irina nacvliSvili

biblia – xelnawerTa teqstis gamarTvisa

da Sesworebis mniSvnelovani wyaro
`aswlovani matianis~ erTi epizodis gagebisaTvis 1

biblia medievaluri kulturis ara mxolod ideologiuri, aramed

mxatvruli azrovnebis universaluri wyaroa. Sesabamisad, am perio-
dis mwerlobis eTikur-esTetikuri samyaro bibliur saxeobriv siste-
mas efuZneba, romlis kvalobazec Sinaarsdeba esa Tu is teqsti. amgvar
SemoqmedebiT-saazrovno models emorCileba Sua saukuneebis qarTuli
JamTaaRmwerlobac, romelic Cveni erovnuli mwerlobis erTiani pro-
cesis ganuyofeli nawilia. amasTanave, is im specifikur istorizms av-
lens, romelic Suasaukuneebis qristianulma msoflxedvam SeimuSava.
istoriis Teologiuri filosofiis mixedviT, romelic saTaves netari
avgustinedan iRebs, kacobriobis cxovrebaSi RvTis Carevis TiToeuli
aqti qmnis istoriis konkretul etaps da, amdenad, realuri faqtebi
religiur faseulobas iZenen. Suasaukuneebis azrovneba yofiTi mov-
lenis konkretul-mizezobriv axsnas ki ar eZebda, aramed eswrafoda
misi simboluri kavSiris danaxvas msoflio istoriuli dramis arqeti-
pebTan, rameTu, imJamindeli gaazrebiT, erovnuli istoria simetriulad
Seesatyviseboda bibliurs iseve, rogorc axali aRTqma – Zvels. miwier
istorias ar hqonda TavisTavadi Rirebuleba. is sakraluri istoriis
anareklad miiCneoda da sazriss mxolod masSi CarTviT iZenda.
erovnuli istoriis msoflio istoriis nawilad aRqma sisxlxor-
ceulia Sua saukuneTa qarTuli istoriografiisTvisac, romelic qvey-
nis cxovrebas saRvTismetyvelo tipologiis kvalobaze warmoaCens. Aam

moxseneba wakiTxulia I saerTaSoriso simpoziumze `qarTuli xelnaweri~

1

(xelnawerTa erovnuli centri, 2009 wlis 19-25 oqtomberi).

