Centroids by Composite Areas PDF

Centroids
Method of Composite Areas
A small boy swallowed

some coins and was
taken to a hospital.
When his grandmother
telephoned to ask how
he was a nurse said 'No
change yet'.
Centroids
¢  Previously, we developed a general
formulation for finding the centroid for a
series of n areas
∑x A i i
x= i =1
n
∑A
i =1
i
2 Centroids by Composite Areas Monday, November 12, 2012
1
Centroids
¢  xi
was the distance from the y-axis to the
local centroid of the area Ai
∑x A i i
x= i =1
n
∑A
i =1
i
Centroids
¢  If
we can break up a shape into a series of
smaller shapes that have predefined local
centroid locations, we can use this formula
to locate the centroid of the composite
shape
n
∑x A i i
x= i =1
n
4 Centroids by Composite Areas

∑A
i =1
i
Monday, November 12, 2012
2
Centroid by Composite Bodies
¢  There is a table in the back cover of your
book that gives you the location of local
centroids for a select group of shapes
¢  The point labeled C is the location of the
centroid of that shape.

¢  Pleasenote that these are local centroids,
they are given in reference to the x and y
axes as shown in the table.
3
¢  For example, the centroid location of the
semicircular area has the y-axis through
the center of the area and the x-axis at the
bottom of the area
¢  The x-centroid would be located at 0 and
the y-centroid would be located at
4r
3π

¢  If
we wanted the centroid with respect to
another axis, say along the top of the
semicircle and along the left edge, the
values in the table couldn’t be used exactly
y
x
4
¢  The table would give you the distance of C
above the base of the semicircle, but that
isn’t the distance from the centroid to the
x-axis
y
x
C
4r/3π
5
¢  Since
the radius of the semicircle, in this
case the distance to the y-centroid would
be
⎛ 4r ⎞
y = −⎜r − ⎟
⎝ 3π ⎠
y
x
⎛ 4r ⎞
y = −⎜r − ⎟
⎝ 3π ⎠
C
4r/3π
6
¢  By
the same logic, the distance to the x-
centroid would be
x=r
y
r x
r-(4r/3π)
C
4r/3π
7
An Example
¢  Lets
start with an example problem and
see how this develops n
∑x A i i
x= i =1
n
1 in ∑A
i =1
i
1 in
1 in
1in
3 in
An Example
¢  Wewant to locate both the x and y
centroids n
∑x A i i
x= i =1
n
1 in ∑A
i =1
i
1 in
1 in
1in
3 in
8
An Example
¢  Thereisn’t much of a chance of
developing a function that is easy to
integrate in this case n
∑x A i i
x= i =1
n
1 in ∑A
i =1
i
1 in
1 in
1in

3 in
An Example
¢  Wecan break this figure up into a series of
shapes and find the location of the local
n
centroid of each xA ∑ i i
x= i =1
n
1 in ∑A
i =1
i
1 in
1 in
1in
18 Centroids by Composite 3 in
Areas Monday, November 12, 2012
9
An Example
¢  There
are multiple ways to do this as long
as you are consistent n
∑x A i i
x= i =1
n
1 in ∑A
i =1
i
1 in
1 in
1in
3 in
An Example
¢  First,
we can develop a rectangle on the
left side of the diagram, we will label that
as area 1, A1 n
∑x A i i
x= i =1
n
1 in ∑A
i =1
i
A1
1 in
1 in
1in

