Intensive SCIENCE INTENSIVE PROGRAMME FOR FROM 3

SCIENCE
SCIENCE CHAPTER 7 : ELECTRICITY
FOR
FOR FORM
FOR FORM 333
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1 Matter is made up of tiny and discrete (separate) 6 Everyday phenomena related to electroststics are :
particles called atoms. Lighting
Petroleum tankers
Spark plugs

7 The flows of the electrical charges that are static

in one specific direction produces electrical currents.
Showing the flow of electrical charges produces electrical current
2 Normally, the numbers of proton and electrons in
a neutral material is equal. But when two materials
which are electrical insulators are rubbed together,
electrons will be transferred from one material to
another.
Before rubbing After rubbing

8 Electric current, Voltage and Resistance :

Defina- Electric current Voltage Resistance
tion The rate of flow The electrical The characteristic
of electrical force needed to of resisting the
3 Friction between two insulator materials produced charges through a move electrical flow of electrical
static electrical charges. a point in a charges from one charges in a
conductor. point to another conductor.
4 The pulling or pushing force between two charged point in a
materials is called electroststic force. conductor.
S.I.
Ampere (A) Volt (V) Ohm ( Ω )
Units
Measu-
Ammeter Volmeter
ring tools

9 Relationship between current, voltage and resistance :

Ohm's Law
Voltage (V)
= Resistance (R)
Like charges repel. Current (I)
Unlike charges attracr.
1. The ratio of voltage/current is a constant, which
5 An electroscope is a device which detects electrical is equal to the resistance of the resistor.
charges and identifying types of charges. 2. The current is directly proportional to the volateg.
Voltage (volts)

Current (ampere)

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9 A electric circuit is a complete pathway whereby an
electrical current is able to flow.

Symbols of the components of a electric circuit

Types Series circuits Parallel circuits

1. One switch can 1. If one bulb fails,
Advantges
control all electric others bulbs still
-al appliances in light up.
the circuits.
2. The current 2. Cells supply
increase if the energy for a
numbers of dry longer time.
cells increase.
1. If one bulb fails, 1. Each electrical
Disadvantages
others bulbs will appliaances is
light off. controlled by its
own switch.
2. Dry cells will 2. The current does
discharge quickly. not increase if the
10 There are two types of electric circuits : numbers of dry
cells increase.

11 Magnectism :
Lodstone is a natural magnet.
It attracts iron, nickel and cobalt which known as
magnetic substances.
Today magnet are made of alloys containing these
magnetic substances.

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12 Magnetic filed is the space around a magnet where [2] Determine the direction of magnetic field
magnetic force act.

Magnetic field lines and their direction Right-Han Grip Rule

13 The magnetic field lines are :

Closer at the poles.
Start from the north pole and end at the south pole
Do not cross each other.
Magnetic field lines from the same pole repel each other
; different pole attract each other.

14 When a conductor is connected to an electric current,

it can produce a magnetic field.
[1] Magnetic field produced by a straight wire
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