𝟗 × 𝟔 = 𝟐 × 𝟓𝟒 = 𝟏𝟎𝟖
c. 𝟏𝟒 × 𝟕 = 𝟐 × 𝟕 × 𝟕 = 𝟐 × 𝟒𝟗 = 𝟗𝟖
d. 𝟏𝟐 × 𝟗 = 𝟐 × 𝟔 × 𝟗 = 𝟐 × 𝟓𝟒 = 𝟏𝟎𝟖
e. 𝟒 × 𝟏𝟒 = 𝟒 × 𝟕 × 𝟐 = 𝟐𝟖 × 𝟐 = 𝟓𝟔
f. 𝟔 × 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟐 × 𝟑 × 𝟐 × 𝟖 = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟐𝟒 = 𝟐 × 𝟒𝟖 = 𝟗𝟔
g. 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟖 = 𝟕 × 𝟗 × 𝟐 = 𝟔𝟑 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐𝟔
h. 𝟗 × 𝟏𝟒 = 𝟗 × 𝟕 × 𝟐 = 𝟔𝟑 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐𝟔
Practice K: Find the following

a. 𝟏𝟔 × 𝟏𝟖 b.𝟏𝟒 × 𝟏𝟔 c. 𝟏𝟐 × 𝟏𝟖 d. 𝟏𝟔 × 𝟏𝟐
sol. a. 𝟏𝟔 × 𝟏𝟖 = 𝟐 × 𝟗 × 𝟐 × 𝟖 = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟕𝟐 = 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟒𝟒 = 𝟐𝟖𝟖 ( Doubling 72

twice)
b. 𝟏𝟒 × 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟐 × 𝟕 × 𝟐 × 𝟖 = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟓𝟔 = 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟏𝟐 = 𝟐𝟐𝟒
c. 𝟏𝟐 × 𝟏𝟖 = 𝟐 × 𝟔 × 𝟐 × 𝟗 = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟓𝟒 = 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟖 = 𝟐𝟏𝟔
d. 𝟏𝟔 × 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟐 × 𝟖 × 𝟐 × 𝟔 = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟒𝟖 = 𝟐 × 𝟗𝟔 = 𝟏𝟗𝟐
Practice L: Multiply the following

a. 𝟔𝟖 × 𝟓 b. 𝟒𝟐 × 𝟓 c. 𝟑𝟔 × 𝟓 d. 𝟒𝟐𝟔 × 𝟓
e.𝟖. 𝟔 × 𝟓 f. 𝟓. 𝟒 × 𝟓 g. 𝟒. 𝟔𝟖 × 𝟓 h. 𝟎. 𝟔𝟔 × 𝟓
sol. a. 5 is half of 10
𝟔𝟖 × 𝟓 = 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒐𝒇 𝟔𝟖𝟎 = 𝟑𝟒𝟎
b. 𝟒𝟐 × 𝟓 = 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒐𝒇 𝟒𝟐𝟎 = 𝟐𝟏𝟎

c. 𝟑𝟔 × 𝟓 = 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒐𝒇 𝟑𝟔𝟎 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎
d. 𝟒𝟐𝟔 × 𝟓 = 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒐𝒇 𝟒𝟐𝟔𝟎 = 𝟐𝟏𝟑𝟎
e. 𝟖. 𝟔 × 𝟓 = 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒐𝒇 𝟖𝟔 = 𝟒𝟑
f. 𝟓. 𝟒 × 𝟓 = 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒐𝒇 𝟓𝟒 = 𝟐𝟕
g. 𝟒. 𝟔𝟖 × 𝟓 = 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒐𝒇 𝟒𝟔. 𝟖 = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟒
h. 𝟎. 𝟔𝟔 × 𝟓 = 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒐𝒇 𝟔. 𝟔 = 𝟑. 𝟑
Practice M : Multiply the following

a. 𝟒𝟔 × 𝟓𝟎 b. 𝟖𝟔𝟒 × 𝟓𝟎 c. 𝟕𝟐 × 𝟐𝟓 d. 𝟖𝟓 × 𝟐𝟓
e. 𝟖𝟔. 𝟖 × 𝟓𝟎 f. 𝟒. 𝟐 × 𝟓𝟎 g. 𝟑𝟒. 𝟓𝟔 × 𝟓𝟎 h.𝟐. 𝟖 × 𝟐𝟓
sol. 50 is half of 100 , multiply by 50 is half of 100
a. 𝟒𝟔 × 𝟓𝟎 = 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒐𝒇 𝟒𝟔𝟎𝟎 = 𝟐𝟑𝟎𝟎
b. 𝟖𝟔𝟒 × 𝟓𝟎 = 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒐𝒇 𝟖𝟔𝟒𝟎𝟎 = 𝟒𝟑𝟐𝟎𝟎
c. 𝟕𝟐 × 𝟐𝟓 = 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒐𝒇 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒐𝒇 𝟕𝟐𝟎𝟎 = 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒐𝒇 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎
d. 𝟖𝟓 × 𝟐𝟓 = 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒐𝒇 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒐𝒇 𝟖𝟓𝟎𝟎 = 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒐𝒇 𝟒𝟐𝟓𝟎 = 𝟐𝟏𝟐𝟓
e. 𝟖𝟔. 𝟖 × 𝟓𝟎 = 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒐𝒇 𝟖𝟔𝟖𝟎 = 𝟒𝟑𝟒𝟎
f. 𝟒. 𝟐 × 𝟓𝟎 = 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒐𝒇 𝟒𝟐𝟎 = 𝟐𝟏𝟎
g. 𝟑𝟒. 𝟓𝟔 × 𝟓𝟎 = 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒐𝒇 𝟑𝟒𝟓𝟔 = 𝟏𝟕𝟐𝟖
h. 𝟐. 𝟖 × 𝟐𝟓 = 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒐𝒇 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒐𝒇 𝟐𝟖𝟎 = 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒐𝒇 𝟏𝟒𝟎 = 𝟕𝟎
Practice N: Divide by 5
a. 65 b. 135 c. 375 d. 470
e. 505 f. 4005 g.1235 h. 7070
i.885 j. 49 k.52 l. 22.2
sol. 5 is half of 10 , divide by 5 is double the number and then

divide by 10
a. 𝟔𝟓 ÷ 𝟓 =
Double of 65 is 130 , Divide 130 by 10 is 13
So 𝟔𝟓 ÷ 𝟓 = 𝟏𝟑
b. Double of 135 is 270 , Divide by 10 is 27

so 𝟏𝟑𝟓 ÷ 𝟓 = 𝟐𝟕
c. Double of 375 is 750 ,Divide by10 is 75

so 𝟑𝟕𝟓 ÷ 𝟓 = 𝟕𝟓
d. Double of 470 is 940 ,divide by 10is 94

so 𝟒𝟕𝟎 ÷ 𝟓 = 𝟗𝟒
e. Double of 505 = 1010 , divide by 10 is 101

so 𝟓𝟎𝟓 ÷ 𝟓 = 𝟏𝟎𝟏
f. Double of 4005 is 8010 ,Divide by 10 is 801

so 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟓 ÷ 𝟓 = 𝟖𝟎𝟏
g. Double of 1235 is 2470 , Divide by 10 is 247

so 𝟏𝟐𝟑𝟓 ÷ 𝟓 = 𝟐𝟒𝟕
h. Double of 7070 is 14140 , divide by 10 is 1414

so 𝟕𝟎𝟕𝟎 ÷ 𝟓 = 𝟏𝟒𝟏𝟒
i. Double of 885 is 1770 , divide by 10 is 177

so 𝟖𝟖𝟓 ÷ 𝟓 = 𝟏𝟕𝟕
j. Double of 49 is 98, divide by 10 is 9.8

so 𝟒𝟗 ÷ 𝟓 = 𝟗. 𝟖
k. Double of 52 is 104 , divide by 10 is 10.4

so 𝟓𝟐 ÷ 𝟓 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟒
l. Double of 22.2 is 44.4 , Divide by 10 is 4.44

so 𝟐𝟐. 𝟐 ÷ 𝟓 = 𝟒. 𝟒𝟒
Practice O: Divide by 50
a. 650 b.1250 c.3300 d.8.8
e.44 f. 77
Divide by 25
g. 225 h .550 i. 44 k. 137
l. 6
sol. 50 is half of 100 , divide by 50 is double the number and then
divide by 100
a. Double of 650 is 1300 , Divide by 100 is 13
so 𝟔𝟓𝟎 ÷ 𝟓𝟎 = 𝟏𝟑
b. Double of 1250 is 2500 , divide by 100 is 25

so 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟎 ÷ 𝟓𝟎 = 𝟐𝟓
c. Double of 3300 is 6600 , divide by 100 is 66

so 𝟑𝟑𝟎𝟎 ÷÷ 𝟓𝟎 = 𝟔𝟔
d. Double of 8.8 is 17.6 , divide by 100 is 0.176

so 𝟖. 𝟖 ÷ 𝟓𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕𝟔
e. Double of 44 is 88 , divide by 100 is 0.88
so 𝟒𝟒 ÷ 𝟓𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟖
f. Double of 77 is 154 , divide by 100 is 1.54

so 𝟕𝟕 ÷ 𝟓𝟎 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟒
Divide by 25
25 is Half of half of 100 ,Divide by 25 is doubling a number twice
and then divide by 100
g. Double of 225 is 450 , double of 450 is 900
Divide by 100 is 9
So 𝟐𝟐𝟓 ÷ 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟗
h. Double of 550 is 1100 , double of 1100 is 2200

Divide by 100 is 22
So 𝟓𝟓𝟎 ÷ 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟐𝟐
i. Double of 44 is88 , Double of 88 is 176

Divide by 100 is 1.76
So 𝟒𝟒 ÷ 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟔
j. Double of 137 is 274 , Double of 274 is 548

So 𝟏𝟑𝟕 ÷ 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟓. 𝟒𝟖
k. Double of 6 is 12 , double of 12 is 24
So 𝟔 ÷ 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟒
LESSON : 3
DIGIT SUMS
Practice A: Find the Digit sum of the following numbers.
Number Digit Sum

13 1+3=4
241 2+4+1=7
171 1+7+1=9
242 2+4+2=8
303 3+0+3=6
1213 1+2+1+3=7
900 9+0+0=9
Practice B: Find the digit sum of the following numbers.

Number Digit Sum
83 8+3=11=1+1=2
614 6+1+4=11=1+1=2
345 3+4+5=12=1+2=3
5555 5+5+5+5=20=2+0=2
78 7+8=15=1+5=6
2379 2+3+7+9=21=2+1=3
521832 5+2+1+8+3+2= 21=2+1=3
999 9+9+9=27=2+7=9
Practice C: Find Digit sums of the numbers below. Use casting out
9’s.
Number Digit Sum
39 3 ( cast out 9)
93 3 ( cast out 9)
993 3 ( cast out all 9)
9993 3
9329 3+2=5 ( cast out all 9)
941992 4+1+2=7 ( cast out all 9)
79896 7+8+6=21=2+1=3
Practice D: Use casting out 9’s to find the digit sum of the following
numbers.
Number Digit Sum
465 6 (4 and5 makes 9 cast it out 9)
274 4( 2 and 7 makes 9 cast it out)
3335 5( 3,3,and 3 makes 9 cast it out 9)
6193 1( 6,3 makes 9 cast it out all 9)
2532 3 ( 2,2,5 makes 9 cast it out)
819 9or 0( cast all 9, 1 and 8 makes9)
723 3( 7 and 2 makes 9, cast it out)
2346 6( 2,3 ,4 makes 9 , cast it out)

16271 1+6+1=8( 2 and 7 makes 9, cast it
out)
9653 5 ( 6and 3 makes 9 ,cast out all
9)
36247 4( 3and 6 , 2 and 7 makes 9, cast
out all 9)
215841 2+1=3(5 and 4 , 8 and 1 makes 9
, cast out all 9)
7152 1+5=6( 7 and 2 makes 9 , cast out
9)
9821736 0 or 9( 8 and 1 , 2 and 7, 3 and
6 makes 9 , cast it out all 9)
Practice E : In all of the following puzzles the answer is a two figure

number .some have more than one answer.You are given the digit sum
answer and other fact.
Digit Sum Other facts Number of answer Answer
5 Difference between figure is 2
3
6 Figures ae the same 1
6 First figure is double the 1
second
7 Difference between figure is 2
3
7 One figure is 4 2
6 Both figures are odd 3
5 Figures are consecutive 2
9 Figures are consecutive 2
3 One figure is double the 2
other
8 Answer is below 20 1
1 Number is less than 40 5
1 First figure is 2 1
Sol. Given Difference between figure is 3 and digit sum is 5

So numbers are 14 ,41 . as difference between digits is 4-1=3
Digit sum of 14 is 5 and 41 is also 5
b. Given figures of a number is same and digit sum is 6. Digit sum is 6

if 0+6 , 1+5,2+4,3+3+,4+2,5+1,6+0
in this case two figures are same in 3+3
so the number is 33
c. Given digit sum is 6 and first figure is double the second

The number is 42 as 1st figure is double the second.
d. Given digit sum is 7 , difference between figure is 3

numbers are 25 and 52
here difference is 52=3 and digit sum is 2+5=5+2=7
e. Given digit sum is 7 and one figure is 4

Numbers are 43 and 34 as digit sum is 3+4=4+3=7
f. Given digit sum is 6 and both figures are odd

Numbers are 15 , 33 ,51 . As both figures are odd and digit sum is 6
g. Given digit sum is 5 and figures are consecutive.

Numbers are 23 and 32 , as digit sum is 2+3=3+2=5
h. Given digit sum is 9 , figures are consecutive.

Numbers are 45 and 54 , as digit sum is 4+5=5+4=9
i. Given Digit sum is 3 one figure is double the other

Numbers are 12 and 21 as digit sum is 1+2=2+1=3
j. Given Digit sum is 8 and answer is below20 .

Number is 17 as digit sum is 1+7=8
k. Given digit sum is 1 and number is less than 40

Numbers are 10 , 19 , 28 , 37
All numbers are less than 40 digit sum is 1+0=2+8=3+7=1
l. Given Digit sum is 1 and first figure is 2

Number is 28 as digit sum is 2+8=10=1+0=1
Practice F: All answers ae 2 figure numbers.

Digit Sum Other Facts Answer
5 Number is between 20 and 30
8 Answer ends in 5
7 First figure is 2
2 Figures differ by 7( 2 answers
possible)
1 Answers in 7 x Table
3 First figure is 3 times the second
4 Number is in 5 x table
6 Figures are same
8 Last figure is 3 times the first
5 Number is in 8 x table
9 Ends in 7
3 both figures are odd(4 answers
possible)
Sol. a. Given Digit sum is 5 and number is between 20 and 30
b. Given digit sum is 8 and answer ends in 5

Number is 35 as number ends in 5 and digit sum is 3+5=8
c. Given digit sum is 7 and first figure is 2

d. Given digit sum is 2 and figures differ by 7(two answers possible)

Numbers are 29 and 92 as difference is 9-2=7
Digit sum is 2 ( casting out 9)
e. Given digit sum is 1 and answer is in 7 x table.

Number is 91 , 28which is 7 x 13 , 7x 4 in 7 x table
Digit sum of 91 is 1 ( casting out 9) and for 28 is 2+8=10=1
f. Given digit sum is 3 and 1st figure is 3 times the second

Number is 93 as 1st figure 9 is 3 times second figure i.e 9=3 x 3
Digit sum of 93 is 3( casting out 9)
g. Given digit sum is 4 and number is in 5 x table.

Number is 40 which is in 5 x table i.e 5 x 8 =40
Digit sum of 40 is 4
h. Given digit sum is 6 and figures ae same

number is 33 as digit sum is 3+3=6 and figures are also same.
i. Given digit sum is 8 and last figure is 3 times the first.

Number is 26 as last figure 6is 3 times 1st figure 2 i.e 6=2 x 3
Digit sum of 26 is 2+6=8
j. Digit sum is 5 and number is in 8x table.

Number is 32 which is in 8 x table i.e 8 x 4=32
Digit sum of 32 is 5
k. Digit sum is 9 and number ends in 7
l. Digit sum is 3 and both figures are odd.

Numbers are 39 , 93 , 57 , 75. Both figures are odd
Digit sum is 3+9=9+3=5+7=7+5=3
Practice G : Add the following and check your answers using digit
sum.
a. 6 6 12=3 b. 5 7 12=3 c. 9 4 13=4 d. 3 0 4 7
+ 7 7 14=5 + 2 9 2 + 5 8 13=4 + 2 7 1 1
…………………… ……………… …………………… …………………
13 13 7 16 14 12 575(17=1+7=8)
……………………… ……………… …………………..
14 3 (1+4+3=8) 86 (8+6=14=5) 152 (1+5+2=8)
e. 7 8 7 22=4 f. 3 8 9 11=2 g. 5 1 3 1 1 h. 4 5 6 6
+ 1 7 6 14=5 + 5 5 10=1 + 6 7 6 1 2 0 9 2
………………….. ………………….. ………………… …………………
8 15 13 3 13 14 5 7 10 7 6 5 15
………………….. ………………….. ………………… ………………..
963 (9) 444(4+4+4=3) 5807(5+8+0+7=2) 665 (6+6+5=8)
i. 555 5 20=2
+ 777 7 28=1
……………………
12121212
………………………………
13332 ( 1+3+3+3+2=3)
Practice H : Add the following and check your answer using digit
sum.
a. 3 5 3+5=8 b. 5 6 5+6=2 c. 3 5 3+5=8
+ 47 4+7=2 2 7 9 5 9 5
……………… ………………….. …………………….
7 12 7 13 8 14
……………… ………………….. ………………………
82 ( 8+2=1) 83 ( 8+3=2) 94 (4)
d. 5 2 5+2=7 e. 4 5 6 6 f. 1 8 8 1+8+8=8
2 4 2+4=6 3 33 9 2 7 7 2+7+7=7
……………………… ……………………………. ……………………….
7 6 ( 7+6=4) 7 8 9 ( 7+8=6) 3 15 15
……………………
465 ( 4+5+6=6)
g. 7 8 7+8=6 h. 6 6 6+6=3 i. 5 5 5 5+5+5=6

8 7 8+7=6 4 8 4+8=3 7 7 7+7 =5
………………. ………………. ……………………..
15 15 10 14 5 12 12
…………………. ………………… ……………………
165 (1+6+5=3) 114 (1+1+4=6) 6 3 2 (6+3+2=2)
j. 8 2 3 8+2+3=4 k. 3 7 6 0 (3+7+6+0=7)
3 7 3+7=1 4 8 1 (4+8+1=4)
………………… ………………………….
8 5 10 3 11 14 1
……………….. ……………………
8 6 0 (8+6=5) 4 2 4 1 (4+2+4+1=2)
Practice I : Multiply the following numbers and check each one

using the digit sum.
a. 8 8 8+8=7 b. 3 2 3+2=5 c. 7 3 7+3=1
× 8 8 × 3 3 × 4 4
…………… ………………… ……………………
64 64 9 6 (6) 28 12
…………… ……………………
7 0 4 (7+4=2) 2 9 2( 2+2+9=4)
d. 7 1 7 7+1+7=6 e. 2 3 4 2+3+4=9 f. 5 3 3 5+3+3=2

× 6 6 × 5 5 × 2 2
……………………. ……………….. ………………..
42 6 42 10 15 20 10 6 6 (1+6+6=4)
……………………. ………………….
4 3 0 2 ( 4+3+2=9) 1 1 7 0 ( 1+1+7=9)
g. 3 1 1 5 3+1+1+5 = 1 h. 1 4 2 8 5 7 9
× 3 3 × 7 7
……………………… ……………………………..
9 3 3 15 7 28 14 56 35 49
……………………. ……………………………….
9345 ( 3) 9 9 9 9 9 9 (9)
Practice J : Draw patterns fo the 9 numbers using the square

below. You can use different colours for each number.
Colour all 1s
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Colour all 2s
2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9
4 8 3 7 2 6 1 5 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9
5 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9 4 8 3 7 2 6 1 5 9
6 3 9 6 3 9 6 3 9 5 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9
7 5 3 1 8 6 4 2 9 6 3 9 6 3 9 6 3 9
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 7 5 3 1 8 6 4 2 9
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Colour all 3 s
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Colour all 4s
2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9
4 8 3 7 2 6 1 5 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9
5 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9 4 8 3 7 2 6 1 5 9
6 3 9 6 3 9 6 3 9 5 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9
7 5 3 1 8 6 4 2 9 6 3 9 6 3 9 6 3 9
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 7 5 3 1 8 6 4 2 9
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Colour all 5s
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Colour all 6s
2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9
4 8 3 7 2 6 1 5 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9
5 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9 4 8 3 7 2 6 1 5 9
6 3 9 6 3 9 6 3 9 5 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9
7 5 3 1 8 6 4 2 9 6 3 9 6 3 9 6 3 9
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 7 5 3 1 8 6 4 2 9
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Colour all 7s
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9
3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9
4 8 3 7 2 6 1 5 9
5 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9
6 3 9 6 3 9 6 3 9
7 5 3 1 8 6 4 2 9
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Colour all 8s
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Colour all 9s
2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9
2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9
4 8 3 7 2 6 1 5 9
3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9
5 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9
4 8 3 7 2 6 1 5 9
6 3 9 6 3 9 6 3 9
5 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9
7 5 3 1 8 6 4 2 9
6 3 9 6 3 9 6 3 9
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9
7 5 3 1 8 6 4 2 9
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
LESSON 4 LEFT TO RIGHT
Practice A: Add the following mentally from left to right.
a. 5 6 b. 8 8 c. 4 5 d. 5 4
+ 6 7 + 3 3 + 6 7 + 6 4
……………………. ………………. …………….. ……………..
11 13 11 11 10 12 118
…………………. ……………… ……………..
123 121 112
e. 3 9 f. 2 7 g. 7 7 h. 6 3
+ 4 9 + 5 6 + 8 8 + 7 4
……………. ……………… …………….. ……………..
7 18 7 13 15 15 13 7
………………… ……………… ……………..
88 83 1 6 5
Practice B: Add the following sums mentally from left to right.

a. 3 6 3 b. 8 1 9 c. 7 7 7
+ 4 5 6 + 9 1 8 + 4 4 4
…………………….. …………………. …………………..
7 11 9 17 2 17 11 11 11
…………………… ………………….. ……………………
819 1737 1221
d. 7 3 7 e. 3 4 5 f. 1 3 6 9
+ 1 3 9 9 3 7 + 3 8 8 3
…………………. ………………….. ……………………….
8 6 16 12 7 12 4 11 14 12
…………………. ……………………. ……………………….
876 1282 5252
g. 9 6 3 1 h. 4 4 4 4
+ 870 9 4 8 3 8
………………………. + 55 5
17 13 3 10 …………………..
………………………. 8 17 12 1 7
1834 0 …………………….
9 8 3 7
Practice C: Multiply the following from left to right

a. 2 7 b. 7 6 c. 2 6 d. 7 2
x 3 x 6 x 6 x 7
………………. ……………… …………….. …………….
6 21 42 36 12 36 49 14
………………. ………………. …………….. ………………
81 4 5 6 1 5 6 5 0 4
e. 7 8 f. 8 3 g. 6 4 2 h. 2 5 6
x 9 x 3 x 4 x 3
………………… ……………… …………….. ……………………
63 72 2 4 9 24 16 8 6 15 18
……………….. ………………….. ……………………
702 2568 7 6 8
i. 7 4 1 j. 2 2 3 k. 1 0 5 9 l. 8 6 3 1
x 3 x 9 x 7 x 4
…………………. ……………….. …………………… ……………………..
21 12 3 18 18 27 7 0 3 5 63 32 24 12 4
………………… ……………….. ………………….. …………………………
2223 2 0 0 7 7 4 1 3 3 4 5 2 4
m. 5 4 3 2 n. 4 0 9 7
x 8 x 7
…………………………. …………………………
40 32 24 16 28 0 63 49
…………………………. ………………………….
4345 6 2 8 6 7 9
Practice D : Multiply the following.
a. 𝟏𝟓 × 𝟏𝟖 b. 𝟏𝟓 × 𝟐𝟒 c. 𝟒𝟔 × 𝟏𝟓
d. 𝟖𝟐 × 𝟑𝟓 e. 𝟔𝟔 × 𝟏𝟓 f. 𝟏𝟐𝟒 × 𝟒𝟓
g. 𝟏𝟓 × 𝟓𝟒 h. 𝟓𝟓 × 𝟏𝟔 i. 𝟕𝟓 × 𝟏𝟖
j. 𝟒𝟒𝟔 × 𝟏𝟓 k. 𝟏𝟑𝟐 × 𝟑𝟓 l. 𝟖𝟓 × 𝟏𝟖
𝟏 𝟏
m. 𝟏𝟔 × 𝟒 𝟐 n. 𝟐𝟒 × 𝟑 o. £ 𝟒. 𝟓𝟎 × 𝟑𝟐
𝟐
sol. a. 𝟏𝟓 × 𝟏𝟖 = 𝟑𝟎 × 𝟗 = 𝟐𝟕𝟎
(Using Doubling and Halving , double 15 and half 18 )
b. Using Doubling and halving , double 15 and half 24 , we get

𝟏𝟓 × 𝟐𝟒 = 𝟑𝟎 × 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎
c. Using Doubling and halving , double 30 and half 46 , we get

𝟒𝟔 × 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟑𝟎 × 𝟐𝟑 = 𝟔𝟗𝟎
d. Using Doubling and Halving , double 35 and half 82 , we get

𝟖𝟐 × 𝟑𝟓 = 𝟒𝟏 × 𝟕𝟎 = 𝟐𝟖𝟕𝟎
e. Using Doubling and Halving , double 15 and half 66 , we get

𝟔𝟔 × 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟑𝟑 × 𝟑𝟎 = 𝟗𝟗𝟎
f. Using Doubling and Halving , double 45 and half 124 , we get

𝟏𝟐𝟒 × 𝟒𝟓 = 𝟔𝟐 × 𝟗𝟎 = 𝟓𝟓𝟖𝟎
g. Using Doubling and Halving , double 15 and half 54, we get

𝟏𝟓 × 𝟓𝟒 = 𝟑𝟎 × 𝟐𝟕 = 𝟖𝟏𝟎
h. Using Doubling and halving , double 55 and half 16, we get

𝟓𝟓 × 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟏𝟏𝟎 × 𝟖 = 𝟖𝟖𝟎
i. Using Doubling and Halving , double 75 and half 18 , we get

𝟕𝟓 × 𝟏𝟖 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎 × 𝟗 = 𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟎
j. Using Doubling and Halving , double 15 and half 446 , we get

𝟒𝟒𝟔 × 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟐𝟐𝟑 × 𝟑𝟎 = 𝟔𝟔𝟗𝟎
k. Using Doubling and halving , double 35 and half 132 we get
𝟏𝟑𝟐 × 𝟑𝟓 = 𝟔𝟔 × 𝟕𝟎 = 𝟒𝟔𝟐𝟎
l. Using Doubling and Halving , double 85 and half 18 , we get

𝟖𝟓 × 𝟏𝟖 = 𝟏𝟕𝟎 × 𝟗 = 𝟏𝟓𝟑𝟎
𝟏
m. Using Doubling and Halving , double 𝟒 𝟐 and half 16 , we get
𝟏
𝟏𝟔 × 𝟒 = 𝟗 × 𝟖 = 𝟕𝟐
𝟐
𝟏
n. Using doubling and halving , double 𝟑 𝟐 and half 24 , we get
𝟏
𝟐𝟒 × 𝟑 𝟐 = 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟖𝟒
o. Using Doubling and Halving , double 4.50 and half 32 , we get

£𝟒. 𝟓𝟎 × 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟗 × 𝟏𝟔 = £𝟏𝟒𝟒
Practice E : Try these

a. 6 2 Subtracting 4 from 6 gives 2 , in units column 7 cant
- 4 7 subtract from 2 , so write 1 in tens column and
………………. Subtract 7 from 12 i.e 12 -7 = 5 .write 15
1 5
b. 7 5 Subtracting 2 from 7 gives 5 , in Ones column 8 can n

- 2 8 not subtract from 5 , so write 4 in tens column and
………………. Subtract 8 from 15 i.e 15-8=7 . write 7
47
c. 5 1 Subtracting 1 from 5 gives 4 , In ones column 5 can’t

- 1 5 subtract from 1 , so write 3 in tens column and
………………. Subtract 5 from 11 i.e 11-5=6 . write 6
36
d. 6 7 subtracting 3 from 6 gives 3, in Ones column we cant

- 3 8 subtract 8 from 7 , so write 2 in tens column and
……………….. subtract 8 from 17 I.e 17 – 8 = 9 .write 9
29
e. 4 6 subtracting 2 from 4 gives 2 .in ones column
- 2 5 subtracting 5 from 6 gives 1.
………………
2 1
f. 6 5 subtracting 3 from 6 gives 3 . in ones column we can’t

- 3 7 subtract 7from 5, so write 2 in tens column and
……………… subtract 7 from 15 i.e 15-7=8.write 8
28
g. 9 0 subtracting 6 from 9 gives 3 .In ones column we can’t

……………… subtract 2 from 10 i.e 10-2=8 . write 8
2 8
h. 8 2 subtracting 3 from 8 gives 5.In ones column we can’t

…………….. subtract 8 from 12 i.e. 12 -8 =4. Write 4
44
Practice F: Check your answer to practice E by using digit sum

check.
a. 6 2 8 Digit sum of 62 and 47 is 8 and 2
- 4 7 2 Digit sum of 15 is 6 and 8-2=6 which confirms
……………… ….. answer is correct
1 5 6
b. 7 5 3 Digit sum of 75 and 28 is 3 and 1