3 in
10
An Example
¢  A
second rectangle will be placed in the
bottom of the figure, we will label it A2
n
∑x A i i
1 in x= i =1
n
A1 ∑A
i =1
i
1 in
A2
1 in
1in
3 in
An Example
¢  Aright triangle will complete the upper
right side of the figure, label it A3
n
∑x A i i
1 in x= i =1
n
A1 ∑A
i =1
i
1 in
A3
A2
1 in
1in
3 in
11
An Example
¢  Finally,
we will develop a negative area to
remove the quarter circle in the lower left
hand corner, label it A4
n
∑x A i i
1 in x= i =1
n
A1 ∑A
i =1
i
1 in
A3
A2
A4
1 in
1in
23 Centroids by Composite3Areas
in Monday, November 12, 2012
An Example
¢  We will begin to build a table so that
keeping up with things will be easier
¢  The first column will be the areas
n
1 in
∑x A i i
ID Area x= i =1
n
A1
(in2)
2 1 in A1 ∑A i
A3 i =1
A2 3
A3 1.5
A4 -0.7854 A4 A2 1 in
1in
3 in
12
An Example
¢  Now we will calculate the distance to the
local centroids from the y-axis (we are
calculating an x-centroid)
n
ID Area xi 1 in
∑x A i i
(in )
2
(in) x= i =1
n
A1
A2
2
3
0.5
2.5 1 in A1 ∑A i
A3 1.5 2
A3 i =1
A4 -0.7854 0.42441
A4 A2 1 in
1in
3 in
An Example
¢  To calculate the top term in the expression
we need to multiply the entries in the last
two columns by one another
n
∑x A i i
ID Area xi xi*Area 1 in x= i =1
n
∑A
2 3
(in ) (in) (in )
A1 2 0.5 1 i
A2 3 2.5 7.5 1 in A1 A3
i =1
A3 1.5 2 3
A4 -0.7854 0.42441 -0.33333
A4 A2 1 in
1in
26 Centroids by Composite Areas

3 in Monday, November 12, 2012
13
An Example
¢  If
we sum the second column, we have the
bottom term in the division, the total area
n
ID Area
(in2)
xi xi*Area
(in3)
∑x A i i
A1 2
(in)
0.5 1 1 in
x= i =1
n
A2
A3
3
1.5
2.5
2
7.5
3
∑A
i =1
i
A4 -0.7854 0.42441 -0.33333 1 in A1 A3

5.714602
A4 A2 1 in
1in
3 in
An Example
¢  And if we sum the fourth column, we have
the top term, the area moment
ID Area xi xi*Area n
A1
(in2)
2
(in)
0.5
(in3)
1 ∑x A i i
A2 3 2.5 7.5
1 in
x= i =1
n
A3
A4
1.5 2 3
-0.7854 0.42441 -0.33333
∑A
i =1
i
5.714602 11.16667 1 in A1 A3
A4 A2 1 in
1in
3 in
14
An Example
¢  Dividingthe sum of the area moments by
the total area we calculate the x-centroid
n
ID Area
(in2)
xi
(in)
xi*Area
(in3)
∑x A i i
A1 2 0.5 1 1 in
x= i =1
n
A2
A3
3
1.5
2.5
2
7.5
3
∑A
i =1
i
A4 -0.7854 0.42441 -0.33333 1 in A1 A3

5.714602 11.16667
x bar 1.9541
A4 A2 1 in
1in
3 in
An Example
¢  You can always remember which to divide
by if you look at the final units, remember
that a centroid is a distance
n
ID Area
(in2)
xi
(in)
xi*Area
(in3)
∑x A i i
A1 2 0.5 1 1 in
x= i =1
n
A2
A3
3
1.5
2.5
2
7.5
3
∑A
i =1
i
A4 -0.7854 0.42441 -0.33333 1 in A1 A3

5.714602 11.16667
x bar 1.9541
A4 A2 1 in
1in
3 in
15
An Example
¢  Wecan do the same process with the y
centroid
n
ID Area
(in2)
xi
(in)
xi*Area
(in3)
∑y A i i
A1 2 0.5 1 1 in
y= i =1
n
A2
A3
3
1.5
2.5
2
7.5
3
∑A
i =1
i
A4 -0.7854 0.42441 -0.33333 1 in A1 A3

5.714602 11.16667
x bar 1.9541
A4 A2 1 in
1in
3 in
An Example
¢  Notice
that the bottom term doesn’t
change, the area of the figure hasn’t
changed
n
ID Area
(in2)
xi
(in)
xi*Area
(in3)
∑y A i i
A1 2 0.5 1 1 in
y= i =1
n
A2
A3
3
1.5
2.5
2
7.5
3
∑A
i =1
i
A4 -0.7854 0.42441 -0.33333 1 in A1 A3

5.714602 11.16667
x bar 1.9541
A4 A2 1 in
1in
3 in
16
An Example
¢  We only need to add a column of yi’s
ID Area xi xi*Area yi
2 3
(in ) (in) (in ) (in)
A1 2 0.5 1 1 n
A2 3 2.5 7.5 0.5 ∑y A i i

