¡Hola! ¡Buenos dias! Nosotros somos Maritza, María-Elena, y Aisha.

Hoy les vamos a presentar cuatro

grupos indignes de Bolivia.

Vamos a empezar con el primer grupo que es la tribu yuqui. Los yuqui se encuentran en varias
ubicaciones, algunos viven en el departamento Cochabamba y otros en la provincia Carrasco, pero
prácticamente todos los yuqui están concentrados en la comunidad Bia (Mbya) Recuate.

Ahorra, continuamos con la tribu Aymara.

The Aymara have passed through several stages of acculturation, first under the Incas, then
under the Spaniards, and subsequently in the course of modernization. The Inca strengthened local
Aymara dynasties as part of their imperial system and introduced new religious cults and myths, a
greater variety of foods, and new art styles. The Spaniards introduced new domesticated animals and
plants, plow agriculture, and iron tools. They suppressed native religious institutions but effected only a
superficial conversion to Christianity. Today the Aymara maintain their beliefs in a multispirit world,
have many categories of magicians, diviners, medicine men, and witches, but are Christian in their
beliefs about the afterworld. Independence and economic development brought changes in social
organization and a decline in traditional arts and crafts.

Aymara clothing copies in crude homespun earlier Spanish colonial models. Men wear conical,
ear-flapped, knit wool gorros; women wear round, native-made wool derbies, with wool wimples in cold
weather. Music is very important to the Aymara people. For centuries, they've used it for rituals, in
ceremonies and for festive occasions. Prior to European contact, early Aymara instruments included
several kinds of pipes and flutes, like the zampoña or panpipe. It's sometimes also called a siku.

Living conditions of the Aymara depend mainly on where they live and how much they have
adopted the Western way of life. Many Aymaras reside in cities and live in modern houses or
apartments. There are also large numbers of poor Aymaras in the cities who live in just one room. In
rural areas, the construction of an Aymara house depends upon its location and the availability of
materials. A typical Aymara house is a small oblong building made of adobe. Near the lake reeds are the
primary building material. Thatched roofs are made of reeds and grasses. The high altitude makes life in
the altiplano very difficult. The decreased oxygen in the air can leave a person with soroche (altitude
sickness), which causes headaches, fatigue, and nausea—and, sometimes, death. In order to adapt to
life in the mountains, the Aymara have developed physical traits that enable them to survive. Most
importantly, the Aymara and other mountain peoples have a greatly increased lung capacity.
Catholicism was introduced during the colonial period and was adopted by the Aymara, who attend
Mass, celebrate baptisms, and follow the Catholic calendar of Christian events. But the content of their
many religious festivals shows evidence of their traditional beliefs. For example, the Aymara make
offerings to Mother Earth, in order to assure a good harvest or cure illnesses. The Aymara believe in the
power of spirits that live in mountains, in the sky, or in natural forces such as lightning. The strongest
and most sacred of their deities is Pachamama, the Earth Goddess. She has the power to make the soil
fertile and ensure a good crop.

In cities, the Aymara diet is varied, but it has one distinctive ingredient: aji, a hot pepper is used
to season the dishes. In the countryside, potatoes and grains, such as quinoa, form the staple diet.
Quinoa, which has become popular in U.S. health food stores, is a nutritious, high-protein grain. It has
been grown in the Andes for centuries. The extremes of temperature in the high Andes make it possible
to freeze-dry and preserve potatoes naturally. The cold air at night freezes the moisture from the
potato, while the sun during the day melts and evaporates it. After a week of lying outdoors, the
potatoes are pounded. The result is chuño— small, rock-hard pieces of potato that can be stored for
years. Meats are also freeze-dried. A traditional dish is olluco con charqui—olluco is a small, potato-like
tuber, which is cooked with charqui, dried llama meat. But since llamas are important for their wool and
as packing animals, they are rarely eaten. Fish from Lake Titicaca or neighboring rivers is also an
important part of the diet.