- 2 8 1 Digit sum of 47 is 2 and 3-1=2 which confirms
………………. ….. answer is correct
4 7 2
c. 5 1 6 Digit sum of 51 and 15 is 6

- 1 5 6 Digit sum of 36 is 9 or 0 . and 6-6=0 which
…………….. …… confirms answer is correct.
36 0
d. 6 7 4 Digit sum of 67 and 38 is 4 and 2
- 3 8 2 Digit sum of 29 is 2 and 4 – 2=2 which
…………… …… confirms answer is correct.
2 9 2
e. 4 6 1 We can’t subtract 1 from 7 so add 9 to 1 i.e 10

- 2 5 7 then subtract 7 from 10 i.e 10-7=3 which
……………… …. Equals digit sum of 21
2 1 3
f. 6 5 2 Digit sum of 65 and 37 is 2 and 1

- 3 7 1 Digit sum of 28 is 1 and 2 – 1 = 1 which
…………….. …. Confirms answer is correct.
28 1
g. 9 0 9 Digit sum of 90 and 62 is 9 and 8

-62 8 Digit sum of 28 is 1 and 9-8=1 which
…………. ….. confirms answer is correct.
28 1
h. 8 2 1 We can’t subtract 2 from 1 so add 9 to 1 i.e 10

- 3 8 2 then subtract 2 from 10 i.e 10 – 2=8 which
……………. …… equals digit sum of 44
4 4 8
Practice G: Subtract the following from left to right. ( check your

answer)
a. 4 4 4 3 Subtract 1 from 4 gives 3. Next check
- 1 8 3 3 tens column 4 is smaller than 8 we
…………………… …… can’t subtract so write 2 and subtract
2 6 1 0 8 from 14 i.e 6 and then check ones
Column 4 is larger than 3 so subtract 3 from 4 i.e 1
b. 6 3 9 Subtracting 2 from 6 gives 4. Next check ones
- 2 8 1 column 3 is smaller than 8 , we cant subtract
………………. ….. 8 from 3 so write 3 . and subtract 8 from 13 i.e
35 8 5 . write 5.
c. 8 1 3 3 Subtracting 3 from 8 gives 5. Next check tens

- 345 3 column 1 is smaller than 4 , we cant subtract 4
……………… ….. from 1 so write 4 and subtract 4 from 11 i.e 7
468 0 then next check ones column 3 is smaller than 5
So write 6 and subtract 5 from 13 i.e 8 .write 8
d. 6 9 5 2 subtracting 3 from 6 gives 3 . next check tens

- 3 68 8 column 9 is larger than 6 so write 3 . and then
……………….. …. Subtract 6 from 9 gives 3 . Next check ones
327 3 column 5 is smaller than 8 , we cant subtract 8
from 5 so write 2 and then subtract 8 from 15 i.e 7 . write 7
e. 5 1 6 subtracting 3 from 5 gives 2 . Next check ones

- 38 2 column 1 is smaller than 8. So write 1 and then
…………….. ….. subtract 8 from 11 i.e 3 .write 3.
13 4
f. 3 4 5 6 9 write 3 in thousands column. Next check

- 281 2 hundreds column 4 is larger than 2 subtract 2
…………………… ….. from 4 gives 2 and next check tens column 5 is
3175 7 smaller than 8 we cant subtract so write 1 and
then subtract 8 from 15 i.e 7. Write 7 and then check ones column 6 is
larger than 1 .subtract 1 from 6 i.e 5 write 5.
g. 7 1 1 7 7 subtract 1 from 7 gives 6 . next check hundreds

-1 771 7 column 1 is smaller than 7 , we cant subtract
…………………… ….. 7 from 1 so write 5 and subtract 7 from 11 i.e 4
5346 0 Next check tens column 1 is smaller than 7 , we
cant subtract 7 from 1 . write 3 and then subtract 7 from 11 i.e 4 .
next check ones column 7 is larger than 1 . so write 4 and then
subtract 1 from 7 i.e 6 . write 6
h. 8 0 0 8 7 subtracting 3 from 8 gives 5. Next check
- 383 9 5 hundreds column 0 is smaller than 8 , we cant
………………….. ….. subtract 8 from 0 so write 4 and subtract 8 from
416 9 2 10 i.e 2 . next check tens column 0 is smaller
than 3 , we cant subtract 3 from 0 . so write 1 and then subtract 3
from 10 i.e 7 . next check ones column 8 is smaller than 9.we cant
subtract 9 from 8 , so write 6 and then subtract 9 from 18 i.e 9 . write
9.
i. 6 3 6 3 9 Subtracting 3 from 6 gives 3. Next check

-3388 4 hundred column subtract 3 from 3 gives 0 .
………………….. ….. next check tens column 6 is smaller than 8
2975 5 we cant subtract 8 from 6 . write 9 in hundreds
column and 2 in thousand column. Then subtract 8 from 16 i.e 8 .
next check ones column 3 is smaller than 8 . so write 7 and then
subtract 8 from 13 i.e 5 . write 5
j. 510 1 5 3 Subtracting 2 from 5 gives 3 .next check

- 27986 5 thousands column 1 is smaller than 7 , we cant
……………………….. ….. subtract 7 from 1 . so write 2 and then subtract
2302 9 7 7 from 11 i.e 4 . next check hundreds column
0 is smaller than 9 , we cant subtract 9 from 0 . so write 3 and then
subtract 9 from 10 i.e 1 . next check tens column 1 is smaller than 8 ,
we cant subtract 8 from 1 . so write 0 and subtract 8 from 11 i.e 3 .
next check ones column 5 is smaller than 6 . we cant subtract 6 from 5
. so write 2 and then subtract 6 from 15 i.e 9 . write 9
k. 1 4 2 8 5 2 subtracting 0 from 1 gives 1 .next check

- 71 4 8 2 thousands column 4 is smaller than 7 , we cant
……………………… …… subtract 7 from 4 . so write 0 and then subtract
0713 7 0 7 from 14 i.e 7 . next check hundreds column 2
is larger than 1 . so write 7 and then subtract 1 from 2 i.e 1 next
check tens column 8 is larger than 4 so write 1 and then subtract 4
from 8 i.e 4 . next check ones column 5 is smaller than 8 . we cant
subtract 8 from 5 so write 3 and then subtract 8 from 15 i.e 7.
l. 9 6 3 0 3 6 9 0 subtracting 3 from 9 gives 6 . next check
- 3690 96 3 0 hundred thousand column subtract 6 from
…………………………… ……. 6 gives 0 next check ten thousand column
593 9 4 0 6 0 3 is smaller than 9 , we cant subtract 9
from 3 so write 5 in ten lakhs column and 9 in one lakhs column ,
and then subtract 9 from 13 i.e 4 and next check thousands column
subtract 0 from 0 gives 0 next check hundreds column 3 is smaller
than 9 so write 3 in ten thousands column and 9 in thousands
column and subtract 9 from 13 i.e 4 next check tens column subtract 6
from 6 i.e 0 and next check ones column subtract 3 from 9 i.e 6. So
write 4 in hundreds column , 0 in tens column and 6 in ones column.
LESSON 5
ALL FROM 9 AND LAST FROM 10
Practice A: Apply all from 9 and last from 10 to the following.

a. 444 b. 675 c. 2468 d. 18276 e. 8998
f. 9888 g. 1020304 h. 7
sol. Applying All from 9 and last from 10 sutra of VM , subtract 4 and
4 from 9 and last 4 in ones place from 10 , we get 556.
b. Subtracting 6 and 7 from 9 and ones digit 5 from 10 , we get 325
c. Subtracting 2 , 4 and 6 from 9 and ones digit 8 from 10 , we get

7532
d. Subtracting 1 , 8 , 2, 7 from 9 and ones digit 6 from 10 , we get

81724
e. Subtracting 8 , 9 , 9 from 9 and ones digit 8 from 10 , we get 1002
f. Subtracting 9 , 8 , 8 from 9 and ones digit 8 from 10 , we get 0112

i.e 112
g. Subtracting 1,0,2,0,3,0 from 9 and ones digit 4 from 10 , we get

8979696
h. Subtracting 7 from 10 we get 3
Practice B : Apply the formula to these numbers.

a. 3570 b. 920 c. 1234560 d. 3300
sol. Applying All from 9 and last from 10 sutra of VM , ignore last 0
and take 7 as last digit . Subtracting 3 , 5 from 9 and last digit 7 from
10 , we get 6430
b. Ignore last 0 and take 2 as last digit . subtracting 9 from 9 and last
from 10 , we get 080 i.e 80
c. ignore 0 and take 6 as last digit , subtracting 1 , 2, 3,4,5 from 9

and last digit 6 from 10 , we get 8765440
d. Ignore two zeros and take 3 as last digit , subtracting 3 from 9 and
last digit 3 from 10 , we get 6700
Practice C: Subtract the following.

a. 1000 – 481 b.1000- 309 c. 1000 – 892
d. 1000 – 976 e. 100 – 78 f. 100 – 33
g. 10000 – 8877 h. 10000 – 9876 I . 1000 – 808
j. 1000 – 710 k. 10000 – 6300
sol. Applying all from 9 and last from 10 , subtract 4 from 9 , 8 from
9 and subtract last digit 1 from 10 , we get 519.
Adding 481 and 519 we get base 1000
b. Subtracting 3 , 0 from 9 and last digit from 10 we get 691

If we add 309 and 691 we get 1000
c. Subtracting 8 , 9 from 9 and last digit 2 from 10 we get 108
d. Subtracting 9 , 7 from 9 and last digit 6 from 10 we get 024 i.e 24
e. Subtracting 7 from 9 and last digit 8 from 10 we get 22
f. Subtracting 3 from 9 and last digit 3 from 10 we get 67
g. Subtracting 8,8,7 from 9 and last digit 7 from 10 we get 1123
h. subtracting 9,8,7 from 9 and last digit 6 from 10 we get 0124 i.e
124
i. Subtracting 8 , 0 from 9 and last digit 8 from 10 we get 192
j. Ignore 0 and take last digit as 1 , subtract 7 from 9 last digit 1from
10 we get 290
k. ignore two 0’s and take last digit as 3 , subtract 6 from 9 and last
digit 3 from 10 we get 3700
Practice D: Subtract the following.

a. 1000 – 86 b. 1000 – 93 c.1000 – 35
d. 10000- 678 e. 10000 – 353 f. 10000 – 177
g. 10000 – 62 h. 10000 – 85 i. 1000 – 8
j. 10000 – 3
sol. a. 1000 has 3 zeros and 86 is 2 figure number. Add one zero
before 8 then subtract 086 from 1000 we get 914
b. Add one zero and subtract 093 from 1000 we get 907
c. Add one zero before 3 and subtract 035 from 1000 we get 965
d. Add one zero before 6 and subtract 0678 from 10000 we get 9322
e. Add one zero before 3 then subtract 0353 from 10000 we get 9647
f. Add one zero before 1 then subtract 0177 from 10000 we get 9823
g. Add two zeros before 6 then subtract 0062 from 10000 we get 9938
h. Add two zeros before 8 and then subtract 0085 from 10000 we get
9915
i. Add 2 zeros before 8 then subtract 008 from 1000 we get 992
j. Add 3 zeros before 3 and then subtract 0003 from 10000 we get
9997
Practice E : Try these

a. 600 – 88 b. 400 – 83 c. 900 – 73
d. 6000 – 762 e. 2000 – 979 f. 50000 – 4334
g. 70000 – 8012
sol. a. 6 is reduced by one to 5 . Apply All from 9 and last from 10 we

get 512 .( 600 – 88 = 500+(100-88) . subtract 8 from 9 and 8 from
10. i.e 500 + 12 = 512)
b. 4 is reduced by one to 3 . Apply all from 9 and last from 10 we get

317
c. 9 is reduced by one to 8 . Apply all from 9 and last from 10we get
827
d. 6 is reduced by one to 5 . Apply all from 9 and last from 10 we get

5238
e. 2 is reduced by one to 1 . Apply all from 9 and last from 10 we get

1021
f. 5 is reduced by one to 4 . Apply all from 9 and last from 10 we get

45666
g. 7 is reduced by one to 6. Apply all from 9 and last from 10 we get

61988.
Practice F: Subtract the following

a. 8000 – 3504 b. 5000 – 1234 c. 300 – 132
d. 2000 – 1444 e. 700 – 232 f. 60,000 – 23,331
sol. a. subtract one more figure of 3( 1st figure of 3504 i.e 3+1=4) from
8 ( 1st figure of 8000). We get 4.
Apply all from 9 and last from 10 to other figures i.e 504 . we get 496
So 8000 - 3504 = 4496
b. subtract 2 ( 1+1 , one more of 1st figure of 1234) from 5 we get 3.

Apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 234 we get 766
So 5000 – 1234=3766
c. Subtract 2 from 3 we get 1. Apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 32

we get 68
So 300 – 132 = 168
d. subtract 2 ( one more of 1st figure of 1444) from 2 we get 0.

So 2000 - 1444= 556
e. subtract 3 ( one more of 1st figure of 232) from 7 ( 1st figure of 700)
we get 4.
So 700 – 232 = 468
f. subtract 3 ( one more of 1st figure of 23331) from 6 ( 1st figure of

60000) we get 3
So 60,000 – 23,331 = 36,669
Practice G : Subtract the following

a. 5000 – 74 b. 8000 – 58 c. 6000 – 94
d. 4000 – 19 e. 80000 – 345 f. 30000 – 276
g. 50000 – 44 h. 700 -8 i. 30000 -54
j. 20000 – 222 k. 30000 – 670 l. 70000 – 99
sol. 5000 has 3 zeros and 74 is a 2 figure number . Add one zero
before 74.
Now 5000 – 074 = 4926
( 5 is reduced by one to 4 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to
074 we get 926.
So 5000 – 74 = 4926
b. Add one zero before 58 it becomes

8000 – 058 = 7942
058 we get 942)
c. Add one zero before 94 it becomes

6000 – 094 = 5906
094 we get 906)
d. Add one zero before 19 it becomes

4000 – 019 = 3981
019 we get 981)
e. Add one zero before 345 it becomes

80000 – 0345 = 79655
0345 we get 9655)
f. Add one zero before 276 it becomes

30000 – 0276 = 29724
0276 we get 9724)
g. Add 2 zeros before 44 it becomes

50000 – 0044 = 49956
0044 we get 9956)
h. Add one zero before 8 it becomes

700 – 08 = 692
( 7 is reduced by one to 6 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 08
we get 92)
i. Add 2 zeros before 54 it becomes

30000 – 0054 = 29946
0054 we get 9946)
j. Add one zero before 222 it becomes

20000 – 0222 = 19778
0222 we get 9778)
k. Add one zero before 670 it becomes

30000 - 0670 = 29330
0670 we get 9330)
l. Add 2 zeros before 99 it becomes

70000 – 0099 = 69901
0099 we get 9901)
Practice H : Do the following money subtraction in a similar way.

a. £ 10 - £ 2.34 b. £ 10 - £ 6.51 c. £ 10 - £ 5.82
d. £ 10 - £ 9.07 e. £ 20 - £ 7.44 f. £ 20 - £ 12. 78
g. £ 20 - £ 3.18 h. £ 20 - £ 8. 40
sol. a. Apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 234 we get 766
so £ 10 - £ 2.34 = £ 7 . 66
b. Apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 651 we get 349

so £ 10 - £ 6.51 = £ 3. 49
c. Apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 582 we get 418

so £ 10 - £ 5.82 = £ 4.18
d. Apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 907 we get 093
so £ 10 - £ 9. 07 = £ 0.93
e. Apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 744 we get 256

so £ 20 - £ 7.44 = £ 10 + ( £10 - £ 7.44 ) = £ 10 +£ 2.56 = £ 12.56
f. Apply all from 9 and last from 10 we get

£ 20 - £ 12.78 = £ 7. 22
( subtract one more of 1( 1st figure of 12.78) from 2 ( 1st figure of 20)
we get 0 .apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 2.78 we get 7.22)
g. Apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 3.18 we get 6.82

£ 20 - £ 3.18 = £ 10 + ( £ 10 - £ 3.18) = £ 10 + £ 6.82 = £16.82
h. Apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 8.40 we get 1.60

£ 20 - £8.40 = £ 10 + ( £ 10 - £ 8.40) = £ 10 + £ 1.60 = £11.60
Practice I : Subtract
a. 1000 – 34 b. 1000 -474 c. 5000 – 542
d. 800 – 72 e. 1000 – 33 f. 5000 – 84
g. 700 – 58 h. 9000 – 186 i. 10000 – 4321
j. 200 – 94 k. 10000 – 358 l. 400 – 81
m. 7000 – 88 n. 900 – 17 o. 30000 – 63
p. 90000 – 899
sol. Add one zero before 34 as 1000 has 3 zeros and 34 is a 2 figure
number.
b. Apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 474 we get 526
c. 5 is reduced by one to 4 . Apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 542

we get 458
so 5000 – 542 = 4458
d. 8 is reduced by one to 7 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to
72 we get 28
so 800 – 72 = 728
e. 1000 has 3 zeros and 33 is a 2 figure number .Add one zero before
33 it becomes 033
so 1000 -033 = 967
f. 5 is reduced by one to 4 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to

084 we get 916
so 5000 – 84 = 4916
g. 7 is reduced by one to 6 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to

58 we get 42
so 700 – 58 = 642
h. 9 is reduced by one to 8 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to

186 we get 814
so 9000 – 186 = 8814
i. Apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 4321 we get 5679
j. 2is reduced by one to 1 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 94
we get 16
so 200 – 94 =106
k. 10000 has 4 zeros and 358 is a 3 figure number . Add one zero
before 358 it becomes 0358
so 10000 – 0358 = 9642
( Applying all from 9 and last from 10 to 0358 )
l. 4 is reduced by one to 3 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to

81 we get 19
so 400 – 81 = 319
m. 7 is reduced by one to 6 . 7000 has 3 zeros and 88 is a 2 figure
number ,so add one zero before 88 it becomes 088.
So 7000 – 088 = 6912
n. 9 is reduced by one to 8 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to

17 we get 83
so 900-17 = 883
o. 30,000 has 4 zeros and 63 is a 2 figure number . Add 2 zeros

before 63 it becomes 0063 .
3 is reduced by one to 2 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to
0063 we get 9937
So 30000 – 63 = 29937
p. 90,000 has 4 zeros and 899 is a 3 figure number .so add one zero
before 899 it becomes 0899
9 is reduced by one to 8 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to
0899 we get 9101
So 90000 – 899 = 89101
LESSON 6
NUMBER SPLITTING
Practice A: Add the following ( try some of them mentally)

a. 345 6 b. 1 8 1 9 c. 6 4 4 6
+ 4 71 7 + 1 7 1 6 + 2 8 3 8
………………………. ………………………… ……………………………
7 11 6 1 3 2 15 2 1 5 8 1 2 7 14
……………………… …………………………. …………………………….
81 73 35 35 92 84
d. 832 1 e. 7 6 7 f. 3 8 3
+ 182 3 + 6 16 + 3 8 4
………………………. …………………. …………………
9 11 4 4 13 7 13 6 16 7
………………………… …………………….. …………………
101 4 4 13 8 3 7 6 7
g. 4 4 4 h. 8 8 8 i. 5 5 1
+ 246 + 7 0 7 + 6 6 2
…………………… ………………… …………………
6 8 10 15 8 15 1111 3
………………… …………………. …………………
6 90 15 9 5 121 3
j. 4 5 5 4 k. 1 2 3 4 l. 5 2 3 4
+3636 + 4 9 4 4 + 9 3 9 3
………………….. ………………….. …………………..
7 11 8 10 5 11 7 8 14 512 7
………………….. ………………….. ………………….
81 90 61 78 14 62 7
Practice B: Subtract the following
a. 3 2 4 3 b. 4 4 4 4 c. 7 0 7 0
-1319 -1 8 2 8 -1 5 2 6
…………………… …………………….. …………………..
19 24 2 6 1 6 5 5 4 4
d. 3 7 2 1 e. 6 8 8 9 f. 8 5 2
-1909 -1 9 3 6 -1 3 9
…………………… …………………….. ……………..
18 12 4 9 5 3 7 1 3
g. 7 7 7 h. 6 6 6 6
-585 -2 9 3 8
………………. ………………….
19 2 3 7 2 8
Practice C : Multiply the following
a. 4 3 2 x 3 = 12 96
We split 4 and 32 . it is easy to multiply 4 by 3 and 32 by 3 without
carry.
b. 4 5 3 × 𝟐 = 90 6
We split 45 and 3 . It is easy to multiply by 2 without carry.
c. 6 2 6 × 𝟐 = 12 52
We split 6 and 26. It is easy to multiply by 2 without carry.
d. 4 3 3 × 𝟑 = 12 99
We split 4 and 33 .It is easy to multiply by 3 without carry.
e. 3 08 × 𝟔 = 18 48
f. 8 14 × 𝟒 = 32 56
g. 5 15 × 𝟓 = 25 75
h. 9 19 × 𝟑 = 27 57
i. 14 16 × 𝟒 = 56 64
We split 14 and 16 . it is easy to multiply by 4 without carry.
j. 27 28 × 𝟐 = 54 56
We split 27 and 28. It is easy to multiply by 2 without carry.
k. 3 19 3 × 𝟑 = 9 57 9
We split 3 , 19 and 3 . It is easy to multiply by 3 without carry.
l. 13 14 15 × 𝟑 = 39 42 45
We split 13 , 14 , 15.It is easy to multiply by 3 without carry.
Practice D: Divide the following mentally.

a. 2 )6 56 Split 66 and 56 . It is easy to divide by 2 mentally.
………………
3 28
b. 2 ) 72 6 Split 72 and 6 . It is easy to divide by 2 mentally.

…………………..
36 3
c. 3 ) 18 99 Split 18 and 99. It is easy to divide by 3 mentally.

…………………
6 33
d. 6 ) 12 66 Split 12 and 66 . It is easy to divide by 6 mentally.
…………………………
2 11
e. 4 ) 20 48 Split 20 and 48. It is easy to divide by 4 mentally.

…………………………
5 12
f. 4 ) 28 44 Split 28 and 44.It is easy to divide by4 mentally.

…………………………..
7 11
g. 3) 21 39 Split 21 and 39. It is easy to divide by 3 mentally.

………………………….
7 13
h. 2 ) 26 36 Split 26 and 36 . It is easy to divide by 2 mentally.

………………………..
13 18
i. 4 ) 28 16 Split 28 and 16. It is easy to divide by 4 mentally.

…………………………
7 04
j. 4 ) 8 12 Split 8 and 12 .It is easy to divide by 4 mentally.

………………………
2 03
k. 6 ) 48 18 Split 48 and 18 . It is easy to divide by 6 mentally.

…………………………
8 03
l. 3 ) 12 66 Split 12 and 66 .It is easy to divide by 3 mentally.

………………………….
4 22
m. 5) 20 45 Split 20 and 45.It is esy to divide by 5 mentally.
………………………..
4 09
n. 2 ) 38 14 Split 38 and 14 . It is easy to divide by 2 mentally.

…………………………….
19 07
o. 7) 21 0 14 Split 21,. 0 , 14 .It is easy to divide by 7 mentally.

…………………………….
30 0 2
p. 3 ) 9 18 27 Split 9 , 18 and 27. It is easy to divide by 3 mentally.

………………………………..
3 06 09
q. 2) 38 72 52 split 38 , 72 , 52 .It is easy to divide by 2 mentally.

……………………………….
19 36 26
r. 8 ) 40 16 8 Split 40, 16, 8 . It is easy to divide by 8 mentally.

…………………………….
5 02 1
s. 5) 10 35 45 Split 10 , 35 , 45. It is easy to divide by 5 mentally.

………………………………
2 07 09
t. 3) 15 0 15 Split 15 , 0 , 15 . It is easy to divide by 3 mentally.

………………………………..
5 0 0 5
u. 13 ) 39 13 52 Split 39 , 13 , 52 .It is easy to divide by 13

………………………………….. mentally.
3 01 04
LESSON 7
BASE MULTIPLICATION
Practice A: Try the ones below by base multiplication.

a. 7 - 3 7 is 3 below 10 and 9 is 1 below 10.
x 9 - 1 7-1 = 9-3 = 6 and 3 x 1 = 3
………………………..
63
b. 8 -2 8 is 2 below 10 and 8 is 2 below 10

x 8 -2 8-2 = 8-2=6 and 2 x 2 = 4
……………………..
64
c. 9 – 1 9 is 1 below 10 and 6 is 4 below 10

x 6 – 4 9-4=6-1=5 and 1 x 4 = 4
……………………
54
d. 7 – 3 7 is 3 below 10
x 7 – 3 7-3 = 7-3 = 4 and 3 x 3 =9
……………………
49
e. 8 - 2 8 is 2 below 10 and 9 is 1 below 10

x 9 - 1 8-1 = 9-2 = 7 and 2 x 1=2
………………….
72
f. 8 -2 8 is 2 below 10 and 6 is 4 below 10

x 6 -4 8-4=6-2 = 4 and 2 x 4 = 8
……………………
48
g. 9 – 1 9 is 1 below 10
x 9 – 1 9 – 1 = 9-1=8 and 1 x 1= 1
…………………….
81
h. 6 – 4 6 is 4 below 10
x 6 – 4 6-4 = 6-4 = 2 and 4 x 4 = 16
……………………
2 16
……………………
36
i. 7 – 3 7 is 3 below 10 and 6 is 4 below 10

x 5– 5 7-5 = 5 – 3 = 2 and 3 x 5 = 15
……………………
2 15
………………….
35
j. 6– 4 6 is 4 below 10 and 5 is 5 below 10

x 5 – 5 6 – 5 = 5- 4 = 1 and 4 x 5 = 20
………………….
1 20
……………………
30
Practice B : This is the same as before except that we cross add .

try some. There is a carry in the second row.
a. 13 +3 13 is 3 above base 10 and 11 is 1 above base 10

x 11 +1 13 +1=11+3 = 14 and 3 x 1 = 3
……………………..
14 3
b. 12 +2 12 is 2 above base 10
x 12 +2 12+2 = 2+12=14 and 2 x 2 = 4
…………………………
14 4
c. 11 +1 11 is 1 above base 10 and 15 is 5 above base 10

x 15 +5 11+5=15+1=16 and 1 x 5 = 5
……………………….
16 5
d. 13 +3 13 is 3 above base 10
x 13 +3 13+3=3+13=16 and 3 x 3=9
……………………..
16 9
e. 11 +1 11 is 1 above base 10
x 11 +1 11+1=11+1=12 and 1 x 1= 1
…………………….
12 1
f. 13 +3 13 is 3 above base 10 and 14 is 4 above base 10

x 14 +4 13+4=14+3=17 and 3 x 4 = 12
……………………..
17 12
…………………….
182
g. 12 +2 12 is 2 above base 10 and 16 is 6 above base 10

x 16 +6 12+6=16+2=18 and 2 x 6 = 12
…………………………
18 12
………………………..
192
h. 14 +4 14 is 4 above base 10
x 14 +4 14 +4=4+14=18 and 4 x 4 = 16
………………….
18 16
…………………….
19 6
i. 16 +6 16 is 6 above base 10
x 16 +6 16 +6=6+16 = 22 and 6 x 6 = 36
……………………
22 36
………………….
256
j. 13 +3 13 is 3 above base 10 and 18 is 8 above base 10

x 18 +8 13+8=18+3=21 and 3 x 8 = 24
……………………..
21 24
…………………….
234
Practice D : Multiply the following.

