Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Theories in Globalization
Theories in Globalization
Globalization
Theory
Overview
5. Robinson, 2007:
- Development internal to social theory, a reaction to modernization
theory that is:
a. western bias
b. pre-eminence accord to west
c. The rest of the world increasingly becoming like west.
2.
Globalization Theory
13. Globalization “Squeeze sideways” – produce new area that may cut across
nation . (Barcelona in northern Spain, extends into France)
12. Beck : (Involves mono-causal & linear thinking), wrong to assume global
developments reduce to single economic dimension.
16. Problems in the capitalist world market – all sorts of trade barriers. Winners
and losers in the market
4.
Globalization Theory
5.
Globalization Theory
5. Globalization = “space war” where the winner has more mobility and create
meaning for themselves.
7.
Globalization Theory
8.
Globalization Theory
C. Cultural Differentiation
9.
Globalization Theory
C. Cultural Differentiation
Set 2
1. Increasing multiculturism of both US (↑ Hispanic) and Western Europe (↑
muslim). - Samuel Huntington’s clash of civilization and remake of World
Order (1996). Huntington : civilization = culture.
2. resurfacing ancient identities, adversaries and enemies since the past 20
years.
3. emergence of fault lines among many civilizations – historic enmities among
these civilization.
4. Huntington differentiated a number of world civilization to:
a. Sinic (Chinese) b. Orthodox (centered in Russia)
c. Hindu d. islam
e. Western Europe f. North America
(Aussie, NZ close align to US)
g. Africa
- all the above differs greatly on philosophical assumptions, value, social
relations, customs and outlook of life.
10.
Globalization Theory
C. Cultural Differentiation
5. are a totality.
11.
Globalization Theory
C. Cultural Differentiation
7. 1,500 BC – AD 1,500 :
- civilization separated by time and space.
- contact likely to be non –existent.
- if have, likely to be limited and intense.
2. 1,500 – WWII
- sustained, overpowering and unidirectional impact of western civilization on
all other civilization.
└ due to rise of cities, state bureaucracy and emergence of national
consciousness.
└ Immediate cause: - technology , military , ocean navigation, weaponry
- West excel in organized violence.
- Huntington’s view: 1910 – one world, one civilization – western civilization.
12.
Globalization Theory
3. Multi-civilizational system
- end of the expansion of the west. Revolt against it.
- Huntington foresee:
“ A slow decline in the west dominance”
( A decrease in population, military and economic growth)
- due to revival of 2 important civilization
i. Resurgence of Asian society.
ii. Resurgence of Islam
13.
Globalization Theory
C. Cultural Differentiation
Relationship among Civilizations.
Cont:
14.
Globalization Theory
C. Cultural Differentiation
Relationship among Civilizations.
Cont:
15.
Globalization Theory
C. Cultural Differentiation
Relationship among Civilizations.
Cont:
ii. Resurgence of Islam (controversial argument)
16.
Globalization Theory
C. Cultural Differentiation
Relationship among Civilizations.
Huntington’s criticism:
17.
Globalization Theory
C. Cultural Differentiation
Relationship among Civilizations.
Huntington’s concern:
18.
Globalization Theory
B. Cultural Convergence
11. Those who operate on this perspective (Bali & Lechner, 2005) focus on:
a. Cultural imperialism
b. westernization
c. Americanization
d. “McDonaldlization”
e. World culture
B. Cultural Convergence
“ McDonald-lization “
- a process which the principles of “fast-food-restaurant” are coming to
dominate more and more sectors in US and the world.
1. Efficiency
- best possible means to achieve what ever end is desired.
- ensure customer and employee act in efficient manner.
- consume more efficiently ( ie: drive through)
20.
Globalization Theory
B. Cultural Convergence
“ McDonald-lization “
2. Calculability
- quantity (speed) opposed to quality (↓ quality of cooking)
- various aspect of work are timed.
3. Predictability
- emphasis on predictability
- employees (scripted speech) and customers (know what they want)
expected to respond with predictable behaviour.
21.
Globalization Theory
B. Cultural Convergence
“ McDonald-lization “
5. Irrationality of rationality
- both customer and employees suffer
- example: efficiency of speed, replaced by inefficiency of long lines of
queue.
22.
Globalization Theory
B. Cultural Convergence
“ McDonald-lization “, expansion & globalization
22.
