KENYATTA UNIVERSITY

REPORT ON WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY

PREPARED BY: LEWISON MAWIRA KIMATHI

REG NO: J22/5235/2017

DATE: 20/07/2018

INTRODUCTION :
For any engineering or a technical student, workshop technology as a unit is inevitable. It helps the
student to develop practical skills which are of great importance in their professional life. In this project,
we were introduced to bench work using various tools. In this project, we were supposed to make a
bottle top opener.

OBJECTIVES:

The key aim of this project is to familiarize ourselves with basic operations on bench work using hand
tools, measuring tools, layout tools and some machine tools. This include marking, layout, cutting, filing,
drilling. These tools and operations were involved in this project.

TOOLS USED

1.Hand tools

1a. Hammer:

It is used to deliver an impact to an object, to form shapes, to deliver blows. It is one of most important
tool, shaped to suit the particular work to be carried out.There are different types of hammers with
different shapes to suit their purposes.In this project we used only hard headed hammer made of
carbon steel for striking punches, bending and straightening.

1b. Files:

The file is hard steel cutting tool with large number of teeth cut diagonally on the face. They are
abrading tools used to remove materials either in metals, wood or other surfaces. They are of different
types. In this project we used hand file, round file and half round file.

1c. Hacksaw:

It is a hand tool designed and used for cutting metals. It consists of metal frame with metal clips at its
ends for holding cutting blades. In this project we used it to cut the metal roughly in desired shape.

1d. Bench vice:

It was used for general holding purposes . It is made of cast iron.

2. Measuring tools :

2a. Steel rule:

The steel ruler is used to take the measurements of the work piece and to draw the straight lines. It is
made of carbon steel alloyed to resist corrosion.

2b. Try square:

It is a measuring tool used to check the straightness and perpendicularly of edges with reference to the
datum edge. It consists of a blade fitted into a slot in the stock, the two parts being riveted together at
90°.

2c. Vernier height gauge:

It was used for measuring heights on the work piece for marking out.

3. Marking Tools:

3a. Scriber:

It was used as a pen, to write on the surface of the work piece. It is a sharp and pointed tool. Its bend
end on the other side is used to scratch lines in places where straight end cannot reach and is knurled to
enhance grip. It is made of high carbon steel with tips hardened and tampered.

3b. Center punch:

It is the sharply pointed tool made of steel rod. It has its sharp edge hardened and tampered The surface
that receives blows is made soft. It is used to make deep mark for locating centers and layout lines.

3c. Divider:

It consists of a pair of steel legs adjusted by a screw and hold together by a circular spring at one end. It
is used for measuring distance between points, scribing circles and arcs on work piece.

MACHINE TOOLS USED:

1. Drilling machine:

It was used to make accurate holes of required diameter in the work piece using suitable drill bits.

MATERIAL SUPPLIED:

A piece of flat mild steel bar. The dimensions of the given metal are: M.S. (6x27.60x110)

PROCEDURE

1.The drawing and the views of the project, that is, bottle opener were provided as on the picture below

1.Drawing and its measurements were understood.

2. From the metal supplied, the drawing was traced on the surface using the appropriate tools.

3. The work piece was clamped in bench vice and was filed on all sides to remove rust. Then, one of the
surface was made smooth and plane with the help of file.

4. After this, the other edge with surface was filed until it was plane and perpendicular to the previous
smooth plane by checking frequently with the help of try square.
5. Taking the filled plane surfaces as base, the edge with surface was also made plane and perpendicular
to each other.

6. Getting the plane perpendicular reference sides of length 110 mm. and 27.60 mm. as base, the
marking were scribed on the other sides with required dimensions according to the given drawing with
the help of steel ruler, scriber and divider.

7. The centers and layout lines were made visible by hammering through the center punch.

8. All unwanted edges were removed by using the hacksaw and filled to make them smooth.

9. Holes were drilled according to the diameters provided on the drawing at the markings of the punch
by the use of a drilling machine using specified drill bits.

10. Some unnecessary portions were left out during drilling They we removed by hacksaw and round
and half-round files were used to smoothen the curves.

11. The bottle opener was lubricated to prevent from rusting and submitted at the workshop lab.

12. Registration numbers were then printed by punching alphabets and numbers on the work piece
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS:

While working on the workshop great care and precautions must be taken in order to avoid the
accidents as well as to protect the job and tools from being spoiled. So, during the work, following safety
precautions were obeyed to get rid of possible accidents.

1. Dress safety

I. Every student was required to an overall or a dust coat on.

II. The shoes wored were supposed to be fully closed and made of leather.

III. Sharp edged tools like scribers were never carried on the clothing pockets.

2. Safety on Hand Tools

I. Tools were handled properly and placed at their proper positions.

II. Files without the handle were not supposed to be used.

III. Abrasions were removed from the file before using it.

IV.The tightness of the hammerhead and handle was ensured before use to avoid it from snapping and
hitting room occupants.

V. The work piece was gripped in the vice so that the saw cut would be near the jaws.

VII.The pressure was applied to the saw only on the forward stroke in order to prevent the blade from
being broken.

3. Safety on Drilling

I. The work piece was securely held and bolted down.

II. Before drilling, the drill table was made free from other tools.

III.Drill bit was set tightly and properly in the machine.

IV.Head was kept back from revolving parts to prevent the hair from being caught.

V. The chips were never removed while the machine was on.

VI.Glasses were worn, wristwatch was removed and sleeves were folded.

VII.The chuck key was never left on the drill chuck at any time.

VIII. The chuff was removed from the work piece using a brush during drilling

4. Work piece safety

I. Work piece was clamped tightly and carefully without damaging it.

II. Marking, cutting and filing of the work piece was done carefully in order to prevent from disorder and
wrong dimensioning.
III.The edges were made uniform and smooth.

IV.The work piece was never dropped on the hard surfaces to prevent its edges from being crumbled.

V. The work piece was lubricated with oil to prevent from rusting.

COMMENTS AND CONCLUSIONS:

The objective of this project was perfectly met. We were able to familiarize ourselves with basic
workshop operations and tools. Though it was time consuming, the project was still a success. Much
time was taken because some tools were shared amongst students and had to wait for each other. We
gained various skills, like measuring with precision and marking out.