a. 94 -06 94 is 6 below base 100
x 94 -06 94 -06= 88 and 6 x 6 = 36
…………………………
88 36
b. 97 -03 97 is 3 below base 100 and 89 is 11 below base 100

x 89 -11 97-11=89-03=86 and 11 x 3 = 33
……………………..
86 33
c. 87 - 13 87 is 13 below base 100 and 99 is 1 below base 100
x 99 - 01 87-1=99-13=86 and 13 x 1= 13
………………………
86 13
d. 87 - 13 87 is 13 below base 100 and 98 is 2 below base 100

x 98 -02 87-2=98-13=85 and 13 x 2 = 26
………………………..
85 26
e. 87 -13 87 is 13 below base 100 and 95 is 5 below base 100

x 95 -05 87-5=95- 13 = 82 and 13 x 5 = 65
……………………..
82 65
f. 95 -05 95 is 5 below base 100

x 95 -05 95 -5 = 90 and 5 x 5 = 25
……………………….
90 25
g. 79 - 21 79 is 21 below base 100 and 96 is 4 below base 100

x 96 -04 79 – 4=96- 21= 75 and 21 x 4 = 84
………………………..
75 84
h. 98 -02 98 is 2 below base 100 and 96 is 4 below base 100

x 96 -04 98-4 = 96 – 2 = 94 and 2 x 4 = 8
……………………….
94 08
i. 92 -08 92 is 8 below base 100 and 99 is 1 below base 100

x 99 -01 92 – 1= 99 - 8 = 91 and 8 x 1= 8
…………………………
91 08
j. 99 -01 99 is 1 below base 100
x 99 -01 99 – 1 = 98 and 1 x 1 =1
……………………
98 01
k. 88 -12 88 is 12 below base 100

x 88 -12 88 – 12 = 76 and 12 x 12 = 144
………………………….
76 144
………………………….
77 44
l. 97 - 03 97 is 3 below base 100 and 56is 44 below base 100

x 56 - 44 97 -44 = 5 3 and 44 x 3 = 132
………………………….
53 132
…………………………..
54 32
m. 44 -56 44 is 56 below base 100 and 98 is 2 below 100

x 98 -02 44 – 2 = 98 – 56 = 42 and 56 x 2 = 112
……………………………
42 112
………………………….
43 12
n. 97 -03 97 is 3 below base 100 and 63 is 37 below base 100

x 63 -37 97 – 37= 63 – 3 = 60 and 37 x 3 = 111
………………………
60 111
……………………….
61 11
Practice E : Multiply these numbers mentally. Just write down
answer.
a. 87 -13 87 is 13 below base 100 and 97 is 3 below base 100

x 97 -03 87 – 3 = 97 – 13 = 84 and 13 x 3 = 39
…………………………
84 39
b. 79 - 21 79 is 21 below base 100 and 98 is 2 below base 100

x 98 -02 79 – 2 = 98 – 21 = 77 and 21 x 2 = 42
………………………
77 42
c. 98 -02 98 is 2 below base 100 and 93 is 7 below base 100

x 93 -07 98 – 7 = 93 – 2 = 91 and 7 x 2 = 14
……………………….
91 14
d. 94 -06 94 is 6 below base 100 and 95 is 5 below base 100

x 95 -05 94 -5 = 95 -6 = 89 and 5 x 6 = 30
…………………….
89 30
e. 96 -04 96 is 4 below base 100

x 96 -04 96 – 4 = 92 and 4 x 4 = 16
……………………….
92 16
f. 88 - 12 88 is 12 below base 100 and 96 is 4 below base 100

x 96 -04 88 – 4 = 96 – 12 = 84 and 12 x 4 = 48
…………………………
84 48
g. 89 -11 89 is 11 below base 100 and 98 is 2 below base 100
x 98 -02 89 – 2= 98 – 11 =87 and 11 x 2 = 22
……………………..
87 22
h. 93 -07 93 is 7 below base 100 and 96 is 4 below base 100
x 96 -04 93 – 4 = 96 – 7 = 89 and 7 x 4 = 28
……………………….
89 28
i. 93 -07 93 is 7 below base 100 and 99 is 1 below base 100

x 99 -01 93 -1 = 99-7 = 92 and 7 x 1 = 7
……………………..
92 07
j. 97 -03 97 is 3 below base 100

x 97 -03 97 – 3 = 94 and 3 x 3 = 9
……………………
94 09
k. 96 -04 96 is 4 below base 100 and 67 is 33 below base 100

x 67 -33 96 – 33 = 67 – 4 = 63 and 33 x 4 = 132
……………………….
63 132
………………………
64 32
l. 95 -05 95 is 5 below base 100 and 75 is 25 below base 100

x 75 -25 95 – 25 = 75 -5 = 70 and 5 x 25 = 125
………………………..
70 125
………………………
71 25
m. 89
x ??
………………
82 77 Find the missing number?
Sol. 1st part is 82 given . so 89 – 7 = 82

89 is 11 below base 100 and 11 is the deficiency of 1st number 89
And 7 is the deficiency of 2nd number which is below base 100
i.e 93 as 93 +7 = 100
so missing number is 93
check : 89 x 93 = 8277
89 -11
X 93 -07
…………………..
82 77
Practice F : multiply mentally.
a. 107 +07 107 is 7 above base 100 and 104 is 4 above base 100
x 104 +04 107+4=104+7 = 111 and 7 x 4 = 28
………………………..
111 28
b. 107 +07 107 is 7 above base 100 and 108 is 8 above base 100
x 108 +08 107+8 = 108 +7 = 115 and 7 x 8 = 56
……………………….
115 56
c. 133 +33 133 is 33 above base 100 and 103 is 3 above 100
x 103 +03 133 + 3 = 103 +33 = 136 and 33 x 3 = 99
…………………………
136 99
d. 102 +02 102 is 2 above base 100 and 104 is 4 above 100
x 104 +04 102 +4 = 104 +2 = 106 and 2 x 4 = 8
……………………………
106 08
e. 123 +23 123 is 23 above base 100 and 102 is 2 above 100
x 102 +02 123 + 2= 102 + 23 = 125 and 23 x 2 = 46
………………………..
125 46
f. 171 +71 171 is 71 above base 100 and 101 is 1 above 100
x 101 +01 171 +01=172 and 71 x 1 = 71
…………………………..
172 71
g. 103 +03 103 is 3 above base 100 and 111 is 11 above 100
x 111 +11 103 +11 = 111+ 3 = 114 and 11 x 3 = 33
……………………….
114 33
h. 125 +25 125 is 25 above base 100 and 105 is 5 above 100
x 105 +05 125 +5 = 105 +25 = 130 and 25 x 5 = 125
……………………….
130 125
……………………….
131 25
i. 103 +03 103 is 3 above base 100

x 103 +03 103 +3 = 106 and 3 x 3 =9
………………………….
106 09
j. 111 +11 111 is 11 above base 100
x 111 +11 111 +11 = 122 and 11 x 11 = 121
………………………..
122 121
……………………….
123 21
k. 162 +62 162 is 62 above base 100 and 102 is 2 above 100
x 102 +02 162 +2 = 102+62 = 164 and 62 x 2 = 124
…………………………..
164 124
……………………………
165 24
l. 113 +13 113 is 13 above base 100 and 105 is 5 above 100
x 105 +05 113 +5 = 105+ 13 = 118 and 13 x 5 = 65
…………………………
118 65
m. 103
x ???
……………………
108 15 find the missing number?
Sol. 1st part of answer is 108 i.e 103 +05 = 108. So 05 is the deficiency
of 2nd number
103 is 3 above base 100 i.e 3 is the deficiency of 1st number 103
above 100
Subtract 03 from 108 i.e 105 and multiply two deficiency 3 x 5 = 15
So missing number is 105
Check : 103 x 105 = 10815
103 +03
X 105 +05
……………………….
10815
Practice G : Multiply mentally.

a. 667 -333
x 998 -002
……………………………..
665 666
Deficiency of 667 and 998 are obtained by using All from 9 and last
from 10 by subtracting from base 1000 i.e 333 (9-6 =3 , 9- 6=3 ,
10 -7 = 3) and 2 ( 9-9=0 , 9-9=0 , 10-8 = 2)
Subtract cross wise, 667 – 2 = 998 – 333= 665
Multiply vertically , 333 x 2 = 666
b. 768 -232 768 is 232 below base 1000 and 997 is 3 below
x 997 -3 base 1000 . 768 – 3 = 997 – 232 = 765
………………………….. 232 x 3 = 696
765 696
c. 989 -011 989 is 11 below base 1000 and 998 is 2 below
x 998 -2 base 1000 . 989 – 2 = 998 – 11= 987
…………………………….. and 11 x 2 = 22
987 022
d. 885 - 115 885 is 115 below base 1000 and 997 is 3 below
x 997 -3 base 1000 . 885 – 3 = 997 -115 =882
…………………………… and 115 x 3 = 345
882 345
e. 883 -117 883 is 117 below base 1000 and 998 is 2 below
x 998 -2 base 1000 .
……………………… 883 -2 = 881 and 117 x 2 = 234
881 234
f. 467 -533 467 is 533 below base 1000 and 998 is 2 below
x 998 -2 base 1000 .
……………………… 467 – 2 = 465 and 533 x 2 = 1066
465 1066
……………………….
466 066
g. 891 -109 891 is 109 below base 1000 and 989 is 19

x 989 -11 below base 1000.
………………………… 891 – 11=989 – 109 = 880
880 1199 and 109 x 11 = 1199
…………………………
881 199
h. 8888 -1112 8888 is 1112 below base 10000 and 9996 is

x 9996 -4 4 below base 10000
…………………………………. 8888 – 4 = 9996 – 1112 = 8884
8884 4448 and 1112 x 4 = 4448
i. 6999 -3001 6999 is 3001 below base 10000 and 9997 is
x 9997 -3 3 below base 10000
………………………………… 6999 -3 = 9997 – 3001 = 6996
6996 9003 and 3001 x 3 = 9003
j. 90909 -9091 90909 is 9091 below base 100000 and 99994

x 99994 -6 is 6 below base 100000
…………………………………. 90909 – 6 = 99994 – 9091 = 90903
90903 54546 and 9091 x 6 = 54546
k. 78989 -21011 78989 is 21011 below base 100000 and

x 99997 -3 99997 is 3 below base 100000
……………………………………… 78989 – 3 = 99997 – 21011 =78986
78986 63033 and 21011 x 3 = 63033
l. 9876 -0124 9876 is 124 below base 10000 and

x 9998 -2 9998 is 2 below 10000
………………………………… 9876 – 2 = 9998 – 0124 = 9874
9874 0248 and 0124 x 2 = 0248
Practice H :
a. 1222 +222 1222 is 222 above base 10000 and 1003
x 1003 +3 is 3 above base 10000
……………………………….. 1222+3 = 1003 +222 = 1225
1225 666 and 222 x 3 = 666
b. 1051 +051 1051 is 051 above base 10000 and

x 1007 +7 1007 is 7 above base 10000
………………………………… 1051 +7 = 1007 +51 = 1058
1058 357 and 51 x 7 = 357
c. 1123 +123 1123 is 123 above base 10000 and

x 1002 +2 1002 is 2 above base 10000
………………………………… 1123 +2 = 1002 +123 = 1125
1125 246 and 123 x 2 = 246
d. 1007 +7 1007 is 7 above base 10000 and
x 1006 +6 1006 is 6 above base 10000
………………………………… 1007 +6=1006+7 = 1013
1013 042 and 7 x 6 = 42
e. 15111 +5111 15111 is 5111 above base 100000 and

x 10003 +3 10003 is 3 above base 100000
…………………………………….. 15111+3 = 10003 +5111 = 15114
15114 15333 5111 x 3 = 15333
……………………………………
15115 5333
Practice I:
a. 212 x 103
= 2 x 106 x 103
Now multiply 106 and 103 by Vertically and cross wise
multiplication sutra
106 +6
X 103 +3
…………………………
109 18
So 212 x 103 = 2 x 10918 = 21836
b. 106 x 208
= 106 x 2 x 104
106 +6
X 104 +4
……………………….
110 24
= 2 x 11024 = 22048
c. 182 x 98
By doubling and halving we get
= 91 x 98 x 2
91 -9
X 98 -2
……………………..
89 18
So 182 x 98 = 2 x 8918 = 17836
d. 93 x 186
By doubling and Halving we get ,
= 93 x 93 x 2
93 -7
X 93 -7
…………………….
86 49
So 93 x 186 = 2 x 8649 = 17298
e. 93 x 46
By doubling and Halving we get ,
93 x 46 x 2 ( double 46 to get 92 which is close to base 100)
= 93 x 92
= 93 -7
X 92 -8
…………………….
85 56
Half of 8556 is 4278
f. 56 x 104
double 56 to get 112 and last half the answer
112 x 104
= 116 48
Half of 116 48 is 5824
g. 306 x 118
= 3 x 102 x 118
= 3 x 12036
= 36108
h. 51 x 104
double 51 to get 102 and then half the answer
= 102 x 104
= 10608
Half of 10608 is 5304
i. 206 x 54
= 2 x 103 x 2 x 54 ( double 54 and half the answer)
= 2 x 103 x 108
= 2 x 11124
= 22248
Half of 22248 is 11124
j. 44 x 99
= 88 x 99 ( double 44 and half the answer)
88 -12
X 99 -1
………………………
87 12
Half of 8712 is 4356
k. 48 x 184
= 48 x 92 ( half 184 and double 48)
=96 x 92
96 -4
X 92 -8
………………………..
88 32
So 48 x 184 = 8832
l. 228 x 212
= 2 x 114 x 2 x 106
= 4 x 120 84
= 48336
Practice J : Multiply mentally

a. 41 +1 41 and 42 are close to base 40 ( 4 x 10)
x 42 +2
………………………………
4x 43 / 2
= 1722
b. 204 +4 204 and 207 are close to base 200 (2 x 100)
x 207 +7
………………………………
2x 211 / 28
= 422 28
c. 321 +21 321 and 303 are close to base 300 (3 x 100)
x 303 +3
………………………….
3 x 324 / 63
= 972 63
d. 203 +03 203 and 208 are close to base 200 ( 2 x 100)
x 208 +08
……………………………..
2x 211 / 24
= 422 24
e. 902 +02 902 and 909 are close to base 900 ( 9 x 100)
x 909 +09
……………………………
9 x 911 / 18
= 8199 18
f. 48 +8 48 and 47 are close to base 40 ( 4 x 10)

x 47 +7
…………………………
4 x 55 / 56
= 2256
g. 188 -12 188 and 196 are close to base 200 ( 2 x100)
x 196 - 4
……………………………
2x 184 / 48
= 368 48
h. 199 -1 199 and 198 are close to base 200 ( 2 x100)
x 198 -2
………………………….
2 x 197 / 02
= 39402
i. 189 -11 189 and 194 are close to base 200 ( 2 x 100)
x 194 -6
………………………….
2 x 183 / 66
= 366 66
j. 207 +07 207 and 211 are close to base 200 ( 2 x 100)
x 211 +11
……………………………..
2 x 218 /77
= 436 77
k. 312 +12 312 and 307 are close to base 300 ( 3x 100)
x 307 +7
…………………………….
3x 319 /84
= 957 84
l. 5003 +3 5003 and 5108 are close to base 5000

x 5108 +108 i.e 5 x 1000
……………………………………
5x 5111 / 324
= 25555 /324
= 25555 324
m. 63 +3 63 and 61 are close to base 60 ( 6 x 10)

x 61 +1
………………………..
6x 64 / 3
= 3843
n. 23 +3 23 and 24 are close to base 20 ( 2x 10)
x 24 +4
……………………………
2 x 27 /12
= 54 12
= 552
o. 79 -1 79 and 77 are close to base 80 ( 8x 10)

x 77 -3
………………………….
8 x 76 /3
= 6083
Practice K : Find
a. 97 x 993
97 -3 97 is 3 below base 100 and 993 is 7 below
X 993 -7 base 1000 .
…………………………….. equating to same base 1000 , multiply 97
963 21 by 10 i.e 970 which is 30 below 1000
Subtract 30 from 993 we get 963

Multiply deficiencies 30 by 7 we get 210
Now 970 x 993 = 963 210
So 97 x 993 =963 21
b. 92 x 989
92 -8 92 is 8 below base 100 and 989 is 11
X 989 -11 below base 1000.
…………………………….. equating to same base 1000, multiply 92
909 88 by 10 i.e 920 which is 80 below 1000
Subtract 920 – 11 = 989 – 80 = 909
Multiply 80 by 11 we get 880
Now 920 x 989 = 909880
So 92 x 989 = 90988
c. 9988 x 98
X 98 -2 below base 100.
…………………………………. Equating to same base 10000,multiply 98
9788 24 by 100 i.e 9800 which is 200 below
10000.
Subtract 9800 – 12 = 9988 – 200 = 9788
Now 9988 x 9800 = 9788 2400
So 9988 x 98 = 9788 24
d. 9996 x 988
9996 -4 9996 is 4 below base 10000 and 988 is
X 988 -12 12 below base 1000.
……………………………….. Equating to equal base multiply 988 by 10
9876 480 i.e 9880 which is 120 below 10000
Subtract 9996 – 120 =9880 – 4= 9876
Now 9996 x 9880 = 9876 480
So 9996 x 988 = 9876 048
Practice L: Find
a. 103 x 1015 103 is 3 above base 100 and 1015 is
103 +3 15 above base 1000 .
X 1015 +15 equating to equal base multiply by 10
…………………………. i.e 1030 which is 30 above base 1000
1045 45 Adding 1030 +15= 1015+30=1045
Now 1030 x 1015 = 1045 450
So 103 x 1015 = 1045 45
b. 106 x 1012
106 +6 106 is 6 above base 100 and 1012 is 12
X 1012 +12 above base 1000 .
……………………………….. equating to equal base multiply by 10
1072 72 i.e 1060 which is 60 above base 1000
Adding 1060 + 12 = 1012 +60 = 1072
Now 1060 x 1012 = 1072 720
So 106 x 1012 = 1072 72
c. 10034 x 102
10034 +34 10034 is 34 above base 10000 and 102
X 102 +2 is 2 above base 100 .
……………………………….. equating to equal base multiply by 100
Adding 10034 +200 = 10200+34=10234
Multiply 34 by 200 6800
Now 10034 x 10200 = 10234 6800
So 10034 x 102 = 10234 68
d. 1122 x 104
1122 +122 1122 is 122 above 1000 and 104 is 4
X 104 +4 above base 100 .
…………………………………. Equating to equal base multiply by 10
………………………………… Adding 1122 + 40 = 1040+122= 1162
1166 88 multiply 122 by 40 we get 4880
Now 1122 x 1040 = 1166 880
So 1122 x 104 = 1166 88
Practice M: Square the following

a. 94 -6 94 is 6 below base 100
x 94 -6 94-6= 88 and 6 x 6 = 36 using V& C
…………………………. sutra
88 36
b. 103 +3 103 is 3 above base 100

x 103 +3 103 +3= 106 and 3 x 3 =9 using V &C
………………………… sutra
106 09 As here base is 100 ( 2 zeros) so there must
be 2 digits 0n right
c. 108 +8 108 is 8 above base 100
x 108 +8 108 +8=116 and 8 x 8 =64 using V&C
……………………….. sutra
116 64
d. 1012 +12 1012 is 12 above base 1000

x 1012 +12 1012 +12=1024 and 12 x 12=144
…………………………….. using V & C
1024 144
e. 98 -2 98 is 2 below base 100
x 98 -2 98-2=96 and 2 x 2=4 using V & C
…………………………..
96 04 As base is 100 ( 2 zeros). So there must be 2
figures on right by adding a zero.
f. 88 -12 88 is 12 below base 100 .

x 88 -12 88-12=76 and 12 x 12=144
…………………….....
76 144
………………………
7744
g. 91 -9 91 is 9 below base 100

x 91 -9 91-9= 82 and 9 x 9 =81
……………………….
82 81
h. 10006 +6 10006 is 6aboe base 10000

x 10006 +6 10006 +6 = 10012 and 6 x 6 = 36
…………………………………
10012 0036 As base 10000 ( 4 zeros)so there must be 4
figures on right.
i. 988 -12 988 is 12 below base 1000
x 988 -12 988 -12=976 and 12 x 12= 144
……………………………..
976 144
……………………………..
97744
j. 997 -3 997is 3 below base 1000

x 997 -3 997 -3 = 994 and 3 x 3=9
……………………………..
994 009 As base is 1000 ( 3 zeros) so there must be
3 figures on right
k. 9999 -1 9999 is 1 below base 10000

x 9999 -1 9999 - 1= 9998 and 1 x 1=1
……………………………
9998 0001 As base is 10000( 4 zeros) so there must be
4 figures adding 3 more zeros on right.
l. 9989 -11 9989 is 11 below base 10000

x 9989 -11 9989 – 11= 9978 and 11 x 11=121
…………………………..
9978 0121 As base is 10000( 4 figures) so there must
be 4 figures on right .
m. 111 +11 111 is 11 above base 100

x 111 +11 111+11 = 122 and 11 x 11=121
………………………………
122 121
…………………………….
12321 As base is 100 (2 zeros) so there must be 2
figures on right by adding carry 1 to 122
n. 13 +3 13 is 3 above base 10
x 13 +3 13+3=16 and 3 x 3=9
……………………..
16 9
0. 987 -13 987 is 13 below base 1000

X 987 -13 987-13=974 and 13 x 13=169
……………………………
974 169
Practice N: square the following

a. 206 +6 206 is 6 above base 200
x 206 +6 206 +6=212 and 6 x 6= 36
………………………… base is 200 so multiply left side by 2
2 x 212 | 36
= 424 36
b. 212 +12 212 is 12 above base 200

x 212 +12 212 +12=224 and 12 x 12=144
……………………………..
2 x 224 | 144 base is 200 so multiply by 2 on left side
……………………………
448 |144
…………………………...
44944
c. 302 +2 302 is 2 above base 300

x 302 +2 302+2=304 and 2 x 2=4
………………………
3 x 304 |04 base is 300 so multiply by 3 on left side
……………………… base is 300 (2 zeros) so there must be 2
912 04 figures on right side
d. 601 +1 601 is 1 above base 600
x 601 +1 601 +1=602 and 1 x 1=1
…………………………
…………………………. Base is 600 ( 2 zeros) so there must be 2
3612 01 figures on right side.
e. 21 +1 21 is 1 above base 20
x 21 +1 21+1=22 and 1 x 1=1
………………………….
………………………..
441
f. 72 +2 72 is 2 above base 70
x 72 +2 72+2=74 and 2 x 2=4
……………………..
= 518 4
g. 4012 +12 4012 is 12 above base 4000

x 4012 +12 4012+12=4024 and 12 x 12 = 144
…………………………………
……………………………….. base is 4000( 3 zeros) so there must be 3
16096 144 figures on right side.
h. 511 +11 511 is 11 above base 500

x 511 +11 511+11=522 and 11 x 11=121
………………………….
…………………………..
2610 121 base is 500( 2 zeros) so there must be 2
…………………………… figures on right side.
2611 21
Practice O : The following exercise contains a mixture of different
types of multiplication so far.
a. 654 x 3
= 181512 = 1962
b. 86 -14 86 is 14 below base 100 and 98 is 2 below 100

x 98 -2 86-2=98-14=84 and 14 x 2= 28
…………………………..
84 28
c. 97 -3 97 is 3 below base 100 and 92 is 8 below 100

x 92 -8 97-8= 92-3=89 and 3 x 8=24
………………………….
89 24
d. 73 x 4
= 73 x 2 x 2= 146 x 2= 2812 = 292 ( double 2 times)
e. 7 x 22
= 1414 = 154
f. 16 x 24
= 2 x 16 x 12 ( doubling and halving)
= 2 x 18 12 ( 16 is 6 above base 10 and 18 is 8 above base 10)
= 2 x 192
= 384
g. 798 x 997
798 - 202 798 is 202 below base 1000 and 997 is 3 below
X 997 -3 base 1000 .
………………………… 798 – 3=997-202= 795 and 202 x 3= 606
795 606
h. 8899 - 1101 8899 is 1101 below base 10000
x 9993 -7 9993 is 7 below base 10000
…………………………………… 8899- 7=9993-1101= 8892
8892 7707 1101 x 7 = 7707
i. 𝟏𝟎𝟔𝟐
106 +6 106 is 6 above base 100
X 106 +6 106+6=112 and 6 x 6 = 36
………………………….
112 36
j. 𝟗𝟗𝟔𝟐
996 -4 996 is 4 below base 1000
X 996 -4 996-4=992 and 4 x 4= 16
………………………. As base is 1000( 3 zeros) so there must be
992 016 3 figures on right side.
k. 103 x 109
X 109 +9 above base 100.
……………………………. 103+9=112 and 3 x 9=27
112 27
l. 123 x 104
X 104 +4 above base 100
……………………………. 123+4=127 and 23 x 4=92
127 92
m. 203 x 209
X 209 +9 above base 200
………………………………. 203+9=212 and 3 x 9=27
2 x 212 |27 As base is 200 multiply by 2 on left side
……………………………..
424 27
n. 188 x 197
X 197 -3 below base 200
…………………………… 188-3=185 and 12 x 3=36
2 x 185 | 36 As base is 200 multiply by 2 on left side
……………………………..
370 36
o. 87 x 97
87 -13 87 is 13 below base 100 and 97 is 3 below
X 97 -3 base 100
……………………….. 87-3=84 and 13 x 3= 39
84 39
p. 32 x 33
32 +2 32 is 2 above base 30 and 33 is 3 above
X 33 +3 base 30
…………………………… 32+3=35 and 3 x 2= 6
3x 35 |6 As base is 30 multiply by 3 on left side.
…………………………
105 6
q. 2004 x 2017
x 2017 +17 above base 2000.
…………………………….. 2004+17=2021 and 17 x 4=68
2 x 2021 | 0068 As base is 2000 multiply by 2 on left side
…………………………………. And base is 2000( 3 zeros) so there must be
4042 068 3 figures on right by adding one zero.
r. 9997 x 98
9997 -3 9997 is 3 below base 10000
X 98 -2 98 is 2 below base 100
……………………………… equating to equal base multiply by 100
9797 06 i.e 9800 which is 200 below base 10000
9800-3=9997-200 = 9797
And 200 x 3=600
Now 9997 x 9800 = 9797 600
So 9997 x 98 = 9797 06 ( as base is 100 , must be2 figures on
right)
s. 1023 x 102
1023 +23 1023 is 23 above base 1000 and 102 is
X 102 +2 2 above base 100
………………………………… Equating to equal base multiply by 10
1043 | 46 i.e 1020 which is 20 above base 1000
1023+20=1020+23=1043
23 x 20=460
Now 1023 x 1020= 1043 460
So 1023 x 102 = 1043 46
LESSON 8
CHECKING AND DIISIBILITY
Practice A: Divide the following and check using digit sum.
a. 3) 4681
……………………………….
1560 Rem 1
Check - 4681 = 3 x 1560 +1
Digit sum of 4681= 4+6=10=1
Digit sum of 3 x 1560 +1= 3 x 3+1=10=1+0=1
This is true so division is correct.
b. 4) 9 1 3
……………………….
228 rem 1
Check- 913= 4 x 228+1
Digit sum of 913 is 1+3=4
Digit sum of 4 x 228 +1= 4 x 3+1=13=1+3=4
c. 5 ) 7032
……………………………..
1406 rem 2
Check- 7032= 5 x 1406 +2
Digit sum of 7032 = 7+3+2=12=1+2=3
Digit sum of 5 x 1406+2= 5 x 2+2= 12=1+2=3
d. 6) 321
……………………..
53 rem 3
Check- 321 = 6 x 53+3
Digit sum of 321= 3+2+1=6
Digit sum of 6 x 53 +3= 6 x 8+3= 51=5+1=6
e. 7) 222
…………….
31 rem 5
Check - 222 = 7 x 31 +5
Digit sum of 222= 6
Digit sum of 7 x 31+5= 7 x 4+5= 33=3+3=6
f. 8) 9080
……………………….
1135 rem 0
Check- 9080 = 8 x 1135 +0
Digit sum of 9080=8
Digit sum of 8 x 1135+0= 8 x 1+0=8
g. 9 ) 1001
…………………………
111 rem 2
Check- 1001= 9 x 111 +2
Digit sum of 1001= 2
Digit sum of 9 x 111+2= 9 x 3+2= 29=2
h. 2) 34567
……………………..
17283 rem 1
Check- 34567= 2 x 17289 +1
Digit sum of 34567= 3+4+5+6+7= 25=2+5=7
Digit sum of 2 x 17283+1= 2 x 3+1=7
Practice B : Approximate the following.
a. 723 x 81
723 close to 700 and 81 close to 80
By First by first sutra of VM , 700 x 80=56000
So 723 x 81 approximate to 60000 i.e more than 56000
b. 67 x 82
By first by first sutra of VM , 70 x 80 = 5600
So 67 x 82 approximate to 5000 to 6000
c. 4133 x 572
By first by first sutra of vm , 4100 x 500 = 2050000
So 4133 x 572 approximate to 2000000 to 3000000
d. 38 x 49
By first by first sutra of VM , 40 x 50 = 2000
So 38 x 49 approximate to 2000
e. 6109 x 377
By first by first and last by last sutra of VM ,
6000 x 400 = 2400000
So 6109 x 377 approximate to 2000000
f. 3333 x 4444
By first by first sutra of VM, 3000 x 4000 = 12000000
So 3333 x 4444 approximate to 10,000,000
g. 1812 x 1066
By first by first sutra of VM , 2000 x 1000 = 2,000,000
So 1812 x 1066 approximate to 2,000,000
Practice C : What is the last figure in the following sum.?

a. 456 x 567
multiplying last digit of two numbers we get 6 x7=42
last figure in the multiplication of 456 x 567 is 2
b. 76543 x 97
multiplying last figure of two numbers we get 3 x 7=21
c. 67 x 78 x89
multiplying last figure of three numbers we get 7 x 8 x9= 504
last figure in the multiplication of 67 x 78 x 89 is 4
d. 789 +987
Adding last figure of two numbers we get 9+7=16
Last figure in the addition of 789+98 is 6
e. 346 x 564
multiplying last figure of two numbers we get 6 x 4= 24
f. 5328+9845
Adding last figure of two numbers we get 8+5=13
Last figure in the addition of 5328+9845 is 3
Practice D: for each of the numbers below , write down total

this formula gives you and then write down whether 4 divides into
number or not.
a. 246
Using the sutra “ultimate and twice the penultimate” we get
2 x 4+6=14
14 is not divisible by 4
So 246 is not divisible by 4
b. 656
using the sutra “ultimate and twice the penultimate” we get
2 x 5+6 =16
16 is divisible by 4
So 656 is divisible by 4
c. 92
Using the sutra “Ultimate and twice penultimate “ we get
2 x9+2=20
20 is divisible by 4
d. 5573
2 x 7+3=17
e. 7624
Using the sutra “ ultimate and twice Penultimate “ we get
2 x 2+4=8
8 is divisible by 4
f. 345678
2 x 7+8=22
Practice E : Test the following numbers for divisibility by 11

a. 5192
Sum of digits in odd places = 5+9 = 14
Sum of digits in even places = 1+2=3
Difference between sum of digits in odd places and even places =
14 -3
=11
b. 3476
Sum of digits in odd places = 3+7=10
Sum of digits in even places = 4+6=10
10 – 10
=0
c. 1358016
Sum of digits in odd places = 1+5+0+6 = 12
Sum of digits in even places = 3+8+1= 12
12 – 12
= 0
d. 85547
Sum of digits in odd places = 8+5+7= 20
Sum of digits in even places = 5+4= 9
20 -9
=11
e. 570317
Sum of digits in odd places = 5+0+1=6
Sum of digits in even places = 7+3+7= 17
17 – 6
= 11
f. 1030607
sum of digits in odd places = 1+3+6+7= 17
sum of digits in even places = 0
17 -0
=17
Practice F: Find the remainder from 11 for each of the following

number.
a. 71263
Remainder from 11 is (7+2+3) – ( 1+6)= 5
b. 45678
Remainder after dividing by 11 is (4+6+8) –( 5+7)= 6
c. 203527
Remainder after dividing by 11 is (7+5+0)-( 2+3+2)= 12-7=5
d. 67
Remainder dividing by 11 is 7-6=1
e. 349
Remainder dividing by 11 is (3+9)-4= 12-4=8
f. 3817
Remainder dividing by 11 is (8+7)-(3+1)= 15-4=11 or 11-11= 0
So remainder dividing by 11 is 0
g. 1827
Remainder dividing by 11 is (8+7)-(1+2)= 12
Or 12-11=1
So remainder dividing by 11 is 1
h. 8351
Remainder dividing by 11 is (1+3)-(8+5)= -9 or 11-9=2
So remainder is -9 or 2
i. 481
Remainder dividing by 11 is (4+1)-8=-3 or -3+11=8
j. 34143
Remainder dividing by 11 is (3+1+3)- (4+4)=-1 or -1+11=10
So remainder is -1or 10
k. 523281
Remainder dividing by 11 is (1+2+2)-(8+3+5)= 5-16=-11
or -11+11=0
so remainder is 0
l. 909192
Remainder dividing by 11 is (2+1+0)- (9+9+9)= 3-27=-24
Or -24+11= -13+11=-2
Or -2+11=9
Practice G: Which of the following sums are correct according to

alternative digit sum check.?
a. 213312 x 45 = 9599040
Remainder dividing 213312 by 11 is (2+3+1)- (1+3+2)= 6-6=0
Remainder dividing 45 by 11 is 5-4=1
Remainder dividing 9599040 by 11 is 0 (casting out all 9)
So 0 x 1 = 0 this calculation is correct
b. 234 x 234 = 54756

Remainder dividing 234 by 11 is (4+2)-3=3
Remainder dividing 54756 by 11 is ( 5+7+6)- ( 4+5)= 9
So 3 x 3=9
This calculation is correct.
c. 3741 x 45 = 186345
Remainder dividing 3741 by 11 is (1+7)-( 3+4)= 1
Remainder dividing 186345 by 11 is ( 5+3+8)- (1+6+4)= 16-11=5
So 1 x 1 = 5
This is incorrect.
d. 86 x 68 =5848
Remainder dividing 86 by 11 is 6-8=-2
Remainder dividing 5848 by 11 is (8+8)- (5+4)= 16-9=7
So -2 x 2=7
This is incorrect.
e. 876 x 333= 290808

Remainder dividing 876by 11 is (6+8)-7=7
Remainder dividing 333 by 11 is (3+3)-3=3
Remainder dividing 290808 by 11 is ( 8+8+9)- (0+0+2)= 23
So 7 x 3=23
This is incorrect
f. 1011 x 1101 = 1113111

Remainder dividing 1011 by 11 is (1+0)-(1+1)= -1
Remainder dividing 1101 by 11 is (1+1)-(1+0)= 1
Remainder dividing 1113111 by 11 is (1+1+1+1)-( 1+3+1)= -1
So -1 x 1=-1
This is correct
LESSON 9
BAR NUMBERS
Practice A: Convert the following numbers.