A3 1.5 2 3 1.333333 y= i =1
n
A4 -0.7854 0.42441 -0.33333 0.42441
5.714602 11.16667
∑Ai =1
i
x bar 1.9541 1 in
1 in A1 A3
A4 A2 1 in
1in
33 Centroids by Composite Areas 3 in

An Example
¢  Calculate the area moments about the x-
axis
ID Area xi xi*Area yi yi*Area
n
∑y A
(in2) (in) (in3) (in) (in3)
A1 2 0.5 1 1 2 i i
A2 3 2.5 7.5 0.5 1.5 y= i =1
n
A3
A4
1.5 2 3 1.333333
-0.7854 0.42441 -0.33333 0.42441 -0.33333
2
∑Ai =1
i
5.714602 11.16667
x bar 1.9541 1 in
1 in A1 A3
A4 A2 1 in
1in

17
An Example
¢  Sum the area moments
(in2) (in) (in3) (in) (in3)
A1 2 0.5 1 1 2 n
A2 3 2.5 7.5 0.5 1.5 ∑y A i i
A3 1.5 2 3 1.333333 2 y= i =1
n
∑A
A4 -0.7854 0.42441 -0.33333 0.42441 -0.33333
5.714602 11.16667 5.166667 i
x bar 1.9541 i =1
1 in
1 in A1 A3
A4 A2 1 in
1in

An Example
¢  And make the division of the area
moments by the total area
(in2) (in) (in3) (in) (in3) n
A1 2 0.5 1 1 2 ∑y A i i
A2 3 2.5 7.5 0.5 1.5
y= i =1
n
A3 1.5 2 3 1.333333 2
A4 -0.7854 0.42441 -0.33333 0.42441 -0.33333 ∑Ai =1
i
5.714602 11.16667 5.166667
x bar 1.9541 y bar 0.904117 1 in
1 in A1 A3
A4 A2 1 in
1in

18
Example Problem 9-60
•  Problem 9-60
Example Problem 9-61
19
Homework
¢  Problem 9-64

20

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Centroids

Method of Composite Areas

A small boy swallowed

2 Centroids by Composite Areas Monday, November 12, 2012

3 Centroids by Composite Areas Monday, November 12, 2012

4 Centroids by Composite Areas

5 Centroids by Composite Areas Monday, November 12, 2012

Centroid by Composite Bodies

6 Centroids by Composite Areas Monday, November 12, 2012

Centroid by Composite Bodies

8 Centroids by Composite Areas Monday, November 12, 2012

9 Centroids by Composite Areas Monday, November 12, 2012

Centroid by Composite Bodies

10 Centroids by Composite Areas Monday, November 12, 2012

11 Centroids by Composite Areas Monday, November 12, 2012

Centroid by Composite Bodies

12 Centroids by Composite Areas Monday, November 12, 2012

13 Centroids by Composite Areas Monday, November 12, 2012

Centroid by Composite Bodies

14 Centroids by Composite Areas Monday, November 12, 2012

17 Centroids by Composite Areas Monday, November 12, 2012

20 Centroids by Composite Areas Monday, November 12, 2012

26 Centroids by Composite Areas

A4 -0.7854 0.42441 -0.33333 1 in A1 A3

A4 -0.7854 0.42441 -0.33333 1 in A1 A3

A4 -0.7854 0.42441 -0.33333 1 in A1 A3

A4 -0.7854 0.42441 -0.33333 1 in A1 A3

A4 -0.7854 0.42441 -0.33333 1 in A1 A3

A2 3 2.5 7.5 0.5 ∑y A i i

33 Centroids by Composite Areas 3 in

34 Centroids by Composite Areas 3 in

35 Centroids by Composite Areas 3 in

36 Centroids by Composite Areas 3 in

37 Centroids by Composite Areas Monday, November 12, 2012

Example Problem 9-61

38 Centroids by Composite Areas Monday, November 12, 2012

¢ Problem 9-64

¢ Problem 9-71

39 Centroids by Composite Areas Monday, November 12, 2012

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¢  Problem 9-64

¢  Problem 9-71