Globalization Theory
B. Cultural Convergence
Globalization of nothing – Ritzer (2004)
10. Less likely to come into conflict with the local (civilizations)
└ Easy to replicate , cost advantage and inexpensive to reproduce
22.
Globalization Theory
B. Cultural Convergence
Globalization of nothing – Ritzer (2004)
2. “Non things” – works exactly the same way worldwide (credit card)
25.
Globalization Theory
B. Cultural Hybridization
B. Cultural Hybridization
5. Glocalization elements:
a. This theory is exceptionally alert to differences within and between
areas of the world.
b. Individuals and local groups have great power to adapt, innovate and
maneuver within a glocalized world. Local individuals & groups as
important and creative agents.
27.
Globalization Theory
B. Cultural Hybridization
d. Commodities and the media are seen not as coercive but rather as
providing material to be used in individual and group creation
throughout the glocalized areas of the world.
28.
Globalization Theory
B. Cultural Hybridization
“Appadurai’s landscape”
11. Ethnoscapes:
- involve mobile groups and individuals who play an important role .
- involves actual movement and the fantasies about moving.
2. Technoscapes:
- information technology move fluidly around and across the globe.
29.
Globalization Theory
B. Cultural Hybridization
“Appadurai’s landscape”
3. Financescapes:
- process of movement of money, currency, stock exchange moving at
great speed.
4. Mediascapes:
- electronic capabilities to produce and transmit information around the
globe and the images of the world that these media create and
disseminate. Involved here are bloggers, fil makers and distributors,
newspapers and magazines.
5. Ideoscapes:
- like mediascapes are set of images – restricted to political images
produced by states inline with their ideology or counter ideologies.
30
Globalization Theory
B. Cultural Hybridization
“Appadurai’s landscape”
7. Important notings:
IX. Global processes that are partly/independent of any given nation state.
X. Global flows occur not only through landscapes but also through
disjunctures.
XI. Territories going to be affected by the 5 landscapes and their
disjunctures.
└ due to differences between culture
31.
Globalization Theory
B. Cultural Hybridization
“Appadurai’s landscape”
32.
Globalization Theory
Economic Theory
33.
Globalization Theory
Economic Theory
34.
Globalization Theory
Economic Theory
35.
Globalization Theory
Economic Theory
36.
Globalization Theory
Economic Theory
Socialist globalization
- Transnational corporation abuses, exploitation leads to signs of
protectionism of some countries.
36.
Globalization Theory
Economic Theory
EMPIRE
(Post modern Marxian perspective of globalization)
Michael Hardt, Antonio Negri (2000), Multitude (2004)
12. Governs the world with single logic of rule, no single power. Power is
dispersed throughout the society and globe.
Economic Theory
EMPIRE
Economic Theory
Multitude
(Opposing of empire force)
40.
Globalization Theory
Economic Theory
5. Pros of globalization:
a. prevent us from falling back into particularism and isolation.
41.
Globalization Theory
Political Theory
Liberal theory:
- Importance of free market, operate free from nation state/ political
entities.
└ in long run bring advantage to everyone
Realist View :
(Sholte, 2005; Spegle, 1996)
- Globalization outcome of power relations among nation states
- Pursue own interest at global stage, use power to advantage.
(US, sole super-power – major user and abuser of power)
International Relations
Justin Rosernberg (2005)
- Transnational focus is misguided
- Nation-state interrelationship , focal concern with capitalism from
Marxian perspective.
42.
Globalization Theory
Political Theory
International Relations
James Rosenau (2003)
- Distant proximities (what seems remote is close at hand)
└ linked to concept “fragmentation” – world is both fragmenting and
integrating at the same time.
- Various sources of fragmentation in the world today:
8. Development of new micro-electronic technologies
- integrate those who have them, those who don’t get separated.
- cell phone, internet & email shrink the world.
- rendered territorial boundaries less important.
Political Theory
4. Bifurcation of structure
- variety of organizations and states.
- state centrism vs multi-centrism
(fragmentation between them is increasing)
43.
Globalization Theory
Political Theory
43.
Globalization Theory
Political Theory
43.
Globalization Theory
Political Theory
Conclusion:
Political challenge to the state is to find new ways of governing,
perhaps at reduced level, in a globalizing and increasingly fragmentizing
world.
43.