̅
a. 𝟔𝟏
̅ = 60 – 1= 59
61 is close to 60 . so 𝟔𝟏
̅
b. 8𝟐
= 80- 2= 78
̅
c. 3𝟑
= 30 – 3=27
̅
d. 5𝟕
= 50 – 7= 43
̅
e. 46𝟐
= 400+60-2= 458
̅
f. 999𝟏
= 9900+90-1= 9989
̅
g. 1𝟐
= 10-2=8
̅
h. 11𝟏
= 100+10-1=109
̅
i. 12𝟑
= 100+20-3= 117
̅𝟎
j. 3𝟒
= 300 -40-= 260
Practice B: Remove Bar numbers
̅𝟒
a. 6𝟏
splitting we get ̅ | 4 = (60-1)|4= 594
𝟔𝟏
̅𝟑
b. 𝟒𝟐
= (40-2) | 3= 383
̅𝟓
c. 5𝟐
= ( 50-2) | 5= 485
̅𝟕
d. 3𝟏
= 3𝟏̅ | 7 = (30-1) |7 = 297
̅𝟑
e. 45𝟐
̅ | 3= 4483
= 4 | 5𝟐
̅𝟑
f. 333𝟐
̅| 3= 33283
= 33| 3 𝟐
̅𝟑𝟐
g. 5𝟏
= 5𝟏̅ | 32 = 4932
h. 𝟔𝟐̅𝟕𝟑
̅
̅ | 𝟕𝟑
= 6𝟐 ̅ = 5867
̅𝟏
i. 2𝟏
= 2𝟏̅ | 1 = 191
̅𝟏
j. 41𝟑
̅ |𝟏
= 4 | 1𝟑 = 4000+100-30+1=4101-30= 4071
k. 1𝟑̅𝟏𝟓𝟏̅
= 1𝟑̅ | 𝟏 | 𝟓𝟏
̅ = 7149
̅𝟏
l. 1𝟑
= 1𝟑̅ | 𝟏 = 71
Practice C : Remove bar numbers
̅̅̅̅
a. 6𝟏𝟐
= 600-12 = 588
( 6 reduced to 5 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 12)
̅̅̅̅
b. 7𝟑𝟑
= 700 -33 = 667
( 7 is reduced to 6 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 33 )
̅̅̅̅
c. 5𝟏𝟏
= 500 -11 = 489
̅̅̅̅
d. 9𝟎𝟒
= 900 - 04 = 896
(9 reduced to 8 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 04)
̅̅̅̅
e. 72𝟒𝟏
= 7000+200-41=7000+ 159 =7159
̅̅̅̅
f. 333𝟐𝟐
= 33000+300-22= 33000+278 = 33278
̅̅̅̅𝟒
g. 6𝟐𝟏
= 6000-210+4 = 5790+4= 5794
̅̅̅̅𝟐𝟐
h. 5𝟑𝟏
= 50000-3100+22 = 46900+22=46922
̅̅̅̅𝟒𝟒
i. 33 𝟐𝟐
= 330000 – 2200+44 = 327800+44= 327844
̅̅̅̅̅̅
j. 𝟕𝟑𝟑𝟑
= 7000 -333 = 6667
̅̅̅̅̅̅
k. 5𝟏𝟎𝟒
= 5000 -104= 4896
( 5 reduced to 4 and aply all from 9 and last from 10 to 104)
̅̅̅̅̅̅
l. 44𝟏𝟏𝟐
= 44000- 112= 43888
̅̅̅̅̅̅
m. 74𝟎𝟑𝟏
= 74000-031= 73969
̅̅̅̅̅̅𝟏
n. 7𝟏𝟎𝟑
= 70000-1030+1=68970+1=68971
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
o. 6𝟑𝟑𝟐𝟐
= 60000-3322 =56678
p. 3𝟏̅𝟏𝟎𝟐̅
= 3𝟏̅ | 𝟏 𝟎𝟐
̅ = 2998
̅̅̅̅𝟒𝟏
q. 3𝟏𝟏 ̅
̅̅̅̅ | 𝟒𝟏
= 3𝟏𝟏 ̅ = 28939
( 3 reduced to 2 and apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 11 )
̅𝟏𝟐𝟐
r. 3𝟐 ̅̅̅̅
= 3𝟐̅ | 𝟏𝟐𝟐̅̅̅̅ = 28078
Practice D : Subtract using Bar numbers.
a. 54 3
- 16 8
……………………..
4 𝟐 ̅
̅ 𝟓 ̅ )
̅ , 3-8= -5 = 𝟓
( 4-6=-2= 𝟐
……………………...
37 5 ( 4 reduced to 3 and apply all from 9 and last from
10 to 25)
b. 5 6 7 c 8 0 4 d. 7 3 7
- 2 7 9 - 3 8 8 - 5 5 8
…………………….. …………………….. ……………………..
̅ 𝟐
3 𝟏 ̅ ̅ 𝟒
5 𝟖 ̅ ̅ 𝟏
2 𝟐 ̅
…………………….. ……………………… ………………………
28 8 4 1 6 1 7 9
e. 6 4 1 3 f. 8 0 2 4 g. 6 5 4 3
- 1 8 7 8 - 5 3 3 9 - 2 8 8 1
………………………… ……………………….. …………………………..
̅ 𝟔
5 𝟒 ̅
̅ 𝟓 ̅ 𝟏
3 𝟑 ̅
̅ 𝟓 ̅ 𝟒
4 𝟑 ̅ 𝟐
………………………… ………………………. …………………………
4 5 3 5 2 6 8 5 3 6 6 2
h. 7 1 0 3 i. 4 5 4 5 j. 3 2 0 4
-3 9 9 1 - 1 7 9 1 - 2 0 8 1
…………………………… ……………………….. …………………………..
̅ 𝟗
4 𝟖 ̅ 𝟐 3 𝟐 ̅ 𝟒
̅ 𝟓 1 2 𝟖̅ 𝟑
………………………… ……………………….. …………………………..
31 1 2 2 7 5 4 1 1 2 3
Practice E : Put the following into bar form.

a. 49
̅
= 50 – 1= 5𝟏
b. 58
̅
= 60 – 2= 6𝟐
c. 77
̅
= 80-3 = 8𝟑
d. 88
̅
= 90 – 2= 9𝟐
e. 69 f. 36 g. 17
̅
= 70 – 1= 7𝟏 ̅
= 40 – 4 = 4 𝟒 ̅
= 20 – 3= 2𝟑
h. 359 i. 848 j. 7719

̅
= 360-1 =36𝟏 ̅
= 850 – 2= 85𝟐 ̅
= 7720 – 1= 772𝟏
k. 328 l. 33339 m. 609

̅
= 330 – 2= 33𝟐 ̅
= 33340 – 1= 3334𝟏 ̅
= 610 – 1= 61𝟏
n. 708
̅
= 710-2= 71𝟐
Practice F : Remove large digit from the following

a. 38 b. 388
̅
= 40-2 = 4𝟐 ̅̅̅̅
= 400-12 = 4𝟏𝟐
c. 298 d. 378
̅
= 300 – 2= 30𝟐 ̅̅̅̅
= 400 – 22= 4𝟐𝟐
e. 3991 f. 3822
̅̅̅̅ 1
= (400-01)| 1 = 4𝟎𝟏 ̅𝟐𝟐
= (40-2) | 22 = 4𝟐
g. 4944 h. 390
̅𝟒𝟒
= ( 50 - 1)| 44 = 5𝟏 ̅𝟎
= (40-1) | 0= 4𝟏
i. 299 j. 98 k. 87
̅
= 300 – 1= 30𝟏 ̅
= 100 – 2= 10𝟐 ̅̅̅̅
= 100 – 13 = 1𝟏𝟑
l. 888 m. 996 n. 2939
̅̅̅̅̅̅
= 1000 – 112 = 1𝟏𝟏𝟐 ̅̅̅̅̅̅
= 1000 – 4 =1𝟎𝟎𝟒 = (30-1) | ( 40-1)
= 3𝟏̅ 𝟒𝟏
̅
o. 1849 p. 7
= ( 20 – 2)| ( 50 – 1) ̅
= 10 – 3 = 1𝟑
= 2𝟐̅ 𝟓𝟏
̅
LESSON 10
SPECIAL MULTIPLICATION
Practice A: Multiply by 11
a. 23 x 11
= 2 | ( 2+3) | 3 = 253
b. 61 x 11
= 6 | ( 6 + 1) | 1 = 671
c. 44 x 11
= 4 | ( 4 + 4) | 4 = 484
d. 50 x 11
= 5 | ( 5+ 0 ) | 0 = 550
Practice B : Fill in the table

Number Tick if divisible No. of times it divides
242 Yes 22 x 11
594 Yes 54 x 11
187 Yes 17 x 11
791 No 71 x11= 781 and not
791
693 Yes 63 x 11
Practice C : Try these

a. 68 x 11
= 6 | ( 6 + 8) | 8 = 6 14 8 = 748
b. 79 x 11
= 7 | ( 7 + 9 ) | 9 = 7 16 9 = 869
c. 47 x 11
= 4 | ( 4 + 7 ) | 7 = 4 11 7 = 517
d. 86 x 11
= 8 | ( 8 + 6 ) | 6 = 8 14 6 = 946
e. 55 x 11
= 5 | ( 5 + 5 ) | 5 = 5 10 5 = 605
f. 93 x 11
= 9 | ( 9 + 3) | 3 = 9 12 3= 1023
Practice D : Multiply the following by 11

a. 423 x 11
= 4 | ( 4+2) | ( 2+3) | 3 = 4 6 5 3
b. 636 x 11
= 6 | ( 6+3) | ( 3+ 6 ) | 6 = 6996
c. 534 x 11
= 5 | ( 5 +3) | ( 3+4) | 4 = 5 8 7 4
d. 516 x 11
= 5 | ( 5+1) | ( 1+ 6) | 6 = 5676
e. 706 x 11
= 7 | ( 7+ 0) | ( 0+6) | 6 = 7766
f. 260 x 11
= 2 | ( 2+6 ) | ( 6 + 0 ) | 0 = 2860
g. 444 x 11
= 4 | ( 4 +4) | ( 4+4) |4 = 4884
h. 135 x 11
= 1| ( 1+ 3) | ( 3+5) | 5 = 1485
i. 531 x 11
= 5 | ( 5+3) | ( 3+1) | 1 = 5841
Practice E : Multiply by 11
a. 384 x11
= 3 | ( 3+8) |( 8+4) | 4 = 3 11 12 4 = 4224
b. 629 x 11
= 6 | ( 6+ 2) | ( 2 + 9 ) | 9 = 6 8 11 9 = 6919
c. 888 x 11
= 8 | ( 8+8) | ( 8+8 ) | 8 = 8 16 16 8 = 9768
d. 555 x 11
= 5 | ( 5 + 5) | ( 5+5) |5 = 5 10 10 5 = 6105
e. 393 x 11
= 3 | ( 3+9) | ( 9+3) | 3 = 3 12 12 3 = 4323
f. 939 x 11
= 9 | ( 9+3) | ( 3+9) | 9 = 9 12 12 9 = 10329
Practice F : Multiply the following.

a. 73 x 77
Here first figures of 2 numbers are same i.e 7 and last figures of 2
numbers added to 10 i.e 3+7=10
= (7 x8) | ( 3 x 7) ( one more of 7 is 8 multiply 7 with 8
= 5621 and multiply last figure of 2 numbers)
b. 58 x 52
= (5 x 6 ) | (8 x 2) ( multiply 5 with one more of 5 i.e 6 and
multiply last figure of 2 numbers)
= 3016
c. 81 x 89
= ( 8 x 9) | ( 1 x9) ( multiply 8 with one more of 8 i.e 9 and
= 7209 multiply last figures of 2 numbers)
d. 104 x 106
Here first figures of 2 numbers are same i.e 10 and last figures
added to 10 i.e 4+6=10
= ( 10 x11) | ( 4 x 6) ( apply one more than one before sutra i.e
multiply 10 with 11( one more of 10 is 10+1)
and multiply last figures of 2 numbers)
= 110 24
e. 42 x 48
= ( 4 x 5) | ( 2 x 8) ( multiply 4 with one more of 4 i.e 5 and
= 2016 multiply last figures of 23 numbers 2and 8)
f. 34 x 36
= ( 3 x4) | ( 4 x 6) ( multiply 3 with one more of 3 i.e 4 and
= 1224 multiply last figure of 2 numbers 4 and 6)
g. 93 x 97
= 9021 multiply last figures of 2 numbers 3 and 7)
h. 27x 23
= 621 multiply last figures of 2 numbers 7 and 3)
i. 297x 293
= ( 29 x 30) | ( 7 x 3) ( multiply 29 with one more of 29 i.e 30
And multiply last figure of 2 numbers 7 and 3)
= 87021
j. 303 x 307
= ( 30 x 31) | ( 3 x 7) ( multiply 30 with one more of 30 i.e 31
= 93021 and multiply last figure of 2 numbers 3 and 7)
Practice G : Multiply the following

a. 64 x 38
= 2 x 32 x 38 ( using Proportionately sutra)
32 x 38 = ( 3 x4) | ( 2 x 8) ( multiply 3 with one more of 3 i.e 4
= 1216 and multiply last figure of 2 numbers 2 and 8)
So 64 x 38 = 2 x 1216 = 2432
b. 88 x 46
= 2 x 44 x 46 ( proportionate sutra)
44 x 46 = ( 4 x 5) | ( 4 x 6) ( One more than one before sutra)
= 2024
So 88 x 46 = 2 x 2024= 4048
c. 33 x74
= 33 x 2 x 37
= 2 x 33 x 37 ( Proportionately sutra)
33 x 37
= ( 3 x 4) | ( 3 x 7) ( One more than one before sutra)
= 1221
So 33 x 74 = 2 x 1221= 2442
d. 66 x 28
= 3 x 22 x 28 ( Proportionately sutra)
22 x 28
= 616
So 66 x 28 = 3 x 616 =1848
e. 36 x 78
=2 x 36 x 78 ( Doubling)
= 72 x 78
= ( 7 x 8) | ( 2 x 8) (One more than one before sutra)
= 5616
𝟓𝟔𝟏𝟔
= ( Halving)
𝟐
= 2808
f. 46 x 54
= 2 x 23 x 2 x 27 (Proportionately sutra)
=4 x 23 x 27
23 x 27
= ( 2 x 3) | ( 3 x 7) (One more than one before sutra)
= 621
So 46 x 54 = 4 x 621 = 2484
g. 298x 202
= 60196
h. 391 x 309
= ( 3 x4) | ( 91 x 09) (One more than one before sutra)
= 120819
i. 795 x 705
= ( 7 x 8) | ( 95 x 05) ( One more than one before sutra )
= 560475
j. 401x499
= ( 4 x5) | 01 x 99)
= 200099
Practice H : Find the following
a. 89 x 99
= ( 89 – 1) | ( 100 – 89) ( Apply One less than one before of
89 i.e 88 and apply All from 9 and
last from 10 to 89 i.e 11)
= 8811
b. 82 x 99
= ( 82 -1) | ( 100 – 82) ( Apply one less than one before to 82
i.e 81 and apply all from 9 and last
from 10 to 82 i.e. 18 )
= 8118
c. 19 x 99
= ( 19-1) | ( 100- 19) ( Apply one less than one before to19
i.e 18 and apply all from 9 and last
from 10 to 19 i.e 81)
= 1881
d. 45 x 99
= ( 45 – 1) | ( 100 – 45) ( Apply one less than one before to
45 i.e 44 and apply all from 9 and
last from 10 to 45 i.e 55 )
= 4455
e. 778 x 999
= ( 778 -1) | ( 1000 – 778) ( Apply one less than one
Before to 778 and apply all from 9
and last from 10 to 778 i.e 222)
= 777222
f. 7654 x 9999
= ( 7654 – 1) | ( 10000 – 7654) ( Apply one less than one
before to 7654 and apply all
from 9 and last from 10 to 7654 i.e 2346)
= 76532346
g. 79 x 999
= 079 x 999
= ( 079 -1) | ( 1000-079) ( Apply one less than one
before to 079 i.e 78 and apply
all from 9 and last from 10 to 079)
= 78921
h. 124 x 9999
= 0124 x 9999
= ( 124-1) | ( 10000 – 0124) ( Apply one less than one
before to 124 i.e 123 and apply
All from 9 and last from 10 to 0124)
= 123 9876
i. 8989 x 99999
= 08989 x 99999
= ( 08989-1) | (100000- 08989) ( Apply one less than one
before to 8989 i.e 8988 and
Apply all from 9 and last from 10 to 08989 i.e 91011)
= 898891011
j. 47 x 99999
= 00047 x 99999
= ( 00047 – 1) | ( 100000 – 00047)
( Apply one less than one before to 47 i.e 46 and apply all
from 9 and last from 10 to 00047 i.e 99953)
= 4699953
Practice I : Multiply the following

a. 38 x 78
Here first figures of 2 numbers added to 10 i.e 3+7=10 and last
figures are same i.e 8
By First by first and last by last , 3 x 7 +8=29 and 8 x 8=64
= ( 3 x 7+8) | ( 8 x 8)
= 2964
b. 26 x 86
= ( 2 x 8+6) | ( 6 x 6) ( By first by first and last by last)
= 2236
c. 91 x 11
= ( 9 x1+1) | ( 1 x1) ( By first by first and last by last sutra)
= 1001
d. 59 x 59
= ( 5 x 5+9) | ( 9 x9) ( By first by first and last by last sutra)
= 3481
e. 63 x 43
= ( 6 x4+3) | ( 3x 3) ( By first by first and last by last sutra)
= 2709
f. 24 x 84
= ( 2 x 8+4) | ( 4x 4) ( By first by first and last by last sutra)
= 2016
g. 88 x 28
= ( 8x2+8) | ( 8 x8) ( By first by first and last by last sutra)
= 2464
h. 29 x89
= 2581
i. 97 x 17
= ( 9 x1+7) | ( 7 x7) ( By first by first and last by last sutra)
= 1649
j. 64 x 44
= ( 6 x 4+4) | ( 4 x 4) ( By first by first and last by last sutra)
= 2816
k. 31 x 42
= 2 x 31 x 42 ( Doubling under proportionately sutra)
= 62 x 42 1st figures of 2 numbers added to 10i.e
6+4=10 and last figures are same i.e 2)
= ( 6 x 4+2) | ( 2 x 2) ( by first by first and last by last)
= 2604
𝟐𝟔𝟎𝟒
= ( Halving under Proportionately sutra)
𝟐
= 1302
l. 46 x 83
𝟒𝟔
= x 83 ( Halving under Proportionately sutra)
𝟐
= 23 x 83
= 1909
= 1909 x 2 ( Doubling under proportionately sutra)
= 3818
m. 93 x 71
𝟗𝟑
= x 71 ( Proportionately sutra)
𝟑
= 31 x 71 ( 1st figures added to 10 i.e 3+7=10 and last
figures are same i.e 1)
= ( 3 x 7+1) | ( 1 x1)
= 2201
= 2201 x 3 (proportionately sutra)
= 6603
n. 88 × 32
𝟖𝟖
= × 𝟑𝟐 × 𝟐 ( Proportionately sutra)
𝟐
= 44 × 𝟔𝟒
= ( 4 × 𝟔 + 𝟒) | ( 𝟒 × 𝟒) ( By first by first and last by last sutra)
= 2816
Practice J : Find
a. 49 × 𝟓𝟏
= ( 𝟓𝟎 − 𝟏) × ( 𝟓𝟎 + 𝟏) ( Average under Specific general sutra)
= 𝟓𝟎𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐
= 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎 − 𝟏 ( All from 9 and last from 10sutra )
= 𝟐𝟒𝟗𝟗
b. 𝟐𝟕 × 𝟑𝟑
= ( 𝟑𝟎 − 𝟑) × (𝟑𝟎 + 𝟑) ( Average under Specific General sutra)
= 𝟑𝟎𝟐 − 𝟑𝟐
= 𝟗𝟎𝟎 − 𝟗 ( apply All from 9 and last from 10 sutra)
= 𝟖𝟗𝟏
c. 𝟓𝟕 × 𝟔𝟑
= ( 𝟔𝟎 − 𝟑) × ( 𝟔𝟎 + 𝟑) ( Average under Specific general sutra)
= 𝟔𝟎𝟐 − 𝟑𝟐
= 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 − 𝟗 ( Apply all from 9 and last from 10 sutra)
= 𝟑𝟓𝟗𝟏
d. 𝟔𝟒 × 𝟔𝟔
= (𝟔𝟓 − 𝟏) × ( 𝟔𝟓 + 𝟏) ( Average under specific General Sutra)
= 𝟔𝟓𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐
= 𝟒𝟐𝟐𝟓 − 𝟏
= 4224
e. 𝟖𝟓 × 𝟔𝟓
= (𝟕𝟓 + 𝟏𝟎) × ( 𝟕𝟓 − 𝟏𝟎) ( Average under specific General sutra)
= 𝟕𝟓𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝟐
= 𝟓𝟔𝟐𝟓 – 𝟏𝟎𝟎
= 𝟓𝟓𝟐𝟓
f. 𝟓𝟓 × 𝟗𝟓
= (𝟕𝟓 − 𝟐𝟎) × ( 𝟕𝟓 + 𝟐𝟎) ( Average under Specific General sutra)
= 𝟕𝟓𝟐 − 𝟐𝟎𝟐
= 𝟓𝟔𝟐𝟓 − 𝟒𝟎𝟎
= 𝟓𝟐𝟐𝟓
g. 𝟑𝟑 × 𝟒𝟕
= (𝟒𝟎 − 𝟕) × ( 𝟒𝟎 + 𝟕) ( Average under Specific General Sutra)
= 𝟒𝟎𝟐 − 𝟕𝟐
= 𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟎 − 𝟒𝟗 ( Apply All from9 and last from 10 sutra)
= 𝟏𝟓𝟓𝟏
h. 𝟗𝟏 × 𝟗𝟗
= ( 𝟗𝟓 − 𝟒) × ( 𝟗𝟓 + 𝟒) ( Average under specific General Sutra)
= 𝟗𝟓 − 𝟒
𝟐 𝟐
= 𝟗𝟎𝟐𝟓 − 𝟏𝟔
= 𝟗𝟎𝟎𝟗
i. 𝟒𝟒 × 𝟒𝟖
= (𝟒𝟔 − 𝟐) × (𝟒𝟔 + 𝟐)
= 𝟒𝟔𝟐 − 𝟐𝟐
= 𝟐𝟏𝟏𝟔 − 𝟒
= 𝟐𝟏𝟏𝟐
j. 𝟒𝟑 × 𝟒𝟕
= ( 𝟒𝟓 − 𝟐) × ( 𝟒𝟓 + 𝟐)
= 𝟒𝟓𝟐 − 𝟐𝟐
= 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟓 − 𝟒
= 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟏
k. 𝟕𝟒 × 𝟖𝟔
= ( 𝟖𝟎 − 𝟔) × ( 𝟖𝟎 + 𝟔)
= 𝟖𝟎𝟐 − 𝟔𝟐
= 𝟔𝟒𝟎𝟎 − 𝟑𝟔
= 𝟔𝟑𝟔𝟒
l. 𝟗𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐
= ( 𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝟐) × ( 𝟏𝟎𝟎 + 𝟐)
= 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟐 − 𝟐𝟐
= 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 − 𝟒
= 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟔
m. 𝟔𝟐 × 𝟑𝟖
= ( 𝟓𝟎 − 𝟏𝟐 ) × ( 𝟓𝟎 − 𝟏𝟐)
= 𝟓𝟎𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝟐
= 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎 − 𝟏𝟒𝟒
= 𝟐𝟑𝟓𝟔
n. 𝟒𝟖 × 𝟕𝟐
= ( 𝟔𝟎 − 𝟏𝟐) × ( 𝟔𝟎 + 𝟏𝟐)
= 𝟔𝟎𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝟐
= 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 − 𝟏𝟒𝟒
= 𝟑𝟒𝟓𝟔
0. 𝟕𝟑 × 𝟗𝟑
= ( 𝟖𝟑 − 𝟏𝟎) × ( 𝟖𝟑 + 𝟏𝟎)
= 𝟖𝟑𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝟐
= 𝟔𝟖𝟖𝟗 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎
= 𝟔𝟕𝟖𝟗
p. 𝟏𝟗𝟔 × 𝟐𝟎𝟒
= ( 𝟐𝟎𝟎 − 𝟒) × ( 𝟐𝟎𝟎 + 𝟒)
= 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟐 − 𝟒𝟐
= 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 − 𝟏𝟔
=𝟑𝟗𝟗𝟖𝟒
Practice K : Find
All these comes under by mere observations sutra
a. 𝟒𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏
= 𝟒𝟔𝟒𝟔
b. 𝟐𝟒𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏
= 𝟐𝟒𝟔𝟐𝟒𝟔
c. 𝟑𝟐𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏
= 𝟑𝟐𝟏𝟑𝟐𝟏
d. 𝟒𝟑𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏
= 𝟒𝟑𝟗𝟒𝟑𝟗
e. 𝟑𝟒𝟓𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏
= 𝟑𝟒𝟓𝟔𝟑𝟒𝟓𝟔
f. 𝟓𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟏
= 𝟓𝟑𝟓𝟑𝟓𝟑
g. 𝟕𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏
= 𝟎𝟕𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏
= 𝟕𝟒𝟎𝟕𝟒
h. 𝟕𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏
= 𝟕𝟑𝟕𝟑
i. 𝟐𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟏
= 𝟐𝟗𝟐𝟗𝟐𝟗𝟐𝟗
j. 𝟐𝟕𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏
= 277 277
= 27977
k. 𝟓𝟐𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏
= 521 521
= 52621
l. 𝟔𝟏𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏
= 616 616
= 62216
Practice L : Find
a. 𝟓𝟒 × 𝟐𝟎𝟏 ( Proportionately Sutra)
= 10854 ( Double 54 then multiply 54 one times)
b. 𝟑𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐
= 3264 ( write 32 then double 32)
c. 𝟑𝟑𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟑
= 333999 ( write 333 then multiply 333 by 3)
d. 𝟒𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟎𝟏
= 418241 ( write 41 then multiply 41 by 2 then write 41)
e. 𝟑𝟑 × 𝟑𝟎𝟐𝟎𝟏
= 996633 ( multiply 33 by 3 then multiply 33 by 2 then
multiply 33 by 1)
f. 𝟏𝟕 × 𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟐
= 341734 ( multiply 17 by 2 then multiply 17 by 1 then
multiply 177 by 2)
g. 𝟏𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓
= 1365 ( Multiply 13 by 1 then multiply 13 by 5)
h. 𝟐𝟑𝟒 × 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟏
= 468234 ( multiply 234 by 2 then multiply 234 by 1)
i. 𝟐𝟑𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟑
= 234 702 ( multiply 234 by 1 then multiply 234 by 3)
j. 𝟒𝟑 × 𝟐𝟎𝟑
= 86 129 ( multiply 43 by 2 then multiply 43 by 3)
= 8729
Practice M : Use the special numbers to find

a. 𝟐𝟗 × 𝟐𝟖
= 𝟐𝟗 × 𝟕 × 𝟒
= 𝟐𝟎𝟑 × 𝟒 ( special number 29 x 7= 203)
= 812
b. 𝟑𝟓 × 𝟒𝟑
= 𝟓 × 𝟕 × 𝟒𝟑
= 𝟓 × 𝟑𝟎𝟏 ( special number 43 x 7=301)
= 1505
c. 𝟔𝟕 × 𝟗𝟑
= 𝟔𝟕 × 𝟑 × 𝟑𝟏
= 𝟐𝟎𝟏 × 𝟑𝟏 ( special number 67 x 3=201)
= 6231
d. 𝟖𝟔 × 𝟔𝟑
= 𝟐 × 𝟒𝟑 × 𝟕 × 𝟗
= 𝟏𝟖 × 𝟑𝟎𝟏 ( special number 43 x 7= 301)
= 5418
e. 𝟕𝟕 × 𝟒𝟑
= 𝟏𝟏 × 𝟕 × 𝟒𝟑
= 𝟏𝟏 × 𝟑𝟎𝟏 ( special number 43 x 7= 301)
= 3311
f. 𝟐𝟔 × 𝟕𝟕
= 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟑 × 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟏
= 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏 ( special number 13 x 7 x 11= 1001)
= 2002
g. 𝟑𝟒 × 𝟕𝟐
= 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟕 × 𝟔 × 𝟏𝟐
= 𝟐𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐 ( special number 17 x 6=102)
= 2448
h. 𝟓𝟕 × 𝟐𝟏
= 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟗 × 𝟐𝟏
= 𝟑 × 𝟒𝟎𝟏̅ ̅ )
( special number 19 x 21 = 399=𝟒𝟎𝟏
̅
= 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟑
= 1197
i. 𝟓𝟖 × 𝟔𝟑
= 𝟐 × 𝟐𝟗 × 𝟕 × 𝟗
= 𝟏𝟖 × 𝟐𝟎𝟑 ( special number 29 x 7= 203)
=3654
j. 𝟐𝟔 × 𝟐𝟑
= 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟑 × 𝟐𝟑
= 𝟐 × 𝟑𝟎𝟏̅ ̅)
( special number 13 x 23= 299=𝟑𝟎𝟏
̅
= 𝟔𝟎𝟐
= 598
k. 𝟏𝟑𝟒 × 𝟑𝟔
= 𝟐 × 𝟔𝟕 × 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟐
= 𝟐𝟒 × 𝟐𝟎𝟏 ( special number 67x3=201)
=4824
l. 𝟓𝟔 × 𝟐𝟗
= 𝟖 × 𝟕 × 𝟐𝟗
= 𝟖 × 𝟐𝟎𝟑 ( special number 29 x 7= 203)
=1624
m. 𝟗𝟑 × 𝟔𝟓
= 𝟑 × 𝟑𝟏 × 𝟏𝟑 × 𝟓
= 𝟏𝟓 × 𝟒𝟎𝟑 ( special number 31 x 13= 403)
=6045
n. 𝟓𝟒 × 𝟕𝟒
= 𝟐 × 𝟐𝟕 × 𝟑𝟕 × 𝟐
= 𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏̅ ̅)
( special number 27x37=999=𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏
̅
= 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟒
= 3996
o. 𝟑𝟗 × 𝟔𝟒
= 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟑 × 𝟖 × 𝟖
= 𝟐𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟒 (special number 13 x 8=104)
=2496
p. 𝟓𝟏 × 𝟒𝟐
= 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟕 × 𝟔 × 𝟕
= 𝟐𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐 ( special number 17 x6=102)
= 2142
LESSON 11
GENERAL MULTIPLICATION
Practice A: Multiply the following mentally.

a. 𝟕𝟑 × 𝟑
= 219 ( from left to right 7x3=21 3x3=9 , 73x3=219)
b. 𝟔𝟑 × 𝟕
= 4221 ( from left to right 6x7=42, 3x7=21, 63x7=4221)
= 441
c. 𝟒𝟐𝟒 × 𝟒
= 16816 ( from left to right 4x4=16 , 2x4=8, 4x4=16)
= 1696
d. 𝟕𝟕𝟕 × 𝟑
= 212121
= 2331
e. 𝟔𝟓𝟒 × 𝟑
= 181512
= 1962
f. 𝟕𝟏𝟕 × 𝟖
= 56856
=5736
g. 𝟖𝟕𝟔 × 𝟕
= 564942
= 6132
Practice B :Multiply mentally
a. 2 2
multiply vertically 2 x3 = 6
× 3 1 multiply crosswise and add 2x1+2x3=8
…………………… multiply vertically 2 x1= 2
68 2
b. 2 1 𝟐×𝟑=𝟔
𝟐×𝟏+𝟏×𝟑 =𝟓
× 3 1 𝟏×𝟏=𝟏
………………………….
65 1
c. 2 1 𝟐×𝟐=𝟒
𝟐×𝟐+𝟏×𝟐 =𝟔
2 2 𝟏×𝟐=𝟐
………………………
46 2
d. 2 2 𝟐×𝟏=𝟐
𝟐×𝟑+𝟏×𝟐 =𝟖
× 1 3 𝟐×𝟑=𝟔
…………………….
28 6
e. 6 1 𝟔 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟖
𝟔×𝟏+𝟏×𝟑 =𝟗
× 3 1 𝟏×𝟏=𝟏
………………………
1891
f. 3 2 𝟑×𝟐=𝟔
𝟑×𝟏+𝟐×𝟐 =𝟕
× 2 1 𝟐×𝟏=𝟐
……………………
67 2
g. 3 1 𝟑×𝟑=𝟗
𝟑×𝟏+𝟏×𝟑 =𝟔
3 1 𝟏×𝟏=𝟏
………………………
96 1
h. 1 3 𝟏×𝟏=𝟏
𝟏×𝟑+𝟑×𝟏 =𝟔
1 3 𝟑×𝟑=𝟗
……………………
16 9
Practice C: Multiply following mentally

a. 2 1 𝟐×𝟒=𝟖
𝟐 × 𝟕 + 𝟏 × 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟖
× 4 7 𝟏×𝟕=𝟕
………………………
8 18 7
……………………
98 7
b. 2 3 𝟐×𝟒=𝟖
𝟐 × 𝟑 + 𝟑 × 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟖
× 4 3 𝟑×𝟑=𝟗
…………………
8 18 9
…………………
98 9
c. 2 4 𝟐×𝟐=𝟒
𝟐 × 𝟗 + 𝟒 × 𝟐 = 𝟐𝟔
× 2 9 𝟒 × 𝟗 = 𝟑𝟔
…………………………
4 2 6 36
………………………..
69 6
d. 2 2 𝟐×𝟐=𝟒
𝟐 × 𝟖 + 𝟐 × 𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎
2 8 𝟐 × 𝟖 = 𝟏𝟔
……………………….
4 20 16
………………………..
61 6
e. 2 2 𝟐 × 𝟓 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟐 × 𝟑 + 𝟐 × 𝟓 = 𝟏𝟔
5 3 𝟐×𝟑=𝟔
…………………….
10 16 6
……………………..
1166
f. 3 1 𝟑×𝟑=𝟗
𝟑 × 𝟔 + 𝟏 × 𝟑 = 𝟐𝟏
3 6 𝟏×𝟔=𝟔
……………………..
9 21 6
……………………..
1116
g. 2 2 𝟐 × 𝟓 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟐 × 𝟔 + 𝟐 × 𝟓 = 𝟐𝟐
5 6 𝟐 × 𝟔 = 𝟏𝟐
…………………..
10 22 12
………………………….
1232
h. 3 1 𝟑 × 𝟕 = 𝟐𝟏
𝟑 × 𝟐 + 𝟏 × 𝟕 = 𝟏𝟑
7 2 𝟏×𝟐=𝟐
………………………
21 13 2
……………………
22 3 2
i. 4 4 𝟒 × 𝟓 = 𝟐𝟎
𝟒 × 𝟑 + 𝟒 × 𝟓 = 𝟑𝟐
5 3 𝟒 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟐
…………………………
20 32 12
……………………………
23 3 2
j. 3 3 𝟑 × 𝟖 = 𝟐𝟒
𝟑 × 𝟒 + 𝟑 × 𝟖 = 𝟑𝟔
8 4 𝟑 × 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟐
………………………
24 36 12
………………………
27 7 2
k. 3 3 𝟑 × 𝟔 = 𝟏𝟖
𝟑 × 𝟗 + 𝟑 × 𝟔 = 𝟒𝟓
6 9 𝟑 × 𝟗 = 𝟐𝟕
……………………..
18 45 27
……………………..
2277
l. 3 4 𝟑 × 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟐
𝟑 × 𝟐 + 𝟒 × 𝟒 = 𝟐𝟐
4 2 𝟒×𝟐=𝟖
…………………
12 22 8
………………….
14 2 8
m. 3 3 𝟑×𝟑=𝟗
𝟑 × 𝟒 + 𝟑 × 𝟑 = 𝟐𝟏
3 4 𝟑 × 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟐
…………………….
9 2 1 12
………………………….
1122
n. 2 2 𝟐 × 𝟓 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟐 × 𝟐 + 𝟐 × 𝟓 = 𝟏𝟒
5 2 𝟐×𝟐=𝟒
…………………….
10 14 4
……………………
1144
o. 3 4 𝟑 × 𝟔 = 𝟏𝟖
𝟑 × 𝟔 + 𝟒 × 𝟔 = 𝟒𝟐
6 6 𝟒 × 𝟔 = 𝟐𝟒
……………………..
18 42 24
……………………..
2244
p. 5 1 𝟓 × 𝟓 = 𝟐𝟓
𝟓 × 𝟒 + 𝟏 × 𝟓 = 𝟐𝟓
5 4 𝟏×𝟒=𝟒
……………………..
25 25 4
…………………….
2754
q. 3 5 𝟑 × 𝟔 = 𝟏𝟖
𝟑 × 𝟕 + 𝟓 × 𝟔 = 𝟓𝟏
6 7 𝟓 × 𝟕 = 𝟑𝟓
……………………..
18 51 35
………………………….
2345
r. 5 5 𝟓 × 𝟓 = 𝟐𝟓
𝟓 × 𝟗 + 𝟓 × 𝟓 = 𝟕𝟎
5 9 𝟓 × 𝟗 = 𝟒𝟓
……………………
25 70 45
………………………
3245
s. 5 4 𝟓 × 𝟔 = 𝟑𝟎
𝟓 × 𝟒 + 𝟒 × 𝟔 = 𝟒𝟒
6 4 𝟒 × 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟔
……………………
30 44 16
………………………
345 6
t. 5 5 𝟓 × 𝟔 = 𝟑𝟎
𝟓 × 𝟑 + 𝟓 × 𝟔 = 𝟒𝟓
6 3 𝟓 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟓
………………….
30 45 15
…………………………
34 6 5
u. 4 4 𝟒 × 𝟖 = 𝟑𝟐
𝟒 × 𝟏 + 𝟒 × 𝟖 = 𝟑𝟔
8 1 𝟒×𝟏=𝟒
………………………..
32 36 4
………………………….
35 6 4
v. 4 5 𝟒 × 𝟖 = 𝟑𝟐
𝟒 × 𝟏 + 𝟓 × 𝟖 = 𝟒𝟒
8 1 𝟓×𝟏=𝟓
…………………
32 44 5
……………………
3645
w. 4 8 𝟒 × 𝟕 = 𝟐𝟖
𝟒 × 𝟐 + 𝟖 × 𝟕 = 𝟔𝟒
7 2 𝟖 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔
……………………
28 64 16
……………………….
34 56
x. 3 4
× 1 9
………………………
3 31 36
…………………….
646
Practice D: Multiply using moving multiplier method

a. 3 2 1 𝟑 ×𝟐=𝟔
𝟑 ×𝟏+𝟐×𝟐 =𝟕
2 1 𝟐×𝟏+𝟏×𝟐 =𝟒
……………………… 𝟏×𝟏=𝟏
674 1
b. 3 2 1 𝟑 ×𝟐=𝟔
2 3 𝟑 × 𝟑 + 𝟐 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟑
………………………. 𝟐×𝟑+𝟏×𝟐 =𝟖
6 13 8 3 𝟏×𝟑=𝟑
………………………….
73 8 3
c. 4 2 1 𝟒 ×2= 8
2 2 𝟒 × 𝟐 + 𝟐 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐
………………………… 𝟐×𝟐+𝟏×𝟐 =𝟔
8 12 6 2 𝟏×𝟐=𝟐
…………………………..
92 6 2
d. 3 2 1 𝟑 × 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟐
4 1 𝟑 × 𝟏 + 𝟐 × 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟏
………………………… 𝟐×𝟏+𝟒×𝟏 =𝟔
12 11 6 1 𝟏×𝟏=𝟏
……………………….
13 1 6 1
e. 1 2 1 2 𝟏×𝟐=𝟐
2 1 𝟏×𝟏+𝟐×𝟐 =𝟓
……………………… 𝟐×𝟏+𝟏×𝟐 =𝟒
25 4 5 2 𝟏×𝟏+𝟐×𝟐 =𝟓
𝟐×𝟏=𝟐
f. 1 3 3 1 𝟏×𝟐=𝟐
2 2 𝟏×𝟐+𝟑×𝟐 =𝟖
……………………. 𝟑 × 𝟐 + 𝟑 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐
2 8 12 8 2 𝟑×𝟐+𝟏×𝟐 =𝟖
……………………….. 𝟏×𝟐=𝟐
29 2 8 2
g. 1 3 1 3 𝟏×𝟑=𝟑
3 1 𝟏 × 𝟏 + 𝟑 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟎
…………………….. 𝟑×𝟏+𝟏×𝟑 =𝟔
3 1 0 6 10 3 𝟏 × 𝟏 + 𝟑 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟎
…………………………. 𝟑×𝟏=𝟑
40 7 0 3
h. 1 1 2 2 1 𝟏×𝟐=𝟐
2 2 𝟏×𝟐+𝟏×𝟐 =𝟒
………………………… 𝟏×𝟐+𝟐×𝟐 =𝟔
24 6 8 6 2 𝟐×𝟐+𝟐×𝟐 =𝟖
𝟐×𝟐+𝟏×𝟐 =𝟔
𝟏×𝟐=𝟐
Practice E: Multiply treating the numbers as 2 figures number

a. 1 1 2 𝟏𝟏 × 𝟐𝟎 = 𝟐𝟐𝟎
x 20 3 𝟏𝟏 × 𝟑 + 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟐 = 𝟕𝟑
……………………….. 𝟐×𝟑=𝟔
220 73 6
…………………………
227 3 6
b. 1 2 3 𝟏𝟐 × 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟏𝟓𝟔
x 13 1 𝟏𝟐 × 𝟏 + 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟓𝟏
……………………. 𝟑×𝟏=𝟑
156 51 3
……………………….
161 1 3
c. 1 2 3 𝟏𝟐 × 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒
12 2 𝟏𝟐 × 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐 × 𝟑 = 𝟔𝟎
……………………. 𝟑×𝟐=𝟔
144 60 6
………………………..
150 0 6
d. 1 1 2 𝟏𝟏 × 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟑𝟐
12 3 𝟏𝟏 × 𝟑 + 𝟏𝟐 × 𝟐 = 𝟓𝟕
…………………….. 𝟐×𝟑=𝟔
132 57 6
……………………….
137 7 6
e. 42 1 𝟒𝟐 × 𝟐 = 𝟖𝟒
2 2 𝟒𝟐 × 𝟐 + 𝟏 × 𝟐 = 𝟖𝟔
……………………… 𝟏×𝟐=𝟐
84 86 2
……………………….
92 6 2
Practice F : Multiply using pair of digits

a. 21 1 𝟐𝟏 × 𝟑𝟎 = 𝟔𝟑𝟎
30 4 𝟐𝟏 × 𝟒 + 𝟏 × 𝟑𝟎 = 𝟏𝟏𝟒
…………………………… 𝟏×𝟒=𝟒
630 114 4
…………………………..
641 4 4
b. 3 0 7 𝟑𝟎 × 𝟒𝟎 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎
40 7 𝟑𝟎 × 𝟕 + 𝟕 × 𝟒𝟎 = 𝟒𝟗𝟎
……………………………… 𝟕 × 𝟕 = 𝟒𝟗
1200 490 49
………………………………
1249 49
c. 20 3 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟒𝟑 = 𝟖𝟔𝟎
43 2 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟐 + 𝟑 × 𝟒𝟑 = 𝟏𝟔𝟗
………………………….. 𝟑×𝟐=𝟔
860 169 6
………………………………
876 9 6
d. 2 1 1 𝟐𝟏 × 𝟑𝟏 = 𝟔𝟓𝟏
3 1 1 𝟐𝟏 × 𝟏 + 𝟏 × 𝟑𝟏 = 𝟓𝟐
………………………………. 𝟏×𝟏=𝟏
651 52 1
…………………………….
656 2 1
e. 50 4 𝟓𝟎 × 𝟓𝟎 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎
50 4 𝟓𝟎 × 𝟒 + 𝟒 × 𝟓𝟎 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎
……………………………… 𝟒 × 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟔
2500 400 16
……………………………..
2540 16
f. 5 0 1 𝟓𝟎 × 𝟓𝟎 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎
50 1 𝟓𝟎 × 𝟏 + 𝟏 × 𝟓𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎
…………………………. 𝟏×𝟏=𝟏
2500 100 1
…………………………..
2510 01
g. 71 2 𝟕𝟏 × 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟕𝟖𝟏
11 2 𝟕𝟏 × 𝟐 + 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟏𝟔𝟒
………………………………… 𝟐×𝟐=𝟒
781 164 4
………………………………
797 4 4
h. 7 0 3 𝟕𝟎 × 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟏𝟒𝟕𝟎
21 1 𝟕𝟎 × 𝟏 + 𝟐𝟏 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟑𝟑
……………………………. 𝟑×𝟏=𝟑
1470 133 3
…………………………………
1483 3 3
Practice G : Multiply
a. ( 𝒙 + 𝟓) (𝒙 + 𝟔)
𝒙 + 𝟓 𝒙 × 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐
𝒙 × 𝟔 + 𝟓 × 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏𝒙
𝒙 + 𝟔 𝟓 × 𝟔 = 𝟑𝟎
……………………………………
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏𝒙 + 𝟑𝟎
b. ( 𝒙 + 𝟐) ( 𝒙 + 𝟗)
𝒙 + 𝟐 𝒙 × 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐
𝒙 × 𝟗 + 𝟐 × 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏𝒙
𝒙 + 𝟗 𝟐 × 𝟗 = 𝟏𝟖
……………………………………..
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏𝒙 + 𝟏𝟖
c. ( 𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎) (𝒙 + 𝟏)
𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎 𝒙 × 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐
𝒙 × 𝟏 + 𝟏𝟎 × 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏𝒙
𝒙 + 𝟏 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎
………………………………………..
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎
d. (𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎)(𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎)
𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎 𝒙 × 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐
𝒙 × 𝟐𝟎 + 𝟐𝟎 × 𝒙 = 𝟒𝟎𝒙
𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟐𝟎 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎
……………………………………………..
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝟎 𝒙 + 𝟒𝟎𝟎
e. (𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝒙 + 𝟏)
𝒙 + 𝟏 𝒙 × 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐
𝒙 × 𝟏 + 𝟏 × 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙
𝒙 + 𝟏 𝟏×𝟏=𝟏
………………………………………….
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏
f. (𝒙 + 𝟐𝟐)(𝒙 + 𝟐𝟖)
𝒙 + 𝟐𝟐
𝒙 + 𝟐𝟖
…………………………………………
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝟎𝒙 + 𝟔𝟏𝟔
g. (𝒚 + 𝟓𝟐)(𝒚 + 𝟒)
𝒚 + 𝟓𝟐
𝒚 + 𝟒
……………………………………….
𝒚𝟐 + 𝟓𝟔𝒚 + 𝟐𝟎𝟖
h. (𝒙 + 𝟒)𝟐
𝒙 + 𝟒
𝒙 + 𝟒
……………………………………..
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟏𝟔
Practice H : Multiply the following
a. (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓)(𝒙 + 𝟒)
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓 𝟐𝒙 × 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙𝟐
𝟐𝒙 × 𝟒 + 𝟓 × 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟑𝒙
𝒙 + 𝟒 𝟓 × 𝟒 = 𝟐𝟎
………………………………………
𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎
b. (𝒙 + 𝟖)(𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏)
𝒙 + 𝟖 𝒙 × 𝟑𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙𝟐
𝒙 × 𝟏𝟏 + 𝟖 × 𝟑𝒙 = 𝟑𝟓𝒙
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏 𝟖 × 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟖𝟖
…………………………………….
𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝟓𝒙 + 𝟖𝟖
c. (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎)

𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎
……………………………………..
𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎
d. (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑)(𝟑𝒙 + 𝟕)
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟕
…………………………………………
𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝟏
e. (𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑)( 𝒙 + 𝟔)
𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑
𝒙 + 𝟔
………………………………………..
𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟕𝒙 + 𝟏𝟖
f. (𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏𝟕)(𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒)
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏𝟕
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒
……………………………………
𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝟑𝒙 + 𝟔𝟖
g. (𝟔𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏)
𝟔𝒙 + 𝟏
𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏
………………………………….
𝟑𝟎𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏𝒙 + 𝟏
h. (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓)(𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓)
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓
𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓
………………………………….
𝟖𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝟎𝒙 + 𝟐𝟓
i. (𝟑𝒙 + 𝟑)(𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓)
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟑
𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓
……………………………….
𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟕𝒙 + 𝟏𝟓
j. (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚) (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚)

𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚
………………………………………….
𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝒚 + 𝟏𝟓 𝒚𝟐
k. (𝟓𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚)(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚)
𝟓𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚
………………………………………..
𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟗𝒙𝒚 + 𝟏𝟎𝒚𝟐
L (𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚)(𝟕𝒙 + 𝒚)
𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚
𝟕𝒙 + 𝒚
………………………………..
𝟐𝟖𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟓𝒙𝒚 + 𝟑𝒚𝟐
Practice I : Multiply
a. (𝒙 + 𝟑)(𝒙 − 𝟓)
𝒙 + 𝟑 𝒙 × 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐
𝒙 × (−𝟓) + 𝟑 × 𝒙 = −𝟐𝒙
𝒙 − 𝟓 𝟑 × (−𝟓) = −𝟏𝟓
……………………………….
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏𝟓
b. (𝒙 + 𝟕)(𝒙 − 𝟐)
𝒙 + 𝟕 𝒙 × 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐
−𝟐 × 𝒙 + 𝟕 × 𝒙 = 𝟓𝒙
𝒙 − 𝟐 𝟕 × (−𝟐) = −𝟏𝟒
…………………………..
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟏𝟒
c. (𝒙 − 𝟒)(𝒙 + 𝟓)
𝒙 − 𝟒
𝒙 + 𝟓
……………………………
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟐𝟎
d. (𝒙 − 𝟓)(𝒙 − 𝟒)
𝒙 − 𝟓
𝒙 − 𝟒
……………………………
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎
e. (𝒙 − 𝟑)(𝒙 − 𝟑)
𝒙 − 𝟑
𝒙 − 𝟑
………………………..
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟗
f. (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑)(𝒙 + 𝟒)
𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑
𝒙 + 𝟒
…………………………….
𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐
g. (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑)(𝟑𝒙 + 𝟔)
𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟔
……………………………….
𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 – 𝟏𝟖
h. (𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏)(𝒙 + 𝟕)
𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏
𝒙 + 𝟕
………………………………
𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟎𝒙 − 𝟕
Practice J : Multiply ( there are no carries in the first few
sums)
a. 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 ×𝟏=𝟏
𝟏×𝟑+𝟏×𝟐 =𝟓
× 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏×𝟏+𝟐×𝟑+𝟏×𝟏 =𝟖
…………………………. 𝟐×𝟏 +𝟏×𝟑 =𝟓
𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟓𝟏 𝟏×𝟏=𝟏
b. 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏×𝟐=𝟐
𝟏×𝟏+𝟑×𝟐 =𝟕
× 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏×𝟐+𝟑×𝟏+𝟏×𝟐 =𝟕
………………………… 𝟑×𝟐+𝟏×𝟏 =𝟕
𝟐 𝟕 𝟕 𝟕 𝟐 𝟏×𝟐=𝟐
c. 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
× 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
……………………
𝟐𝟔𝟖 𝟔 𝟐
d. 𝟑 𝟏 𝟑
×𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
………………………
𝟑𝟕𝟖𝟕𝟑
e. 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
× 𝟑 𝟏 𝟑
…………………..
6 5 13 5 6
……………………………
66 3 5 6
f. 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
× 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏
………………………..
3 8 14 8 3
……………………………
39 4 8 3
g. 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
× 𝟒 𝟏 𝟒
………………………………
8 6 17 6 8
………………………………..
87 7 6 8
h. 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
× 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
…………………………………..
6 12 18 12 6
……………………………….
7 3 9 2 6
i. 𝟐 𝟒 𝟔
× 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
………………………….
6 18 3 6 3 0 18
……………………………………..
8 1 9 1 8
j. 𝟏 𝟎 𝟓
× 𝟓 𝟎 𝟕
……………………..
5 0 32 0 35
…………………………..
53 2 3 5
k. 𝟏 𝟎 𝟔
× 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
…………………………….
2 2 14 12 12
…………………………..
23 5 3 2
l. 5 1 5
× 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
………………………………….
25 30 55 30 25
………………………………………
28 5 8 2 5
m. 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
× 𝟕 𝟕 𝟕
…………………………………..
28 56 84 56 28
………………………………………
34 4 9 8 8
n. 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏
× 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏
…………………………….
9 12 10 4 1
………………………………
10 3 0 4 1
O. 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
× 𝟐 𝟕 𝟏
………………………………..
2 11 2 1 2 3 3
………………………………….
3 3 3 3 3
p. 𝟏 𝟐 𝟒
× 𝟑 𝟓 𝟔
………………………………
3 11 28 3 2 24
……………………………
4 4 1 4 4
Practice K : Multiply the following from Right to left.

a. 𝟑 𝟏 From Right first multiply vertically 𝟏 × 𝟏 = 𝟏
Cross wise multiply 𝟑 × 𝟏 + 𝟏 × 𝟒 = 𝟕
× 𝟒 𝟏 From left multiply 𝟑 × 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟐
…………………….
12 7 1
b. 𝟐 𝟑
× 𝟐 𝟐
………………….
4 10 6
…………………
50 6
c. 𝟔 𝟏
× 𝟒 𝟐
…………………….
24 16 2
………………………..
25 6 2
d. 𝟓 𝟐
× 𝟓 𝟑
……………………..
25 25 6
………………………..
27 5 6
e. 𝟓 𝟒
× 𝟒 𝟓
…………………..
20 41 20
………………………..
24 3 0
f. 𝟕 𝟖
× 𝟑 𝟑
………………….
21 45 24
………………………….
25 7 4
g. 𝟏 𝟕
× 𝟕 𝟏
…………………….
7 50 7
…………………..
12 0 7
h. 𝟖 𝟖
× 𝟖 𝟖
………………………
64 128 64
………………………….
77 4 4
i. 𝟐 𝟑 𝟏
× 𝟑 𝟐
……………………….
6 13 9 2
…………………………
73 9 2
j. 𝟒 𝟏 𝟔
× 𝟒 𝟏
……………………………..
16 8 25 6
……………………………..
17 0 5 6
k. 𝟏 𝟖 𝟐
× 𝟐 𝟑
………………………..
2 19 28 6
…………………………..
41 8 6
l. 𝟒 𝟕 𝟑
× 𝟑 𝟕
……………………………
12 49 58 21
…………………………………
17 5 0 1
m. 𝟓 𝟒 𝟑 𝟐
× 𝟑 𝟐
…………………………..
15 22 17 12 4
…………………………………….
17 3 8 2 4
n. 𝟔 𝟎 𝟏 𝟒
× 𝟐 𝟒
………………………….
12 24 2 12 16
………………………………….
14 4 3 3 6
o. 3 3 3 3
× 𝟐 𝟐
………………………………..
6 12 12 12 6
………………………………..
7 3 3 2 6
p. 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
× 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
………………………..
12 24 36 24 12
…………………………………
14 7 8 5 2
q. 𝟓 𝟒 𝟑
× 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓
……………………………
15 32 50 32 15
………………………………….
18 7 3 3 5
r. 𝟕 𝟎 𝟕
× 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
………………………..
21 21 42 21 21
…………………………………….
23 5 4 3 1
LESSON 12
SQUARING
Practice A : Square the following numbers

a. 𝟓𝟓
𝟓𝟓𝟐 = 𝟓 × 𝟔 | 𝟐𝟓 = 3025
Applying “ one more than one before “ sutra of VM ,One more of
5 is 6 . Multiply 1st digit i.e 5 with one more of 5 i.e 6 .it is 30 and
𝟓𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓
b. 𝟏𝟓
𝟏𝟓𝟐 = 𝟏 × 𝟐 | 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟐𝟐𝟓
1st part is multiply 1 with one more of 1 i.e 2 .it is 1 x 2 = 2
2nd part is 𝟓𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓
c. 𝟖 𝟏⁄𝟐
𝟐
𝟖 𝟏⁄𝟐 = 𝟖 × 𝟗 | 𝟏⁄𝟒 = 𝟕𝟐 𝟏⁄𝟒
d. 𝟗𝟓
𝟗𝟓𝟐 = 𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎 | 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟗𝟎𝟐𝟓
e. 𝟏𝟎𝟓
𝟏𝟎𝟓𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏𝟏 | 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟓
f. 𝟏𝟗𝟓
𝟏𝟗𝟓𝟐 = 𝟏𝟗 × 𝟐𝟎 | 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟑𝟖𝟎𝟐𝟓
g. 𝟏𝟓𝟓
𝟏𝟓𝟓𝟐 = 𝟏𝟓 × 𝟏𝟔 | 𝟐𝟓
h. 𝟐𝟒𝟓
𝟐𝟒𝟓𝟐 = 𝟐𝟒 × 𝟐𝟓 | 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟓
i. 𝟑𝟓
𝟑𝟓𝟐 = 𝟑 × 𝟒 | 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟓
j. 𝟐𝟎 𝟏⁄𝟐
𝟐
𝟐𝟎 𝟏⁄𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟐𝟏 | 𝟏⁄𝟒 = 𝟒𝟐𝟎 𝟏⁄𝟒
k. 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟓
𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟐 = 𝟖𝟎𝟎 × 𝟖𝟎𝟏 | 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟔𝟒𝟎𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟓
l. 𝟑𝟓𝟎
𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟐 = 𝟑 × 𝟒 | 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎
What number ,when squared gives

m. 2025
first part is 20 which is 4 x 5 . so 1st digit must be 4 whose one
more number is 4+1= 5
second part is 25 which is 𝟓𝟐 , so last digit is 5
So the number is 45 , when squared gives 2025
n. 𝟑𝟎 𝟏⁄𝟒
First part is 30 which is 5 x 6 .so 1st digit must be 5
𝟐
Second part is 𝟏⁄𝟒 which is 𝟏⁄𝟐 , so last digit is 𝟏⁄𝟐
So the number is 𝟓 𝟏⁄𝟐 , when squared gives 𝟑𝟎 𝟏⁄𝟒
o. 𝟗𝟎𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎
First part is 90 which is 9 x 10 . so 1st digit must be 9
Second part is 2500 which is 𝟓𝟎𝟐 , so last digit is 50
So the number is 950 , when squared gives 902500
Practice B : find
a. 𝟓𝟒𝟐
As this is a 2 digit number so square of this number must have 4
digits
𝟓𝟒𝟐 = 𝟓𝟐 + 𝟒 | 𝟒𝟐 = 25+4 | 16 = 2916
b. 𝟓𝟔𝟐
= 𝟓𝟐 + 𝟔 | 𝟔𝟐 = 𝟑𝟏𝟑𝟔
c. 𝟓𝟕𝟐
= 𝟓𝟐 + 𝟕 | 𝟕𝟐 = 𝟑𝟐𝟒𝟗
d. 𝟓𝟖𝟐
= 𝟓𝟐 + 𝟖 | 𝟖𝟐 = 𝟑𝟑𝟔𝟒
e. 𝟔𝟏𝟐
[𝟓𝟎 + 𝟏𝟏]𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 (𝟐𝟓 + 𝟏𝟏) + 𝟏𝟏𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 + 𝟏𝟐𝟏 = 𝟑𝟕𝟐𝟏
f. 𝟔𝟐𝟐
= (𝟓𝟎 + 𝟏𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎( 𝟐𝟓 + 𝟏𝟐) + 𝟏𝟐𝟐 = 𝟑𝟕𝟎𝟎 + 𝟏𝟒𝟒 = 𝟑𝟖𝟒𝟒
g. 𝟓𝟏𝟐
= 𝟓𝟐 + 𝟏 | 𝟏𝟐 = 25+1 | 01 = 2601
Practice C: Square the following numbers.

a. 𝟒𝟔
𝟒𝟔𝟐 = (𝟓𝟎 − 𝟒)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎(𝟐𝟓 − 𝟒) + 𝟒𝟐 = 𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟎 + 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟐𝟏𝟏𝟔
b. 𝟒𝟒
𝟒𝟒𝟐 = (𝟓𝟎 − 𝟔)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎(𝟐𝟓 − 𝟔) + 𝟔𝟐 = 𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟎 + 𝟑𝟔 = 𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟔
c. 𝟒𝟐
𝟒𝟐𝟐 = (𝟓𝟎 − 𝟖)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎(𝟐𝟓 − 𝟖) + 𝟖𝟐 = 𝟏𝟕𝟎𝟎 + 𝟔𝟒 = 𝟏𝟕𝟔𝟒
d. 𝟑𝟗
𝟑𝟗𝟐 = (𝟓𝟎 − 𝟏𝟏)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎(𝟐𝟓 − 𝟏𝟏) + 𝟏𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎 + 𝟏𝟐𝟏 = 𝟏𝟓𝟐𝟏
e. 𝟒𝟑
𝟒𝟑𝟐 = (𝟓𝟎 − 𝟕)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎(𝟐𝟓 − 𝟕) + 𝟕𝟐 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎 + 𝟒𝟗 = 𝟏𝟖𝟒𝟗
f. 𝟒𝟗
𝟒𝟗𝟐 = (𝟓𝟎 − 𝟏)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎(𝟐𝟓 − 𝟏) + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟎 + 𝟏 = 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟏
g. 𝟒𝟏
𝟒𝟏𝟐 = (𝟓𝟎 − 𝟗)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎(𝟐𝟓 − 𝟗) + 𝟗𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟎 + 𝟖𝟏 = 𝟏𝟔𝟖𝟏
h. 𝟑𝟕
𝟑𝟕𝟐 = (𝟓𝟎 − 𝟏𝟑)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎(𝟐𝟓 − 𝟏𝟑) + 𝟏𝟑𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 + 𝟏𝟔𝟗 = 𝟏𝟑𝟔𝟗
Practice D: Find the Duplex of the following numbers

a. 𝟓
𝑫(𝟓) = 𝟓𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓
b. 𝟐𝟑
𝑫(𝟐𝟑) = 𝟐 × 𝟐𝟑 = 𝟏𝟐
c. 𝟓𝟓
𝑫(𝟓𝟓) = 𝟐 × 𝟓 × 𝟓 = 𝟓𝟎
d. 𝟐
𝑫(𝟐) = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒
e. 𝟏𝟒
𝑫(𝟏𝟒) = 𝟐 × 𝟏 × 𝟒 = 𝟖
f. 𝟕𝟕
𝑫(𝟕𝟕) = 𝟐 × 𝟕 × 𝟕 = 𝟗𝟖
g. 𝟐𝟔
𝑫(𝟐𝟔) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟔 = 𝟐𝟒
h. 𝟗𝟎
𝑫(𝟗𝟎) = 𝟐 × 𝟗 × 𝟎 = 𝟎
Practice E: Square the following.

a. 𝟑𝟏
𝑫(𝟑) = 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟗 𝑫(𝟑𝟏) = 𝟐 × 𝟑 × 𝟏 = 𝟔 𝑫(𝟏) = 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏
𝟑𝟏𝟐 = 𝟗 𝟔 𝟏
b. 𝟏𝟒
𝑫(𝟏) = 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏 𝑫(𝟏𝟒) = 𝟐 × 𝟏 × 𝟒 = 𝟖 𝑫(𝟒) = 𝟒𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔
So 𝟏𝟒𝟐 =1 8 16= 196
c. 𝟒𝟏
𝑫(𝟒) = 𝟒𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔 𝑫(𝟒𝟏) = 𝟐 × 𝟒 × 𝟏 = 𝟖 𝑫(𝟏) = 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏
So 𝟒𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔 𝟖 𝟏
d. 𝟐𝟔
𝑫(𝟐) = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒 𝑫(𝟐𝟔) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟔 = 𝟐𝟒 𝑫(𝟔) = 𝟔𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔
So 𝟐𝟔 = 4 24 36 = 676
𝟐
e. 𝟐𝟑
𝑫(𝟐) = 𝟒 𝑫(𝟐𝟑) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟐 𝑫(𝟑) = 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟗
So 𝟐𝟑 = 4 12 9 = 529
𝟐
f. 𝟑𝟐
𝑫(𝟑) = 𝟗 𝑫(𝟑𝟐) = 𝟐 × 𝟑 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐 𝑫(𝟐) = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒
So 𝟑𝟐 = 9 12 4 = 1024
𝟐
g. 𝟐𝟏
𝑫(𝟐) = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒 𝑫( 𝟐𝟏) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟏 = 𝟒 𝑫(𝟏) = 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏
So 𝟐𝟏𝟐 = 𝟒 𝟒 𝟏
h. 𝟔𝟔
𝑫(𝟔) = 𝟔𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔 𝑫(𝟔𝟔) = 𝟐 × 𝟔 × 𝟔 = 𝟕𝟐 𝑫(𝟔) = 𝟑𝟔
So 𝟔𝟔 = 36 72 36 = 4356
𝟐
i. 𝟖𝟏
𝑫( 𝟖) = 𝟖𝟐 = 𝟔𝟒 𝑫(𝟖𝟏) = 𝟐 × 𝟖 × 𝟏 = 𝟏𝟔 𝑫(𝟏) = 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏
So 𝟖𝟏 = 64 16 1= 6561
𝟐
j. 𝟗𝟏
𝑫(𝟗) = 𝟗𝟐 = 𝟖𝟏 𝑫(𝟗𝟏) = 𝟐 × 𝟗 × 𝟏 = 𝟏𝟖 𝑫(𝟏) = 𝟏
So 𝟗𝟏 = 81 18 1= 8281
𝟐
k. 𝟓𝟔
𝑫(𝟓) = 𝟓𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓 𝑫(𝟓𝟔) = 𝟐 × 𝟓 × 𝟔 = 𝟔𝟎 𝑫(𝟔) = 𝟔𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔
So 𝟓𝟔 = 25 60 36 = 3136
𝟐
l. 𝟔𝟑
𝑫(𝟔) = 𝟔𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔 𝑫(𝟔𝟑) = 𝟐 × 𝟔 × 𝟑 = 𝟑𝟔 𝑫(𝟑) = 𝟗
So 𝟔𝟑 = 36 36 9 = 3969
𝟐
m. 𝟕𝟕
𝑫(𝟕) = 𝟕𝟐 = 𝟒𝟗 𝑫(𝟕𝟕) = 𝟐 × 𝟕 × 𝟕 = 𝟗𝟖 𝑫(𝟕) = 𝟒𝟗
So 𝟕𝟕 = 49 98 49 = 5929
𝟐
n. 𝟑𝟑
𝑫(𝟑) = 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟗 𝑫(𝟑𝟑) = 𝟐 × 𝟑 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟖 𝑫(𝟑) = 𝟗
So 𝟑𝟑 = 9 18 9 = 1089
𝟐
Practice F: Square the following . Grouping the first pair of

figures together.
a. 𝟏𝟐𝟏
𝑫(𝟏𝟐) = 𝟏𝟐𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒 D(12/1)= 2 × 𝟏𝟐 × 𝟏 = 𝟐𝟒 𝑫(𝟏) = 𝟏
So 𝟏𝟐𝟏𝟐 = 144 24 1 = 146 41
b. 𝟏𝟎𝟒
𝑫(𝟏𝟎) = 𝟏𝟎𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 D(10/4)= 2 × 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟒 = 𝟖𝟎 𝑫(𝟒) = 𝟏𝟔
So 𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝟐
= 100 80 16 = 10816
c. 𝟐𝟎𝟑
𝑫(𝟐𝟎) = 𝟐𝟎𝟐 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎 D(20/3)= 2× 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝑫(𝟑) = 𝟗
So 𝟐𝟎𝟑𝟐 = 400 120 9 = 41209
d. 𝟏𝟏𝟑
𝑫(𝟏𝟏) = 𝟏𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏 D(11/3)= 2× 𝟏𝟏 × 𝟑 = 𝟔𝟔 𝑫(𝟑) = 𝟗
So 𝟏𝟏𝟑𝟐 = 121 66 9= 127 69
e. 𝟏𝟏𝟔
𝑫(𝟏𝟏) = 𝟏𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏 D(11/6)= 2× 𝟏𝟏 × 𝟔 = 𝟏𝟑𝟐 𝑫(𝟔) = 𝟑𝟔
So 𝟏𝟏𝟔𝟐 = 121 132 36 = 134 56
f. 𝟏𝟎𝟖
𝑫(𝟏𝟎) = 𝟏𝟎𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 D(10/8)= 2× 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟖 = 𝟏𝟔𝟎 𝑫(𝟖) = 𝟔𝟒
So 𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝟐
=100 160 64 = 116 64
g. 𝟏𝟏𝟏
𝑫(𝟏𝟏) = 𝟏𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏 D(11/1)= 2× 𝟏𝟏 × 𝟏 = 𝟐𝟐 D(1)=1
So 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟐 = 121 22 1 = 123 21
Practice G: Square the following , grouping last 2 figures

together.
a. 211
𝑫(𝟐) = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒 D(2/11)= 2× 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟒𝟒 𝑫(𝟏𝟏) = 𝟏𝟏𝟐 = 121
So 𝟐𝟏𝟏𝟐 = 4 44 121= 445 21
b. 𝟒𝟏𝟐
𝑫(𝟒) = 𝟒𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔 D(4/12)=2× 𝟒 × 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟗𝟔 𝑫(𝟏𝟐) = 𝟏𝟒𝟒
So 𝟒𝟏𝟐𝟐 = 16 96 144= 169 744
c. 𝟑𝟎𝟒
𝑫(𝟑) = 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟗 D(3/04)= 2 × 𝟑 × 𝟎𝟒 =24 𝑫(𝟎𝟒) = 𝟎𝟏𝟔
So 𝟑𝟎𝟒 = 9 24 016= 924 16
𝟐
d. 𝟗𝟎𝟐
𝑫(𝟗) = 𝟗𝟐 = 𝟖𝟏 D( 9/02)= 2× 𝟗 × 𝟎𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔 𝑫(𝟎𝟐) = 𝟎𝟒
So 𝟗𝟎𝟐𝟐 = 81 36 04= 813 604
e. 𝟒𝟎𝟕
𝑫(𝟒) = 𝟒𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔 D(4/07)= 2× 𝟒 × 𝟎𝟕 = 𝟓𝟔 𝑫(𝟎𝟕) = 𝟎𝟕𝟐 = 𝟎𝟒𝟗
So 𝟒𝟎𝟕𝟐 = 16 56 049 = 165 649
f. 𝟐𝟐𝟐
𝑫(𝟐) = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒 D(2/22)= 2× 𝟐 × 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟖𝟖 𝑫(𝟐𝟐) = 𝟐𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒𝟖𝟒
So 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 = 4 88 484 = 49 284
g. 𝟕𝟏𝟏
𝑫(𝟕) = 𝟕𝟐 = 𝟒𝟗 D(7/11)= 2× 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟏𝟓𝟒 𝑫(𝟏𝟏) = 𝟏𝟐𝟏
So 𝟕𝟏𝟏 𝟐
= 49 154 121 = 50 55 21 = 505 521
Practice H: Square the following.

a. 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒
𝑫(𝟑𝒙) = (𝟑𝒙)𝟐 = 𝟗𝒙𝟐 𝑫(𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒) = 𝟐 × 𝟑𝒙 × 𝟒 = 𝟐𝟒𝒙 𝑫(𝟒) = 𝟏𝟔
So (𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒) = 𝟗 𝒙 + 𝟐𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏𝟔
𝟐 𝟐
b. 𝟓𝒚 + 𝟐
𝑫(𝟓𝒚) = (𝟓𝒚)𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓𝒚𝟐 𝑫(𝟓𝒚 + 𝟐) = 𝟐 × 𝟓𝒚 × 𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎𝒚 𝑫(𝟐) = 𝟒
So (𝟓𝒚 + 𝟐) = 𝟐𝟓𝒚 + 𝟐𝟎𝒚 + 𝟒
𝟐 𝟐
c. (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏)
𝑫(𝟐𝒙) = (𝟐𝒙)𝟐 = 𝟒𝒙𝟐 𝑫(𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏) = 𝟐 × 𝟐𝒙 × (−𝟏) = −𝟒𝒙 𝑫(−𝟏) = 𝟏
So (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏) = 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏
𝟐 𝟐
d. (𝒙 + 𝟕)
𝑫(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 𝑫(𝒙 + 𝟕) = 𝟐 × 𝒙 × 𝟕 = 𝟏𝟒𝒙 𝑫(𝟕) = 𝟕𝟐 = 𝟒𝟗
So (𝒙 + 𝟕) = 𝒙 + 𝟏𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒𝟗
𝟐 𝟐
e. (𝒙 − 𝟓)
𝑫(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 𝑫(𝒙 − 𝟓) = 𝟐 × 𝒙 × (−𝟓) = −𝟏𝟎𝒙 𝑫(−𝟓) = 𝟐𝟓
So (𝒙 − 𝟓) = 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙 + 𝟐𝟓
𝟐 𝟐
f. (𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚)
𝑫(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 𝑫(𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚) = 𝟐 × 𝒙 × 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟒𝒙𝒚 𝑫(𝟐𝒚) = (𝟐𝒚)𝟐 = 𝟒𝒚𝟐
So (𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙𝒚 + 𝟒𝒚𝟐
𝟐
g. (𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚)
𝑫(𝟑𝒙) = (𝟑𝒙)𝟐 = 𝟗𝒙𝟐 𝑫(𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚) = 𝟐 × 𝟑𝒙 × 𝟓𝒚 = 𝟑𝟎𝒙𝒚
𝟐 𝟐
𝑫(𝟓𝒚) = (𝟓𝒚) = 𝟐𝟓𝒚
So (𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚)𝟐 = 𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝟎𝒙𝒚 + 𝟐𝟓𝒚𝟐
h. (𝟐𝒂 + 𝒃)
𝑫(𝟐𝒂) = (𝟐𝒂)𝟐 = 𝟒𝒂𝟐 𝑫(𝟐𝒂 + 𝒃) = 𝟐 × 𝟐𝒂 × 𝒃 = 𝟒𝒂𝒃 𝑫(𝒃) = 𝒃𝟐
So (𝟐𝒂 + 𝒃) = 𝟒𝒂 + 𝟒𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
i. (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚)
𝑫(𝟐𝒙) = (𝟐𝒙)𝟐 = 𝟒𝒙𝟐 𝑫(𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚) = 𝟐 × 𝟐𝒙 × (−𝟑𝒚) = −𝟏𝟐𝒙𝒚
𝑫(−𝟑𝒚) = (−𝟑𝒚) = 𝟗𝒚
𝟐 𝟐
So (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚)𝟐 = 𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝒚 + 𝟗𝒚𝟐
j. (𝒙 + 𝒚)
𝑫(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 𝑫(𝒙 + 𝒚) = 𝟐 × 𝒙 × 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙𝒚 𝑫(𝒚) = 𝒚𝟐
(𝒙 + 𝒚)𝟐 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐
k. (𝒙 − 𝒚)
𝑫(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 𝑫(𝒙 − 𝒚) = 𝟐 × 𝒙 × (−𝒚) = −𝟐𝒙𝒚 𝑫(−𝒚) = 𝒚𝟐
So (𝒙 − 𝒚) = 𝒙 − 𝟐𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
l. (𝒙 − 𝟖𝒚)
𝑫(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 𝑫(𝒙 − 𝟖𝒚) = 𝟐 × 𝒙 × (−𝟖𝒚) = −𝟏𝟔𝒙𝒚
𝑫(−𝟖𝒚) = (−𝟖𝒚)𝟐 = 𝟔𝟒𝒚𝟐
So (𝒙 − 𝟖𝒚)𝟐 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝒚 + 𝟔𝟒𝒚𝟐
Practice I : Which are not square numbers .

a. 4539
Here number ends in 9 but digit sum of 4539 is 3 ( casting out all
9.) so 4539 is not a square number.
b. 5776
Here number ends in 6 and digit sum is 5+7+7+6= 25=2+5=7
So this is a square number .
( Square number ends in 0,1,4,5,6 , 9 and digit sum of square
number must be 1, 4 , 7, 9 )
c. 6889
Here number ends in 9 and digit sum is 6+8+8+9= 31=3+1=4
So 6889 is a square number.
d. 5271
Here number ends in 1 and digit sum is 5+1=6
So 5271 is not a square number as digit sum is 6
e. 104976
Here number ends in 6 and digit sum is 1+4+7+6= 18=9
So 104976 is a square number
f. 65436
Here number ends in 6 and digit sum is 6 (casting out all 9)
So 65436 is not a square number.
g. 27478
Here number ends in 8 and digit sum is 4+7+8= 19=1
So 27478 is not a square number as 27478 ends in 8
h. 75379
Here number ends in 9 and digit sum is 7+5+3+7= 22=4
So 75379 is a square number.
Practice J: Find the square root of:

a. 2116
By first by first and last by last 21 lies between 16 and 25 which
is square of 4 and 5 . but 21 less than 25 so 1st digit must be 4 ( i.e
square of 4 is 16)
By last by last , 2116 ends in 6 , so number will be either 4 0r 6.
Square root of 2116 will be either 44 or 46
Take the middle number i.e 45 , 𝟒𝟓𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟓
2025 less than 2116 so square root must be greater than 45
So it must be 46
b. 5329
53 lies between 49 and 64 , so 1st digit must be 7( i.e 𝟕𝟐 = 𝟒𝟗)
Last digit is 9 so either it will be 73 or 77
𝟕𝟓𝟐 = 𝟓𝟔𝟐𝟓 , which is greater than 5329
So √𝟓𝟑𝟐𝟗 = 73
c. 1444
14 lies between 9 and 16 , so 1st digit must be 3 ( 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟗)
Last digit is 4 so either square root of 1444 is 32 or 38
𝟑𝟓𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟓 , which is less than 1444
So √𝟏𝟒𝟒𝟒 = 𝟑𝟖
d. 6724
67 lies between 64 and 81 , so 1st digit must be 8 (𝟖𝟐 = 𝟔𝟒)
Last digit is 4 so either square root of 6724 will be 82 or 88
𝟖𝟓𝟐 = 𝟕𝟐𝟐𝟓 , which is greater than 6724
So √𝟔𝟕𝟐𝟒 = 𝟖𝟐
e. 3481
34 lies between 25 and 36 , so 1st digit must be 5 (𝟓𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓)
Last digit is 1 so square root of 3481 will be either 51 or 59
𝟓𝟓𝟐 = 𝟑𝟎𝟐𝟓 , which is less than 3481
So √𝟑𝟒𝟖𝟏 = 59
f. 4489
44 lies between 36 and 49 , so 1st digit must be 6 (𝟔𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔)
Last digit is 9 so square root of 4489 will be either 63 or 67
𝟔𝟓𝟐 = 𝟒𝟐𝟐𝟓 , which is less than 4489
So √𝟒𝟒𝟖𝟗 = 𝟔𝟕
g. 8836
88 lies between 81 and 100 , so 1st digit must be 9 (𝟗𝟐 = 81)
Last digit is 6 , so square root of 8836 will be either 94 or 96
𝟗𝟓𝟐 = 𝟗𝟎𝟐𝟓 , which is greater than 8836
So √𝟖𝟖𝟑𝟔 = 𝟗𝟒
h. 361
3 lies between 1 and 4 , so 1st digit must be 1 (𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏)
𝟏𝟓𝟐 = 𝟐𝟐𝟓 , which is less than 361
So √𝟑𝟔𝟏 = 𝟏𝟗
i. 784
7 lies between 4 and 9 , so 1st digit must be 2 (𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒)
𝟐𝟓𝟐 = 𝟔𝟐𝟓 , which is less than 784
So √𝟔𝟐𝟓 = 𝟐𝟖
j. 3721
𝟔𝟓𝟐 = 𝟒𝟐𝟐𝟓 , which is greater than 3721
So √𝟑𝟕𝟐𝟏 = 𝟔𝟏
k 2209
22 lies between 16 and 25 , so 1st digit must be 4 (𝟒𝟐 = 16)
𝟒𝟓𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟓 , which is less than 2209
So √𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟗 = 𝟒𝟕
l. 4225
Last digit is 5 , so square root of 4225 must be 65
So √𝟒𝟐𝟐𝟓 = 𝟔𝟓
m. 9604
96 lies between 81 and 100 , so 1st digit must be 9 (𝟗𝟐 = 𝟖𝟏)
𝟗𝟓𝟐 = 𝟗𝟎𝟐𝟓 , which is less than 9604
So √𝟗𝟔𝟎𝟒 = 𝟗𝟖
n. 5929
59 lies between 49 and 64 , so 1st digit must be 7 (𝟕𝟐 = 49)
𝟕𝟓𝟐 = 𝟓𝟔𝟐𝟓 , which is less than 5929
So √𝟓𝟗𝟐𝟗 = 𝟕𝟕
Practice K : Find the Duplex of the following numbers.

a. 3
𝑫(𝟑) = 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟗
b. 34
𝑫(𝟑𝟒) = 𝟐 × 𝟑 × 𝟒 = 𝟐𝟒
c. 47
𝑫(𝟒𝟕) = 𝟐 × 𝟒 × 𝟕 = 𝟓𝟔
d. 1
𝑫(𝟏) = 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏
e. 88
𝑫(𝟖𝟖) = 𝟐 × 𝟖 × 𝟖 = 𝟏𝟐𝟖
f. 234
𝑫(𝟐𝟑𝟒) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟒 + 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓
g. 282
𝑫(𝟐𝟖𝟐) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 + 𝟖𝟐 = 𝟕𝟐
h. 111
𝑫(𝟏𝟏𝟏) = 𝟐 × 𝟏 × 𝟏 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟑
i. 304
𝑫(𝟑𝟎𝟒) = 𝟐 × 𝟑 × 𝟒 + 𝟎𝟐 = 𝟐𝟒
j. 270
𝑫(𝟐𝟕𝟎) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟎 + 𝟕𝟐 = 𝟒𝟗
k. 1234
𝑫(𝟏𝟐𝟑𝟒) = 𝟐 × 𝟏 × 𝟒 + 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟑 = 𝟐𝟎
l. 3032
𝑫(𝟑𝟎𝟑𝟐) = 𝟐 × 𝟑 × 𝟐 + 𝟐 × 𝟎 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟐
m. 7130
𝑫(𝟕𝟏𝟑𝟎) = 𝟐 × 𝟕 × 𝟎 + 𝟐 × 𝟏 × 𝟑 = 𝟔
n. 20121
𝑫(𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟏) = 𝟐 × 𝟏 × 𝟐 + 𝟐 × 𝟎 × 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟓
o. 32104
𝑫(𝟑𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟒) = 𝟐 × 𝟑 × 𝟒 + 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟎 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓
Practice L : Square the following numbers.

a. 212
𝑫(𝟐) = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒 𝑫(𝟐𝟏) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟏 = 𝟒 𝑫(𝟐𝟏𝟐) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟗
𝑫(𝟏𝟐) = 𝟐 × 𝟏 × 𝟐 = 𝟒 𝑫(𝟐) = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒
So (𝟐𝟏𝟐)𝟐 = 44 944
b. 131
𝑫(𝟏) = 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏 𝑫(𝟏𝟑) = 𝟐 × 𝟏 × 𝟑 = 𝟔 𝑫(𝟏𝟑𝟏) = 𝟐 × 𝟏 × 𝟏 + 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏
𝟐
𝑫(𝟑𝟏) = 𝟐 × 𝟑 × 𝟏 = 𝟔 𝑫(𝟏) = 𝟏 = 𝟏
So (𝟏𝟑𝟏) = 1 6 11 6 1 = 17 161
𝟐
c. 204
𝑫(𝟐) = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒 𝑫(𝟐𝟎) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟎 = 𝟎 𝑫(𝟐𝟎𝟒) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟒 + 𝟎𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔
𝑫(𝟎𝟒) = 𝟐 × 𝟎 × 𝟒 = 𝟎 𝑫(𝟒) = 𝟒𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔
So (𝟐𝟎𝟒)𝟐 = 4 0 16 0 16 =41 616
d. 513
𝑫(𝟓) = 𝟓𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓 𝑫(𝟓𝟏) = 𝟐 × 𝟓 × 𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎 𝑫(𝟓𝟏𝟑) = 𝟐 × 𝟓 × 𝟑 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟑𝟏
𝑫(𝟏𝟑) = 𝟐 × 𝟏 × 𝟑 = 𝟔 𝑫(𝟑) = 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟗
So (𝟓𝟏𝟑)𝟐 = 25 10 31 6 9 = 263 169
e. 263
𝑫(𝟐) = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒 𝑫(𝟐𝟔) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟔 = 𝟐𝟒 𝑫(𝟐𝟔𝟑) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟑 + 𝟔𝟐 = 𝟒𝟖
𝟐
𝑫(𝟔𝟑) = 𝟐 × 𝟔 × 𝟑 = 𝟑𝟔 𝑫(𝟑) = 𝟑 = 𝟗
So (𝟐𝟔𝟑) = 4 24 48 36 9 = 69 169
𝟐
f. 𝟐𝟔𝟒
𝑫(𝟐) = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒 𝑫(𝟐𝟔) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟔 = 𝟐𝟒 𝑫(𝟐𝟔𝟒) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟒 + 𝟔𝟐 = 𝟓𝟐
𝑫(𝟔𝟒) = 𝟐 × 𝟔 × 𝟒 = 𝟒𝟖 𝑫(𝟒) = 𝟒𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔
So (𝟐𝟔𝟒)𝟐 = 4 24 52 48 16 = 69 696
g. 313
𝑫(𝟑) = 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟗 𝑫(𝟑𝟏) = 𝟐 × 𝟑 × 𝟏 = 𝟔 𝑫(𝟑𝟏𝟑) = 𝟐 × 𝟑 × 𝟑 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟗
𝑫(𝟏𝟑) = 𝟐 × 𝟏 × 𝟑 = 𝟔 𝑫(𝟑) = 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟗
So (𝟑𝟏𝟑)𝟐 = 9 6 19 6 9 = 97 969
h. 217
𝑫(𝟐) = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒 𝑫(𝟐𝟏) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟏 = 𝟒 𝑫(𝟐𝟏𝟕) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟕 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟐𝟗
𝑫(𝟏𝟕) = 𝟐 × 𝟏 × 𝟕 = 𝟏𝟒 𝑫(𝟕) = 𝟕𝟐 = 𝟒𝟗
So (𝟐𝟏𝟕)𝟐 = 4 4 29 14 49 = 47 089
i. 3103
𝑫(𝟑) = 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟗 𝑫(𝟑𝟏) = 𝟐 × 𝟑 × 𝟏 = 𝟔 𝑫(𝟑𝟏𝟎) = 𝟐 × 𝟑 × 𝟎 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏
𝑫(𝟑𝟏𝟎𝟑) = 𝟐 × 𝟑 × 𝟑 + 𝟐 × 𝟏 × 𝟎 = 𝟏𝟖 𝑫(𝟏𝟎𝟑) = 𝟐 × 𝟏 × 𝟑 + 𝟎𝟐 = 𝟔
𝑫(𝟎𝟑) = 𝟐 × 𝟎 × 𝟑 = 𝟎 𝑫(𝟑) = 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟗
So (𝟑𝟏𝟎𝟑)𝟐 = 9 6 1 18 6 0 9 = 9 628 609
j. 2132
𝑫(𝟐) = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒 𝑫(𝟐𝟏) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟏 = 𝟒 𝑫(𝟐𝟏𝟑) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟑 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟑
𝑫(𝟐𝟏𝟑𝟐) = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 + 𝟐 × 𝟏 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟒 𝑫(𝟏𝟑𝟐) = 𝟐 × 𝟏 × 𝟐 + 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟏𝟑
𝑫(𝟑𝟐) = 𝟐 × 𝟑 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐 𝑫(𝟐) = 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟒
So (𝟐𝟏𝟑𝟐)𝟐 = 4 4 13 14 13 12 4 = 4 545 424
k. 1414
𝑫(𝟏) = 𝟏 𝑫(𝟏𝟒) = 𝟖 𝑫(𝟏𝟒𝟏) = 𝟏𝟖 𝑫(𝟏𝟒𝟏𝟒) = 𝟏𝟔
𝑫(𝟒𝟏𝟒) = 𝟑𝟑 𝑫(𝟏𝟒) = 𝟖 𝑫(𝟒) = 𝟏𝟔
So (𝟏𝟒𝟏𝟒)𝟐 = 1 8 18 16 33 8 16 = 1 999 396
l. 4144
𝑫(𝟒) = 𝟏𝟔 𝑫(𝟒𝟏) = 𝟖 𝑫(𝟒𝟏𝟒) = 𝟑𝟑 𝑫(𝟒𝟏𝟒𝟒) = 𝟒𝟎
𝑫(𝟏𝟒𝟒) = 𝟐𝟒 𝑫(𝟒𝟒) = 𝟑𝟐 𝑫(𝟒) = 𝟏𝟔
So (𝟒𝟏𝟒𝟒) = 16 8 33 40 24 32 16 = 17 172 736
𝟐
LESSON 13
EQUATIONS
Practice A: Solve the following equations. Check each answer to

make sure it is right.
a. 𝒙 + 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟎
By Transpose and Apply sutra of VM ,
𝒙 + 𝟑 − 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟑
𝒙+𝟎=𝟕
𝒙=𝟕
b. 𝒙 − 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟎
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟑 By Transpose and Apply sutra of VM
c. 𝟐𝟎 + 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝟐𝟎 = 𝟖𝟎 By Transpose and Apply sutra
d. 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟗 = 𝟒𝟒
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟗 + 𝟒𝟒 = 𝟔𝟑
e. 𝒙 + 𝟖𝟖 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝟖𝟖 = 𝟏𝟐
f. 𝒙 − 𝟑 𝟏⁄𝟐 = 𝟒 𝟏⁄𝟐
𝒙= 𝟖
g. 𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐𝟑 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 − 𝟏𝟐𝟑 = 𝟖𝟕𝟕
h. 𝒙 + 𝟏. 𝟑 = 𝟓
𝒙 = 𝟓 − 𝟏. 𝟑 = 𝟑. 𝟕
i. 𝟓𝒙 = 𝟑𝟓
𝟑𝟓
𝒙= =𝟕
𝟓
j. 𝟐𝒙 = 𝟐𝟔
𝟐𝟔
𝒙= = 𝟏𝟑
𝟐
k. 𝟑𝒙 = 𝟗𝟔𝟎
𝟗𝟔𝟎
𝒙= = 𝟑𝟐𝟎
𝟑
l. 𝟐𝒙 = 𝟕𝟔
𝟕𝟔
𝒙= = 𝟑𝟖
𝟐
m. 𝟒𝟎𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎
𝟏𝟐𝟎
𝒙= =𝟑
𝟒𝟎
n. 𝟐 𝟏⁄𝟐 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎×𝟐
𝒙= = = 𝟒
𝟐𝟏⁄𝟐 𝟓
𝒙
o. =𝟕
𝟕
𝒙 = 𝟕 × 𝟕 = 𝟒𝟗
𝒙
p. =𝟓
𝟒
𝒙 = 𝟒 × 𝟓 = 𝟐𝟎
Practice B : Solve the following equations mentally. Check your

answers.
a. 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟕 = 𝟏𝟗
Using Transpose and Apply sutra of VM
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟕 − 𝟕 = 𝟏𝟗 − 𝟕
𝟑𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐
𝒙=𝟒
Reverse the operation , if addition is there then subtract it to
cancel , If multiplication is there then divide it to cancel.
b. 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟐𝟏
𝟐𝒙 = 𝟐𝟏 − 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟏𝟎
𝒙= 𝟐 =𝟓
c. 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟓 = 𝟕
𝟒𝒙 = 𝟕 + 𝟓 = 𝟏𝟐
𝒙= 𝟑
d. 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟖 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟑𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟖 = 𝟏𝟖
𝒙=𝟔
𝒙
e. +𝟒=𝟔
𝟑
𝒙
=𝟔−𝟒=𝟐
𝟑
𝒙=𝟑×𝟐=𝟔
𝒙
f. −𝟖 = 𝟐
𝟐
𝒙
= 𝟐 + 𝟖 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟐
𝒙 = 𝟐𝟎
𝟐𝒙
g. =𝟖
𝟑
𝟐𝒙 = 𝟑 × 𝟖 = 𝟐𝟒
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐
𝒙+𝟒
h. =𝟓
𝟕
𝒙 + 𝟒 = 𝟓 × 𝟕 = 𝟑𝟓
𝒙 = 𝟑𝟓 − 𝟒 = 𝟑𝟏
𝒙−𝟐𝟏
i. =𝟏
𝟏𝟎
𝒙 − 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟑𝟏
j. 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟑. 𝟖
𝟐𝒙 = 𝟑. 𝟖 − 𝟏 = 𝟐. 𝟖
𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟒
Practice C: Solve the following mentally.

𝟐𝒙
a. +𝟒=𝟖
𝟑
𝟐𝒙
=𝟖−𝟒=𝟒 By Transpose and Apply sutra of VM
𝟑
𝟐𝒙 = 𝟑 × 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟐
𝒙=𝟔
𝟑𝒙
b. −𝟒=𝟓
𝟓
𝟑𝒙
=𝟒+𝟓=𝟗
𝟓
𝟑𝒙 = 𝟒𝟓
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟓
𝟕𝒙
c. − 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟏𝟏
𝟐
𝟕𝒙
= 𝟐𝟏
𝟐
𝟕𝒙 = 𝟒𝟐
𝒙= 𝟔
𝟑𝒙
d. + 𝟏𝟕 = 𝟐𝟎
𝟖
𝟑𝒙
= 𝟑
𝟖
𝟑𝒙 = 𝟐𝟒
𝒙=𝟖
𝟐𝒙+𝟏
e. =𝟒
𝟑
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟏𝟐
𝟐𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏
𝒙 = 𝟓. 𝟓
𝟐𝒙−𝟑
f. =𝟑
𝟓
𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟓
𝟐𝒙 = 𝟏𝟖
𝒙=𝟗
𝟓𝒙+𝟐
g. =𝟗
𝟑
𝟓𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝟐𝟕
𝟓𝒙 = 𝟐𝟓
𝒙=𝟓
𝟔𝒙−𝟏
h. =𝟓𝟕
𝟔𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝟑𝟓
𝟔𝒙 = 𝟑𝟔
𝒙=𝟔
i. 𝟑 (𝟓𝒙 − 𝟐) = 𝟓𝟒
𝟓𝒙 − 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟖
𝟓𝒙 = 𝟐𝟎
𝒙 =𝟒
j. 𝟖(𝒙 + 𝟑) = 𝟔𝟒
𝒙+𝟑=𝟖
𝒙=𝟖−𝟑=𝟓
k. 𝟑 (𝟕𝒙 − 𝟑) = 𝟑𝟑
𝟕𝒙 − 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟏
𝟕𝒙 = 𝟏𝟒
𝒙=𝟐
l. 𝟐(𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑) = 𝟏𝟎𝟐
𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑 = 𝟓𝟏
𝟒𝒙 = 𝟒𝟖
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐
All solving equations can be done mentally by Transpose and apply

sutra of VM. Its really amazing doing it mentally.
LESSON 14
FRACTIONS
Practice A: Combine the following. Cancelling down your answer

or leaving as mixed numbers where necessary.
𝟐 𝟏
a. +
𝟓 𝟒
Using Vertically and Crosswise sutra of VM ,
𝟐×𝟒+𝟏×𝟓
𝟓×𝟒
𝟏𝟑
=
𝟐𝟎
𝟑 𝟐
b. +
𝟖 𝟓
𝟑×𝟓+𝟐×𝟖 𝟑𝟏
= =
𝟖×𝟓 𝟒𝟎
𝟏 𝟐
c. +
𝟐 𝟓
𝟏×𝟓+𝟐×𝟐 𝟗
= =
𝟐×𝟓 𝟏𝟎
𝟏 𝟏
d. 𝟏 +𝟐
𝟑 𝟒
𝟏 𝟏 𝟕 𝟕
= 𝟑 + + = 𝟑+ = 𝟑
𝟑 𝟒 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
𝟑 𝟏
e. 𝟑 +𝟐
𝟒 𝟑
𝟑 𝟏 𝟏𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
=𝟓+ + =𝟓+ =𝟓+𝟏 =𝟔
𝟒 𝟑 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
𝟑 𝟐
f. −
𝟓 𝟕
𝟑×𝟕−𝟐×𝟓 𝟏𝟏
= =
𝟓×𝟕 𝟑𝟓
𝟖 𝟏
g. −
𝟗 𝟐
𝟖×𝟐−𝟏×𝟗 𝟕
= =
𝟗×𝟐 𝟏𝟖
𝟑 𝟏
h. −
𝟒 𝟐𝟎
𝟑×𝟐𝟎−𝟏×𝟒 𝟓𝟔 𝟕
= = =
𝟒×𝟐𝟎 𝟖𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝟑 𝟏
i. 𝟓 −𝟐
𝟓 𝟐
𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝟑+ − =𝟑+ =𝟑
𝟓 𝟐 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝟐 𝟒
j. 𝟏𝟎 −𝟏
𝟑 𝟓
𝟐 𝟒 ̅
𝟐 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑
= 𝟗+ − = 𝟗+ =𝟖+ =𝟖
𝟑 𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓
𝟓 𝟕
k. +
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟖
(𝟐) (𝟑)
Divide denominator by common factor of 12 and 18 i.e 6
𝟏𝟐 ÷ 𝟔 = 𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟏𝟖 ÷ 𝟔 = 𝟑
Cross multiply 𝟓 × 𝟑 + 𝟕 × 𝟐 = 𝟐𝟗
Cross multiply denominator 𝟏𝟐 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟖 × 𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔
𝟓 𝟕 𝟐𝟗
So + =
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟖 𝟑𝟔
Practice B: Use simplification to add or subtract the following.
𝟏 𝟒
a. +
𝟑 𝟗
(𝟏) (𝟑)
𝟑 ÷ 𝟑 = 𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟗 ÷ 𝟑 = 𝟑
Cross multiply 𝟏 × 𝟑 + 𝟒 × 𝟏 = 𝟕
Cross multiply denominator 𝟑 × 𝟑 = 𝟗 × 𝟏 = 𝟗
𝟏 𝟒 𝟕
So + =
𝟑 𝟗 𝟗
𝟑 𝟏
b. +
𝟖 𝟔
(𝟒) (𝟑)
𝟖 ÷ 𝟐 = 𝟒 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟔 ÷ 𝟐 = 𝟑
Cross multiply 𝟑 × 𝟑 + 𝟏 × 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟑
Cross multiply denominator 𝟖 × 𝟑 = 𝟔 × 𝟒 = 𝟐𝟒
𝟑 𝟏 𝟏𝟑
So + =
𝟖 𝟔 𝟐𝟒
𝟑 𝟑
c. +
𝟓 𝟏𝟎
(𝟏) (𝟐)
𝟓 ÷ 𝟓 = 𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟏𝟎 ÷ 𝟓 = 𝟐
Cross multiply 𝟑 × 𝟐 + 𝟑 × 𝟏 = 𝟗
Cross multiply denominator 𝟓 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟑 𝟑 𝟗
So + =
𝟓 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝟓 𝟑
d. −
𝟔 𝟒
(𝟑) (𝟐)
𝟔 ÷ 𝟐 = 𝟑 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟒 ÷ 𝟐 = 𝟐
Cross multiply 𝟓 × 𝟐 − 𝟑 × 𝟑 = 𝟏
Cross multiply denominator 𝟔 × 𝟐 = 𝟒 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟐
𝟓 𝟑 𝟏
So − =
𝟔 𝟒 𝟏𝟐
𝟓 𝟑
e. +
𝟔 𝟒
(𝟑) (𝟐)
𝟔 ÷ 𝟐 = 𝟑 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟒 ÷ 𝟐 = 𝟐
Cross multiply 𝟓 × 𝟐 + 𝟑 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟗
Cross multiply denominator 𝟔 × 𝟐 = 𝟒 × 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟐
𝟓 𝟑 𝟏𝟗 𝟕
So + = = 𝟏 𝟏𝟐
𝟔 𝟒 𝟏𝟐
𝟓 𝟏
f. −
𝟏𝟖 𝟐𝟕
( 𝟐) (𝟑)
𝟏𝟖 ÷ 𝟗 = 𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟐𝟕 ÷ 𝟗 = 𝟑
Cross multiply 𝟓 × 𝟑 − 𝟏 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟑
Cross multiply denominator 𝟏𝟖 × 𝟑 = 𝟐𝟕 × 𝟐 = 𝟓𝟒
𝟓 𝟏 𝟏𝟑
So − =
𝟏𝟖 𝟐𝟕 𝟓𝟒
𝟑 𝟏
g. 𝟑𝟒 − 𝟏𝟖
𝟑 𝟏
= 𝟐+ −
𝟒 𝟖
𝟑×𝟐−𝟏×𝟏
= 𝟐+ 𝟖
𝟓
= 𝟐 + 𝟖
𝟓
= 𝟐𝟖
𝟕 𝟏𝟏
h. −
𝟑𝟔 𝟔𝟎
(𝟑) (𝟓)
𝟑𝟔 ÷ 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟑 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟔𝟎 ÷ 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟓
𝟕×𝟓−𝟏𝟏×𝟑
=
𝟏𝟖𝟎
𝟐
=
𝟏𝟖𝟎
𝟏
=
𝟗𝟎
Practice C : Put the following fractions in ascending order

𝟏 𝟐
a. ,
𝟑 𝟓
cross multiply 𝟏 × 𝟓 < 𝟐 × 𝟑
𝟏
so is smaller
𝟑
𝟏 𝟐
Fractions in ascending order are ,
𝟑 𝟓
𝟑 𝟖
b. ,
𝟒 𝟏𝟏
cross multiply 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟏 > 𝟖 × 𝟒
𝟖
so is smaller
𝟏𝟏
𝟖 𝟑
Fractions in ascending order are ,𝟒
𝟏𝟏
𝟐 𝟕 𝟑
c. , ,
𝟑 𝟏𝟐 𝟒
𝟐 𝟕
taking 1st 2 fractions , 𝟏𝟐
𝟑
𝟕
cross multiply 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟐 > 𝟕 × 𝟑 . so is smaller.
𝟏𝟐
𝟕 𝟑 𝟕
Between , 𝟒 . cross multiply 𝟕 × 𝟒 < 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟐 . so is smaller.
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
𝟐 𝟑 𝟐
Between , 𝟒 . cross multiply 𝟐 × 𝟒 < 𝟑 × 𝟑. . so is smaller.
𝟑 𝟑
𝟕 𝟐 𝟑
So Fractions in ascending order are , ,
𝟏𝟐 𝟑 𝟒
𝟓 𝟓 𝟔
d. , ,
𝟔 𝟖 𝟕
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
Between , . cross multiply 𝟓 × 𝟖 > 𝟓 × 𝟔. so is smaller.
𝟔 𝟖 𝟖
𝟓 𝟔 𝟓
Between , 𝟕 . cross multiply 𝟓 × 𝟕 < 𝟔 × 𝟖 . so is smaller.
𝟖 𝟖
𝟓 𝟔 𝟓
Between , . cross multiply 𝟓 × 𝟕 < 𝟔 × 𝟔 . so is smaller.
𝟔 𝟕 𝟔
𝟓 𝟓 𝟔
So fractions in ascending order are , ,
𝟖 𝟔 𝟕
LESSON 15
SPECIAL DIVISION
Practice A: Divide by 9
a. 51 by 9
𝟗) 𝟓𝟏
… … … … … ….
𝟓 𝟔 Divide 51 by 9 is 5 R 6
b. 34 by 9
𝟗 ) 𝟑𝟒
………………..
𝟑 𝟕 Divide 34 by 9 is 3 R 7
c. 17 by 9
𝟗) 𝟏𝟕
……………….
𝟏 𝟖 = 1 R 8
d. 44 by 9
𝟗) 𝟒𝟒
…………………..
𝟒 𝟖 = 4 R 8
e. 60 by 9
𝟗) 𝟔𝟎
…………………..
𝟔 𝟔 = 𝟔 𝑹 𝟔
f. 71 by 9
𝟗 ) 𝟕𝟏
………………….
𝟕 𝟖 = 𝟕𝑹𝟖
g. 26 by 9
𝟗 ) 𝟐𝟔
…………………….
𝟐 𝟖 = 𝟐𝑹𝟖
h. 46 by 9
𝟗 ) 𝟒𝟔
……………………
𝟓 𝟏 = 𝟓 𝑹 𝟏
Practice B : Divide the following by 9

a. 𝟗) 𝟓𝟕
………………….
𝟔 𝟑 = 𝟔 𝑹 𝟑
b. 𝟗 ) 𝟕𝟕
………………….
𝟖 𝟓 = 𝟖 𝑹 𝟓
c. 𝟗 ) 𝟓𝟖
………………….
𝟔 𝟒 = 𝟔 𝑹 𝟒
d. 𝟗 ) 𝟒𝟗
………………….
𝟓 𝟒 = 𝟓 𝑹 𝟒
e. 𝟗) 𝟔𝟒
…………………
𝟕 𝟏 = 𝟕 𝑹 𝟏
f. 𝟗) 𝟖𝟖
………………….
𝟗 𝟕 = 𝟗 𝑹 𝟕
g. 𝟗) 𝟗 𝟔
………………..
𝟏𝟎 𝟔 = 𝟏𝟎 𝑹 𝟔
Practice C : Divide the following

a. 𝟗) 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
…………………………
𝟐 𝟑 𝟓 𝟖 = 𝟐𝟑𝟓 𝑹 𝟖
b. 𝟗)𝟑𝟏𝟐
………………………..
𝟑 𝟒 𝟔 = 𝟑𝟒 𝑹 𝟔
c. 𝟗 ) 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝟐
……………………….
𝟏𝟐𝟒𝟒 𝟔 = 𝟏𝟐𝟒𝟒 𝑹 𝟔
d. 𝟗 ) 𝟒 𝟑 𝟏
………………………..
𝟒𝟕 𝟖 = 𝟒𝟕 𝑹 𝟖
e. 𝟗 ) 𝟓𝟎𝟑 𝟎
……………………….
𝟓𝟓 𝟖 𝟖 = 𝟓𝟓𝟖 𝑹 𝟖
f. 𝟗 ) 𝟕 𝟎 𝟕
…………………….
𝟕 𝟕 𝟏𝟒 = 𝟕 𝟖 𝑹 𝟓
g. 𝟗 ) 𝟐𝟎𝟑𝟎𝟏 𝟎
………………………….
𝟐𝟐𝟓𝟓𝟔 𝟔 = 𝟐𝟐𝟓𝟓𝟔 𝑹 𝟔
h. 𝟗 ) 𝟏 𝟔 𝟒
……………………..
𝟏 𝟕 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟏 𝟖 𝑹 𝟐
i. 𝟗 ) 𝟑𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝟐
………………………….
𝟑𝟒 𝟒𝟕 𝟗 =𝟑𝟒𝟒𝟖𝑹 𝟎
Practice D : Divide the following

a. 𝟗 ) 𝟔 𝟏 𝟓 𝟑
………………………….
6 7 12 15 = 6 8 3 R 6
b. 𝟗 ) 𝟑𝟐𝟖 𝟐
…………………………
3 5 13 15 = 3 6 4 R 6
c. 𝟗 ) 𝟓𝟓 𝟓
…………………………
5 10 15 =6 1 R 6
d. 𝟗 ) 𝟖𝟐𝟓 𝟐
……………………………
8 10 15 17 =9 1 6 R 8
e. 𝟗 ) 𝟔 𝟔 𝟏
……………………
6 12 13 = 7 3 R 4
f. 𝟗 ) 𝟒𝟕𝟒 𝟏
…………………………..
4 11 1 5 1 6 = 5 2 6 R 7
g. 𝟗 ) 𝟏𝟐𝟑𝟒 𝟓
…………………………..
1 3 6 10 15 = 1 3 7 1 R 6
h. 𝟗 ) 𝟒𝟕 𝟒 𝟕
……………………….
4 11 15 22 = 5 2 7 R 4
i. 𝟗) 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝟖 𝟐
………………………..
2 2 2 10 1 2 = 2 2 3 1 R 3
Practice E : Divide the following by 9

a. 𝟗 )𝟔 𝟏 𝟓 𝟑
………………………
6 7 12 15 = 6 8 3 R 6
b. 𝟗 ) 𝟑𝟐 𝟕 𝟐
…………………………
35 12 14 = 3 6 3 R 5
c. 𝟗 ) 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
………………………
5 10 15 = 6 1 R 6
d. 𝟗 ) 𝟖 𝟐 𝟓 𝟐
………………………….
8 10 15 17 = 9 1 6 R 8
e. 𝟗 ) 𝟔 𝟔 𝟏
………………………
6 12 13 = 73 R 4
f. 𝟗 ) 𝟒 𝟕 𝟒 𝟏
………………………….
4 11 15 16 = 5 2 6R 7
g. 𝟗 ) 𝟓 𝟕 𝟒 𝟕
………………………..
5 12 16 23 = 6 3 8 R 5
h. 𝟗 ) 𝟐 𝟗 𝟑 𝟖
…………………………..
2 11 14 22 = 3 2 6 R 4
i. 𝟗 ) 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓
…………………………..
1 3 6 10 15 = 1 3 7 1R 6
j. 𝟗 ) 𝟕 𝟓 𝟎 𝟓 𝟕
……………………………………
7 12 12 17 24 = 8 33 9 R 6
k. 𝟗) 𝟒 𝟒 𝟑 𝟑 𝟐 𝟐
……………………………………
4 8 11 14 16 18 = 4 9 2 57 R 9 = 49258 R0 = 492 58
l. 𝟗 ) 𝟏 𝟗 𝟏 𝟖 𝟏 𝟔 𝟏
……………………………………………
1 10 1 1 19 20 26 27 = 2 1 2 11 2 8 R 9
=2 1 3 1 2 8 R 9
= 2 1 3 1 2 9 R 0 = 213129
Practice F : Try some of these

a. 𝟖 ) 𝟐 𝟐 As 8 is 2 below 10
… ………………. So write 2 first then multiply 2 with
𝟐 𝟔 = 𝟐 𝑹 𝟔 its 1st digit then add to next digit i.e
𝟐 ×𝟐+𝟐=𝟔
b. 𝟖 ) 𝟏 𝟓
……………….
1 7 = 1 R7
c. 𝟖 ) 𝟐 𝟓
…………………….
2 9 = 2 R 9 = 3 R 1 As 9 contains one more 8 and 1 i.e
8+1. So 2 R 9 = 3 R 1
d. 𝟖 ) 𝟓 𝟏
……………………..
5 11 = 5 R 11 = 6 R 3 As 11 contains one more 8 and
3 i.e. 8+3 , so 5 R 11 = 6 R 3
Practice G: Try the following

a. 𝟖 ) 𝟏𝟏 𝟏 As 8 is 2 below 10 . first write 1st
…………………….. digit 1. Multiply 1st digit by 2 and
𝟏 𝟑 𝟕 = 𝟏𝟑 𝑹 𝟕 add it to next digit i.e 𝟏 × 𝟐 + 𝟏 = 𝟑
Next will be 𝟑 × 𝟐 + 𝟏 = 𝟕, 7 is
Remainder.
b. 𝟖 ) 𝟏 𝟓 𝟏
……………………….
𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟏𝟕 𝑹 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟏𝟖 𝑹 𝟕 As here remainder is 15 which
Contains one more 8 , i.e 15 = 8+7 , so one 8 added to 17 it will be
18 and Remainder 7
c. 𝟖 ) 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
……………………
𝟏 𝟐 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟐 𝑹 𝟒
d. 𝟖 ) 𝟐 𝟏 𝟒
…………………….
𝟐 𝟓 𝟏𝟒 = 𝟐𝟓 𝑹 𝟏𝟒 = 𝟐𝟔 𝑹 𝟔 AS here remainder 14
contains one more 8 i.e 14= 8+6 , so one 8 added to 25 it will be 26
and remainder 6
e. 𝟖 ) 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
………………………..
𝟏 𝟑 𝟖 𝟏𝟕 = 𝟏𝟑𝟗 𝑹 𝟗 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎 𝑹 𝟏
As here remainder 17 contains one more 8 i.e 17=8+9. So one 8 added
to 138 it will be 139 and remainder 9 . remainder 9 contains one
more 8 i.e 9=8+1. So one 8 added to 139 it will be 140 and remainder
1.
Practice H: Try these.
a. 𝟕 ) 𝟏 𝟑 7 is 3 below 10. Multiply 1st digit by
………………….. 3 and add it to next digit i.e
𝟏 𝟔 = 𝟏 𝑹 𝟔 𝟏 × 𝟑 + 𝟑 = 𝟔 ,remainder is 6
b. 𝟕) 𝟑 𝟏
…………………..
𝟑 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟑 𝑹 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟒 𝑹 𝟑
As here remainder is 10 contains one more 7 i.e 10= 7+3 . so one 7
added to 3 it will be 4 R 3
c. 𝟕 ) 𝟐 𝟑
…………………..
𝟐 𝟗 =𝟐 𝑹 𝟗= 𝟑 𝑹 𝟐
As here remainder 9 contains one more 7 i.e 9= 7+2 . so one more 7
added to 2 it will be 3 R 2
d. 𝟕 ) 𝟒 𝟎
……………………
𝟒 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟒 𝑹 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟓 𝑹 𝟓
As here remainder 12 contains one more 7 i.e 12 = 7+5 . so one
more 7 added to 4 it will be 5 R 5
e. 𝟕 ) 𝟏 𝟎 𝟑
………………………….
𝟏 𝟑 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟑 𝑹 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒 𝑹 𝟓
f. 𝟕 ) 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
………………………….
𝟏 𝟒 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟏𝟒 𝑹 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟏𝟓 𝑹 𝟔
As here remainder 13 contains one more 7 i.e 13=7+6 . so one
g. 𝟕 ) 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
………………………….
𝟏 𝟑 𝟗 = 𝟏𝟑 𝑹 𝟗 = 𝟏𝟒 𝑹 𝟐
As here remainder 9 contains one more 7 i.e 10 = 7+2 . so one
Practice I : Divide by 99
a. 99 ) 12 14 16
…………………………..
12 26 42 = 1226 R 42
99 is 1 below base 100. Take 2 digits as 99 is 2 digit number. Write

12 first then add 12 to next 2 digit number i.e 14 i.e 12 +14=26 ,
then add 26 with 16 i.e 26+16=42 . remainder is 42 . so 121416
divided by 99 we get 1226 R 42
b. 99 ) 21 31 41
………………………….
21 52 93 = 2152 R 93
c. 99 ) 33 22 11
……………………………
33 55 66 = 3355 R 66
d. 99 ) 28 28 28
……………………………..
28 56 84 = 2856 R 84
e. 99 ) 36 34 32
……………………………
36 70 102 = 3670 R 102 = 3671 R 3
Here Remainder 102 contains one more 99 . i.e 102 = 99+3 . so add
one more 99 to 3670 it will be 3671 R 3
f. 99 ) 11 22 11 22
……………………………….
11 33 44 66 = 113344 R 66
g. 99 ) 34 56
……………………..
34 90 = 34 R 90
Practice J : Divide by 98
a. 98 ) 11 22 03
………………………………….
11 44 91 = 1144 R 91
Here 98 is 2 below base 100. Write down first 11 then double 11
and add it to next digit i.e 11 x 2+22=44 . double 44 and then add it
to next 2 digit i.e 44 x 2 +03= 91 . so 112203 divided by 98 , it will
be 1144 R 91
b. 98 ) 10 20 10
………………………………
10 40 90 = 1040 R 90
c. 98 ) 13 13 13
……………………………..
13 39 91 = 1339 R 91
d. 98 ) 20 02 02
……………………………
20 42 86 = 2042 R 86
e. 98 ) 21 31
…………………………
21 73 = 21 R 73
Practice K : Divide the following ( as mentally as you can )

a. 88 ) 1 21
………………………
1 33 = 1 R 33
Here 88 Is 12 below base 100. Write down 1 first then multiply 1st
digit i.e 1 with 12 and add it to 21 i.e 12 x 1 + 21 = 33. So it will be
1 R 33
b. 76 ) 2 11
……………………….
2 59 = 2 R 59
Here 76 is 24 below base 100 ( by All from 9 and last from 10) .
multiply 2 with 24 and add it to next digit i.e 2 x 24 + 11 = 59 . so
211 divided by 76 will be 2 R 59
C. 83 ) 1 32
………………………
1 49 = 1 R 49
Here 83 is 17 below base 100. Multiply 1st digit 1 with 17 and then
add it to next digit i.e 1 x 17+ 32 = 49 . so 132 divided by 83 will be
1 R 49
d. 98 ) 3 33
……………………..
3 39 = 3 R 39
e. 887 ) 1 223
…………………………
1 336 = 1 R 336
Here 887is 113 below base 1000 ( by All from 9 and last from 10).
Write first 1 and then multiply 1 with 113 and add it to next digit
i.e 1 x 113 +223 = 336. So 1223 divided by 887 will be 1 R 336.
f. 867 ) 1 513
……………………….
1 646 = 1 R 646
Here 867 is 133 below base 1000 (by all from 9 and last from 10) .
Write first 1 and then multiply first digit with 133and add it to net
digit i.e 1 x 133 + 513 = 646 . so 1513 divided by 867 will be
1 R 646
g. 779 ) 2 222
………………………
2 664 = 2 R 664
Here 779 is 221 below base 1000(by all from 9 and last from 10) .
Write first digit 2 and then multiply 1st digit with 221and add it to
222 i.e 2 x 221+ 222 = 664 . so 2222 divided by 779 will be
2 R 664
h. 765 ) 3 001
………………………..
3 236 = 3 R 706
Here 765 is 235 below base 1000. ( by all from 9 and last from 10).
Write down 1st digit 3 and then multiply 1st digit with 235 and then
add it to 001 i.e 3 x 235 +001 = 705 +001=706 . so 3001 divided by
765 will be 3 R 706
i. 8907 ) 1 3103
………………………………
1 4196 = 1 R 4196
Here 8907 is 1093 below base 10000 (by all from 9 and last from
10) Write down 1st digit 1 and then multiply 1st digit with 1093 and
then add it to next 4 digit as 8907is 4 digit number
i.e 1x 1093 + 3103 = 4196 . so 13103 divided by 8907 will be
1 R 4196
j. 7999 ) 1 2321
……………………………..
1 4322 = 1 R 4322
Here 7999 is 2001 below base 10000 ( by allfrom9 and last from
10). Write down 1st digit 1 and multiply 1st digit with 2001 and add
it to next 4 digit i.e 1 x 2001 + 2321 = 4322 . so 12321 divided by
7999 will be 1 R 4322.
k. 7789 ) 2 1012
……………………………..
2 5434 = 2 R 5434
Here 7789 is 2211 below base 10000 ( by All from 9 and last from
10) Write down 1st digit 2 and then multiply 1st digit with 2211 and
add it to next 4 digit i.e 2 x 2211 + 1012 = 5434. So 21012 divided
by 7789 will be 2 R 5434
l. 8888 ) 4 4344
………………………………….
4 8792 = 4 R 8792
Here 8888 is 1112 below base 10000( by all from 9 and last from
10). Write down 1st digit 4 and then multiply 1st digit with 1112 and
add it to next 4 digit i.e 4 x 1112 + 4344 = 8792 . so 44344 divided
by 8888 will be 4 R 8792.
Practice l : Divide the following.

a. 89 ) 1 0 2 1
11 1 1
1 1
…………………………
1 1 4 2 = 11 R 42
Here divisor 89 is 11 below base 100 . write down 1st digit 1 and then
multiply 11st digit with flag digit i.e 1x 11 = 11 and write down on
2nd row as shown and add it and write down on 2nd column as shown .
Then multiply 2nd column digit with flag 11 i.e 1 x 11 = 11 and write
down on 3rd row as shown . then add it and write down on 3rd and 4th
column . we get 42 as Remainder. So 1021 divided by 89
will be 11 R 42.
b. 88 ) 1 1 2 2
12 1 2
2 4
………………………………..
1 2 6 6 = 12 R 66
c. 79 ) 1 0 0 1
21 2 1
4 2
………………………………….
1 2 5 3 = 12 R 53
d. 88 ) 2 1 1 1
12 2 4
3 6
…………………………………
2 3 8 7 = 23 R 87
e. 97 ) 1 1 1 1
03 0 3
0 3
……………………………….
1 1 4 4 = 11 R 44
f. 888 ) 1 0 0 1 1
112 1 1 2
1 1 2
………………………………..
1 1 2 4 3 = 11 R 243
g. 887 ) 1 1 2 4 3
113 1 13
226
………………………………..
12 5 9 9 = 12 R 599
h. 899 ) 2 1 2 1 2
1 01 2 0 2
30 3
……………………………..
2 3 5 3 5 = 23 R 535
i. 988 ) 3 0 1 2 5
012 0 36
00 0
……………………………………
3 0 4 8 5 = 30 R 485
j. 8899 ) 2 0 1 0 2 0
1101 2 20 2
2202
……………………………………
2 2 5 2 4 2 = 22 R 5242
Practice M : Divide the following

a. 123 ) 1 3 7 7
̅ 𝟑
𝟐 ̅ ̅
𝟑̅
𝟐
̅ 𝟑
𝟐 ̅
……………………………….
1 1 2 4 = 11 R 24
Here divisor 123 is closer to base 100 . so mark 2 figures from right
side. . flag number will be bar number 𝟐̅ 𝟑̅ . Write down 1st digit 1 and
̅ 𝟑
then multiply 1st digit 1 with 𝟐 ̅ . write down on 2nd row . then
subtract 2 from 3 and write down on 2nd column . multiply 2nd
̅ 𝟑
column digit 1 with 𝟐 ̅ . Write down 𝟐
̅ 𝟑
̅ on 3rd row. Add 7 , 𝟑
̅ ,𝟐
̅ and
write down 2 on 3rd column and add 7 and 𝟑 ̅ and write down 4 on 4th
column . so 1377 divided by 123 will be 11 R 24
b. 131 ) 1 4 8 1
̅𝟏
𝟑 ̅ ̅ 𝟏
𝟑 ̅
̅𝟏
𝟑 ̅
………………………..
1 1 4 0 = 11 R 40
c. 121 ) 2 5 6
̅𝟏
𝟐 ̅ ̅
̅ 𝟐
𝟒
………………………..
2 1 4 = 2 R 14
d. 132 ) 1 3 6 6
̅𝟐
𝟑 ̅ ̅ ̅̅̅
𝟑 𝟐
0 0
………………………….
1 0 4 6 = 10 R 46
e. 1212 ) 1 3 5 4 5
̅𝟏
𝟐 ̅𝟐
̅ ̅ 𝟏
𝟐 ̅ 𝟐̅
̅
𝟐𝟏̅ 𝟐
̅
……………………………….
1 1 2 1 3 = 11 R 213
f. 161 ) 1 7 8 1
𝟔 ̅
̅ 𝟏 ̅
𝟔 ̅
𝟏
̅
𝟔 𝟏̅
………………………………
1 1 1 0 = 11 R 10
g. 1003 ) 3 2 1 9 8 7
00𝟑̅ 00𝟗 ̅
00𝟔 ̅
̅
00𝟑
……………… .…………….
3 2 1 0 2 4 = 321 R 024 = 321 R 24
h. 111 ) 7 9 9 9 9
̅𝟏
𝟏 ̅ ̅ 𝟕
𝟕 ̅
̅ 𝟐
𝟐 ̅
0 0
…………………………………
7 2 0 7 9 = 720 R 79
Practice N: Divide the following

a. 112 ) 1 2 3 4
̅𝟐
𝟏 ̅ ̅ 𝟐
𝟏 ̅
̅ 𝟐
𝟏 ̅
…………………………….
1 1 0 2 = 11 R 02
Here divisor 112is above base 100 .so mark of 2 digits as it closer to
̅𝟐
base 100 . so flag will be bar number 𝟏 ̅ . Write down 1st digit 1 and
̅𝟐
then multiply 1st digit 1 with flagged figure 𝟏 ̅ .write down 𝟏
̅ 𝟐
̅ on 2nd
row . Add 2 and 𝟏̅ from 2nd column and write down result 1 in 2nd
column as shown . then multiply 2nd column result 1 with flagged 𝟏 ̅𝟐
̅ ,
̅ 𝟐
write down 𝟏 ̅ in 3rd row . Add 3 , 𝟐
̅ 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟏
̅ from 3rd column and write
down result 0 in 3rd column as shown . Add 4 and 𝟐 ̅ and write down
result 2 in 4th column . so 1234 divided by 112 will be 11 R 02.
b. 121 ) 3 9 9 3
̅𝟏
𝟐 ̅ ̅
̅ 𝟑
𝟔
̅𝟑
𝟔 ̅
…………………………….
3 3 0 0 = 33 R 00 = 33
c. 103 ) 4 3 2
̅𝟑
𝟎 ̅ ̅ 𝟐
𝟏 ̅
………………….
4 2 0 = 4 R 20
d. 1012 ) 2 1 3 1 2
̅𝟏
𝟎 ̅𝟐
̅ ̅ 𝟐
𝟎 ̅ 𝟒
̅
̅ ̅
𝟎𝟏𝟐 ̅
……………………………..
2 1 1 𝟒̅ 0 = 21 R 1 𝟒
̅ 𝟎 = 21 R 060
e. 122 ) 3 3 3 3
̅𝟐
𝟐 ̅ ̅ 𝟔
𝟔 ̅
6 6
………………………………….
̅ 39 = 27 R 39
3 𝟑
f. 123 ) 2 5 8 4
̅𝟑
𝟐 ̅ ̅ 𝟔
𝟒 ̅
̅ 𝟑
𝟐 ̅
…………………………
2 1 0 1 = 21 R 01
g. 113 ) 1 3 6 9 6
̅𝟑
𝟏 ̅ 𝟏̅ ̅𝟑
̅ 𝟔
𝟐 ̅
̅ 𝟑
𝟏 ̅
…………………………….
1 2 1 2 3 = 121 R 23
h. 1212 ) 1 3 7 9 8 7
̅𝟏
𝟐 ̅𝟐
̅ ̅ 𝟏
𝟐 ̅ 𝟐̅
̅ 𝟏
𝟐 ̅ 𝟐
̅
̅ ̅
𝟖𝟒 𝟖̅
……………………………………
1 1 4 𝟐 ̅ 2 𝟏̅ = 113 R 𝟏𝟖𝟏
̅̅̅̅̅̅ or 113 R 1031
As 1212 is 212 above base 1000. Mark 3 digits from right side as
̅̅̅̅̅̅ . Write down 1st
base is 1000 . Flagged figure will be bar number 𝟐𝟏𝟐
digit 1 and multiply 1 with flagged figure and write down in 1st row
as shown. Add 3 and 𝟐 ̅ and write 1 on 2nd column as shown . Multiply
1 with 𝟐̅𝟏
̅𝟐̅ and write down on 2nd row as shown. Add 7 , 𝟏
̅ ,𝟐
̅ and
write down 4 on 3rd column . Multiply 4 with 𝟐 ̅𝟏̅𝟐
̅ and write down
̅𝟒
𝟖 ̅ on 3rd row. Add 9 , 𝟐
̅𝟖 ̅ ,𝟏
̅ ,𝟖
̅ and write down 𝟐
̅ on 4th column as
shown . Add 8 , 𝟐̅ ,𝟒
̅ and write down 2 on 5th column as shown . Add 7
and 𝟖̅ and write down 𝟏 ̅ on last column as shown . so 137987 divided
by 1212 will be 114 R 𝟐 ̅𝟐𝟏 ̅ . quotient will be 114-1=113 and
remainder will be 𝟐 ̅ 𝟐𝟏
̅ = 𝟏𝟖𝟏
̅̅̅̅̅̅ . so there are 113 1212’s in 137987 .
̅̅̅̅̅̅ we get 1212 -181=1031
so add 1212 to 𝟏𝟖𝟏
So 137987 divided by 1212 will be 113 R 1031
i. 111 ) 7 9 9 9 9
̅𝟏
𝟏 ̅ ̅𝟕
𝟕 ̅
̅
𝟐 ̅
𝟐
0 0
……………………………..
7 2 0 7 9 = 720 R 79
j. 121 ) 2 6 5 2
̅𝟏
𝟐 ̅ ̅
̅ 𝟐
𝟒
̅ 𝟐
𝟒 ̅
………………………
2 2 𝟏̅ 0 = 22 R 𝟏
̅ 0 = 21 R 111
k. 1231 ) 3 3 0 3 3
̅𝟑
𝟐 ̅𝟏
̅ ̅ ̅̅̅
̅ 𝟗
𝟔 𝟑
6 93
…………………………..
̅
3 𝟑 ̅ 9 6 = 27 R 𝟐𝟎𝟒
𝟑 ̅̅̅̅̅̅ = 26 R 1027
LESSON 16
CROWNING GEM
Practice A: Divide the following

a. 𝟏𝟎𝟑 ÷ 𝟒𝟑
3)1 0 3
4 2
……………………………
2 17 = 2 R 17
Write divisor 43 as 3 raised up. 4 into 10 goes 2 R 2 . multiply raised

3 with result 2 i.e 6 and subtract result 6 from 23 we get 17 .
So 103 divided by 43 will be 2 R 17
b. 𝟐𝟑𝟒 ÷ 𝟓𝟒
4)2 3 4
5 3
………………………..
4 18 = 4 R 18
c. 𝟕𝟒 ÷ 𝟐𝟑
3) 7 4
2 1
…………………………..
3 5 = 3 R 5
d. 𝟓𝟎𝟒 ÷ 𝟕𝟐
2)5 0 4
7 1
……………………….
7 0 = 7 R 0
e. 𝟒𝟒𝟒 ÷ 𝟔𝟑
3)4 4 4
6 2
………………………………
7 3 = 7 R 3
f. 𝟓𝟒𝟑 ÷ 𝟖𝟐
2)5 4 3
8 6
…………………………..
6 51 = 6 R 51
g. 𝟓𝟔𝟕 ÷ 𝟗𝟑
3) 5 6 7
9 2
……………………………..
6 9 = 6 R 9
Practice B : Copy each of the following sums and replace the

question marks with the correct number.
a. 5 ) 2 1
…………………
3 Rem 6
b. 7 ) 5 1
………………….
6 Rem 9
c. 4) 3 0
……………………
6 Rem 6
d. 3 )2 2
……………………….
6 Rem 4
e. 5)4 2
………………….
6 Rem 12
f. 6)3 9
……………………
4 Rem 15
g. 5)24
……………………
̅
5 Rem 𝟏
h. 7)2 6
………………………
̅
4 Rem 𝟐
Practice C : Divide the following

a. 𝟗𝟕 ÷ 𝟐𝟖
8)9 7
2 1
……………………
4 ̅̅̅̅
𝟏𝟓 = 4 R ̅̅̅̅
𝟏𝟓 = 3 R 13
Write Divisor 28 as 8 raised up. 2 into 9 gives 4 R 1 . Multiply result
4 with 8 raised up i.e 4 x 8= 32 . subtract 32 from 17 we get ̅̅̅̅
𝟏𝟓 .
̅̅̅̅ = ( 4-1) Rem (28+𝟏𝟓
4 R 𝟏𝟓 ̅̅̅̅ ) = 3 R 13
b. 𝟏𝟖𝟒 ÷ 𝟒𝟕
7) 18 4
4 2
……………………….
4 ̅ = 4 R 𝟒
𝟒 ̅ = 3 R 43
c. 𝟐𝟏𝟎 ÷ 𝟓𝟑
3) 21 0
5 1
……………………..
4 ̅ =4R𝟐
𝟐 ̅ = 3 R 51
d. 𝟑𝟕𝟑 ÷ 𝟔𝟑
3 ) 37 3
6 1
…………………………
6 ̅ = 6 R𝟓
𝟓 ̅ = 5 R 58
e. 𝟑𝟓𝟑 ÷ 𝟓𝟐
2 ) 35 3
5 0
…………………………..
7 ̅̅̅̅
𝟏𝟏 = 7 R ̅̅̅̅
𝟏𝟏 = 6 R 41
f. 𝟑𝟑𝟑 ÷ 𝟒𝟒
4 ) 33 3
4 1
………………………
8 ̅̅̅̅ = 8 R 𝟏𝟗
𝟏𝟗 ̅̅̅̅ = 7 R 25
g. 𝟐𝟔𝟕 ÷ 𝟑𝟕
7 ) 26 7
3 2
…………………………
8 ̅̅̅̅ = 8 R 𝟐𝟗
𝟐𝟗 ̅̅̅̅ = 7 R 8
h. 𝟑𝟓𝟕 ÷ 𝟓𝟗
9 ) 35 7
5 0
…………………….
7 ̅̅̅̅ = 6 R 3
𝟓𝟔
i. 𝟑𝟓𝟑 ÷ 𝟓𝟗
9 ) 35 3
5 0
……………………….
7 ̅̅̅̅
𝟔𝟎 = 7 R ̅̅̅̅ ̅ = 5 R 58
𝟔𝟎 = 6 R 𝟏
Practice D : Divide the following (the remainder is zero for first

four sums so you will know if it is correct.
a. 𝟏𝟗𝟗𝟎𝟐 ÷ 𝟔𝟐
2 ) 1 9 9 0 2
6 1 1 0
…………………………………
3 2 1 0 = 321 R 0
Here divisor is 62 write 2 raised up as shown. Divide 19 into 6 gives
3 remainder 1. Result 3 , 1 , 9 shown diagonally. Now multiply result
3 with flag 2 i.e 6 and subtract it from 19 ( diagonally shown)
i.e 19 – 6 = 13 . Divide 13into 6 gives 2 Remainder 1. Now 2,1,0
shown diagonally. Now 10 – ( 2 x 2) = 6 . then divide 6 by 6 gives 1
remainder 0 . Now 1,0,2 shown diagonally . now 02 – (1 x 2)=0
then divide 0 by 6 gives remainder 0.
b. 𝟒𝟒𝟕𝟒𝟗 ÷ 𝟕𝟑
3)4 4 7 4 9
7 2 2 0
………………………
6 1 3 0 = 613 R 0
c. 𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟔 ÷ 𝟖𝟖
8) 1 9 3 6
8 3 1
………………………….
2 2 0 = 22 R 0
d. 𝟒𝟎𝟑𝟐 ÷ 𝟕𝟐
2)4 0 3 2
7 5 1
………………………
5 6 0 = 56 R 0
e. 𝟒𝟏𝟓𝟒 ÷ 𝟗𝟐
2) 4 1 5 4
9 5 2
………………………
4 5 14 = 45 R 14
f. 𝟐𝟑𝟖𝟐𝟒 ÷ 𝟓𝟏
1) 2 3 8 2 4
5 3 4 1
…………………………..
4 6 7 7 = 467 R 7
g. 𝟗𝟐𝟎𝟓𝟒 ÷ 𝟔𝟑
3)9 2 0 5 4
6 3 5 2 1
…………………………..
1 4 6 1 11 = 1461 R 11
h. 𝟏𝟒𝟐𝟖𝟓𝟕 ÷ 𝟔𝟏
1)1 4 2 8 5 7
6 2 2 1 5
……………………………….
2 3 4 1 56 = 2341 R 56
i. 𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟑𝟑 ÷ 𝟓𝟑
3)1 2 2 3 3
5 2 1 4
……………………………..
2 3 0 43 = 230 R 43
j. 𝟗𝟎𝟏𝟖 ÷ 𝟕𝟏
1)9 0 1 8
7 2 5 0
……………………………..
1 2 7 1 = 127 R 1
k. 𝟖𝟗𝟏𝟎 ÷ 𝟕𝟐
2)8 9 1 0
7 1 3 6
…………………………….
1 2 3 54 = 123 R 54
l. 𝟐𝟑𝟔𝟓𝟖 ÷ 𝟏𝟏𝟐
2)2 3 6 5 8
11 1 1 2
……………………………
2 1 1 26 = 211 R 26
m. 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 ÷ 𝟔𝟏
1) 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 4 4 5 3 5 5
……………………………………….
6 5 5 7 3 7 43 = 655737 R 43
n. 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟏𝟖 ÷ 𝟔𝟒
4)1 4 0 1 8
6 2 6 3
…………………………..
2 19 2 = 219 R 2
o. 𝟒𝟕𝟏𝟐 ÷ 𝟒𝟓
5) 4 7 1 2
4 0 2 5
………………………..
10 4 32. = 104 R 32
p. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ÷ 𝟕𝟔
6) 2 2 2 2 2
7 8 7 4
…………………………….
2 9 2 30 = 292 R 30
q. 𝟔𝟓𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟖 ÷ 𝟖𝟐
2)6 5 1 2 5 8
8 9 5 2 1
…………………………………….
7 9 4 2 14 = 7942 R 14
r. 𝟑𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟏 ÷ 𝟓𝟔
6)3 0 1 2 9 1
5 5 6 4 1
………………………………
5 3 8 0 11 = 5380 R 11
s. 𝟓𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟏𝟕 ÷ 𝟕𝟑
3)5 1 1 7 1 7
7 2 0 7 8
……………………………….
7 0 0 9 60 = 7009 R 60
t. 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟐𝟗𝟑 ÷ 𝟒𝟔
6) 3 6 0 2 9 3
4 8 6 2 3
…………………………………….
7 8 3 2 21 = 7832 R 21
Practice E : Divide the following . giving the answer and
remainder.
a. 𝟑𝟕𝟑 ÷ 𝟓𝟖
8)3 7 3
5 7
……………………….
6 25 = 6 R 25
̅ )3 7
𝟐 3
6 1
………………………
6
25 = 6 R 25
W e can write 58 as 𝟔𝟐 ̅ . Divide 37 into 6 gives 6 remainder 1. Write
6 , 1 , 3 diagonally as shown. Multiply flag 𝟐̅ with 6 gives 𝟏𝟐
̅̅̅̅ , subtract
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ = 13 +12=25 is the remainder.
𝟏𝟐 from 13 we get 13 -𝟏𝟐
b. 𝟑𝟓𝟕 ÷ 𝟒𝟖
̅ ) 3 5
𝟐 7
5 0
……………………….
7 21 = 7 R 21
c. 𝟑𝟎𝟎 ÷ 𝟓𝟗
̅ ) 3 0
𝟏 0
6 0
……………………
5 5 = 5 R 5
d. 𝟑𝟐𝟏 ÷ 𝟒𝟕
̅ ) 3 2
𝟑 1
5 2
……………………….
6 39 = 6 R 39
e. 𝟓𝟎𝟓 ÷ 𝟕𝟖
̅ ) 5 0
𝟐 5
8 2
……………………………
6 37 = 6 R 37
f. 𝟓𝟒𝟑 ÷ 𝟔𝟖
̅ ) 5 4
𝟐 3
7 5
……………………….
7 67 = 7 R 67
Practice F : Find to two decimal places.

a. 𝟏𝟎𝟖 ÷ 𝟑𝟏
1) 1 0 8 . 0 0 0 0
3 1 3 2 3 3
……………………………………
3 . 4 8 3 8
So dividing 108 by 31 up to 2 decimal places will be 3.48
b. 𝟒𝟎𝟓𝟎 ÷ 𝟕𝟑
3)4 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 0
7 5 5 72
……………………………………..
5 5 .4 8
c. 𝟗𝟖𝟕𝟔 ÷ 𝟗𝟒
4) 9 8 7 6 . 0 0 0 0
9 0 4 2 6 6 9 6
…………………………………….
1 0 5 . 0 6 3 8
So dividing 9876 by 94 up to 2 decimal places is 105.06
d. 𝟐𝟓. 𝟓𝟐 ÷ 𝟑𝟖
8) 2 5 . 5 2 0 0 0 0
3 0 7 6 3 7
………………………………………….
0. 6 7 1 5
So dividing 25.52 by 38 up to 2 decimal places will be 0.67
e. 𝟕𝟖 ÷ 𝟒𝟗
9) 7 8 . 0 0 0 0
4 3 9 9 5
……………………………………
1 .5 9 1
f. 𝟔. 𝟕 ÷ 𝟖𝟖
8 ) 6. 7 0 0 0 0
8 0 7 6
………………………
0. 0 8
g. 𝟏𝟗 ÷ 𝟔𝟐
2 ) 19 . 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 0 1 6
………………………………..
0. 3 0 9
h. 𝟔𝟐 ÷ 𝟏𝟗
9) 6 2 .0 0 0 0 0 0
1 3 7
……………………………………..
3 .2 6

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Solution Workbook Practices of Elementary Teachers Manual 1

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Solution Of Practice Exercises & Answers

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Note : This solution workbook practices are extracted from Elementary

Practice A: Complete the following Addition.

a. 6+4 b. 4+16 c. 5+25 d. 13+7 e. 22+8

Practice C. In the following exercise fill in the missing number.

b. 49 is close to 50 and is 1 below.

c. 68 is close to 70 and is 2 below.

Practice E : Add Mentally by first finding tens and then Units

Practice F : See how many you can find

Practice G: Try these

Practice H: Use the method of Completing whole to add the

Practice I : Try these completing the whole.

In a.) 4 and 6 makes 10 , 10 added to 5 and 2 gives 17. Write 7 and

In b) 5 and 5 makes 10 , 10 added to gives 16 ,write 6 and carry 1. In

In d) 7 and 3 makes 10 added to 4 gives 14. Write 4 and carry 1.In

In e) 9 and 1 makes 10 , 7,2,and 1 makes 10 , Add 10 with 10 and 6

In b) 8 and 2 makes 10 , added to 5 and 7 gives 22 .write 2 and carry

In c) 9 and 1 makes 10 , added to 8 and 8 gives 26 . write 6 and carry

In d) 7 and 3 makes 10 ,added to 7 and 5 gives 22. Write 2 and carry

In e) 2and 8 makes 10 , 3, 6 and 1 makes 10 , add 10 with 10 and 5

Practice K: Try some ( Hint : Add 10 and step back by 1)

Practice L: Add these( hint: Add a multiple of 10 and step back by

Practice M: Add these ( Hint : Add multiples of 10 and step back)

Practice A: Double the following Just write down the answer.

sol. a. Double of 24 is 24+24= 24 × 2 = 48

Practice B: Double the following.

sol. a. Double of 58 = Double of 50+Double of 8

sol. a. Double of 362 is Double of 300+double of 60+Double of 2

Practice D: Try these

sol. a. 53 × 𝟒 = 𝟓𝟑 × 𝟐 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟔 × 𝟐 = 𝟐𝟏𝟐 ( Doubling 2 times

sol. a. 𝟖 𝟏⁄𝟐 × 𝟒 = 𝟑𝟐 + 𝟐 = 𝟑𝟒 ( Doubling 8𝟏⁄𝟐 two times “Proportionately

Practice F : Find half of the following numbers.

sol. Half of 10 = 5 ( Halving of number comes from “Proportionately”

Practice G : Try to Half of these numbers.

sol. Half of 36= Half of 30+Half of 6 = 15+3=18

Practice H: Halve the Following Numbers . Try to do them in your

sol. Half of 164 = Half of 100+Halfof 60+ Half of 4= 50+30+2= 82

Practice I :Use Halving to do the following division.

d. Half of 180 is 90 , Half of 90 is 45

e. Half of 244 is 122 , Half of 122 is 61

Divide by 8 ( Halving number three times)

g. Half of 440 is 220 , Half of 220 is 110 ,Half of 110 is 55

h. Half of 248 is 124 , Half of 124 is 62 , Half of 62 is 31

j. Half of 44 is 22 , Half of 22 is 11 , Half of 11 is 𝟓 𝟏⁄𝟐

Practice J: Find the following

Practice K: Find the following

sol. a. 𝟏𝟔 × 𝟏𝟖 = 𝟐 × 𝟗 × 𝟐 × 𝟖 = 𝟐 × 𝟐 × 𝟕𝟐 = 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟒𝟒 = 𝟐𝟖𝟖 ( Doubling 72

Practice L: Multiply the following

b. 𝟒𝟐 × 𝟓 = 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒐𝒇 𝟒𝟐𝟎 = 𝟐𝟏𝟎

Practice M : Multiply the following

sol. 5 is half of 10 , divide by 5 is double the number and then

b. Double of 135 is 270 , Divide by 10 is 27

c. Double of 375 is 750 ,Divide by10 is 75

d. Double of 470 is 940 ,divide by 10is 94

e. Double of 505 = 1010 , divide by 10 is 101

f. Double of 4005 is 8010 ,Divide by 10 is 801

g. Double of 1235 is 2470 , Divide by 10 is 247

h. Double of 7070 is 14140 , divide by 10 is 1414

i. Double of 885 is 1770 , divide by 10 is 177

j. Double of 49 is 98, divide by 10 is 9.8

k. Double of 52 is 104 , divide by 10 is 10.4

l. Double of 22.2 is 44.4 , Divide by 10 is 4.44

b. Double of 1250 is 2500 , divide by 100 is 25