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irina nacvliSvili

TvalsazrisiT Zalze saintereso masalas iZleva XIV saukunis ucnobi

JamTaaRmwerlis `aswlovani matiane~. qarTveli eris cxovrebis yoveli
mniSvnelovani movlena aq zedroul ganzomilebas iZens da bibliuri
kategoriebis saSualebiT aixsneba. konkretuli samyaro simbolurad
gaorebulia bibliuri arqetipebis Ziebis xarjze. saqarTvelos istoria
mowodebulia, rogorc zedrouli istoriis droSi gamovlena da masTan
alegoriuli Sesatyvisoba. personaJTa saxeebi ganzogadebulia bibliuri
idealis kvalobaze da esTetikurad Rirebulni arian imis mixedviT, Tu
ramdenad gamoxataven isini adamianuri arsebobis qristianul sazriss.
Aase rom, biblia ucnobi JamTaaRmwerlis istoriografiuli Tu eTikur-
esTetikuri azrovnebis safuZvelia.Y es ki ganapirobebs Txzulebis te-
qstSi ara mxolod bibliuri citatebis CarTvas, aramed saRvTo werili-
dan uxvad moxmobil Sedareba-paralelebsac, romelTa safuZvelzedac
istorikosi cdilobs ama Tu im movlenis siRrmiseuli aspeqtebis war-
moCenasa da monaTxrobSi sakraluri Sinaarsis Setanas.
`aswlovani matianis~ erT-erTi amgvari pasaJia mefe demetre II Tav-
dadebulis (1259-1289) mxileba mTawmindidan RvTismSoblis CvenebiT mo-
suli basili monazvnis mier. es epizodi sakmaod datvirTulia bibliuri
saxeebiT, romlebic avtoriseuli saTqmelisa da saazrovno konteqstis
amocnobaSi gvexmareba. Ddasasruls ki Tavisi moraluri poziciis gasam-
yareblad basili monazoni ase mimarTavs qarTvel xelisufalT: `ukeTu
me CemebiT rasme vity¢, viTarca cru winaswarmetyveli, SemacTunebeli
kacisa RmrTisa, romeli miivlina roboamissa, Zisa nabotianissa, da ara
yovlad-wmindisa RvTismSobelisa mier warmovlinebul var, viTar crud
sjulisa gardamavali SemracxeT~ (JamTaaRmwereli 1959: 283).
JamTaaRmwerlis Txzulebis es epizodi amgvarive saxiT (aris mxolod
mcire, araarsebiTi xasiaTis sxvaobani) ikiTxeba `aswlovani matianis~
sxva gamocemebSic (qarTlis cxovreba 1849: 419; qarTlis cxovreba 1897:
611; qarTlis cxovreba 1906: 731; JamTaaRmwereli 1987: 173-174).
Ddamowmebul amonaridSi yuradRebas iqcevs bibliuri Sedareba,
romelic CarTulia uSualod basili monazvnis sityvaSi da am konkretul
SemTxvevaSi ara msgavsebas, aramed gansxvavebas warmoaCens. pirvelwyaros
Ziebam gamoavlina JamTaaRmwerlis Txzulebis erTi mcdari ikiTxvisi.
kerZod, `aswlovani matianis~ Tavdapirvel teqstSi roboamis nacvlad
unda yofiliyo ieroboami (an ierobuami, ioroboami, iorobuami – zo-
gierT bibliur wignSi es saxeli aseTi dawerilobiTac gvxvdeba). cno-
bilia, rom `JamTaaRmwerlis Txzulebis teqstma gadamwerTa mier daSve-
buli Secdomebis wyalobiT damaxinjebuli saxiT da naklulad moaRwia

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 biblia – xelnawerTa teqstis gamarTvisa da Sesworebis ...

Cvenamde~ (JamTaaRmwereli 1987: 30). bibliuri personaJis saxelis amgvari

saxecvlilebac (sawyisi ori asos Cavardna), albaT, unda aixsnas Zeglis
gadamwerTa daukvirveblobiT an dazianebuli dedniT sargeblobis Sede-
gia, radgan, Cveni azriT, sruliad gamoricxulia avtoriseuli Secdoma.
JamTaaRmwerels, romelic saRvTo werilis SesaniSnav codnas avlens, ar
SeeZlo, miTiTebul konteqstSi roboami moexsenebina. Ees saxeli (sxva
wakiTxviT – robuami) ocdaaTze metjer gaiJRerebs sxvadasxva bibliur
wignSi (III mef., I neSt., II nest., maT., zir.) da yvelgan solomonis vaJs
ukavSirdeba, romelmac memkvidreobad mamis gardacvalebis Semdeg am
ukanasknelis Secodebis gamo RvTisgan ganyofili israelis ori nawili
miiRo (iudea). Tanac, JamTaaRmwerlis mier miniSnebuli bibliuri ambavi
roboamis Tavgadasavlis arc erT epizods ar mogvagonebs. istorikosis
mier bibliidan moxmobili Sedarebis wyarod unda miviCnioT mefeTa III
wignSi moTxrobili ieroboam israelis mefis cxovrebis erTi epizodi.
es ieroboami (paraleluri wakiTxviT – ierobuam, ioroboam, iorobuam)
swored nabatis Zea – JamTaaRmwerlis mixedviT, nabotiani (-ian sufiq-
si, rogorc warmomavlobis saxelTa mawarmoebeli, qarTulSi sakmaod
gavrcelebulia, rac dasturdeba `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ Semaval ZeglTa
magaliTzec), Tumca ufro marTebuli iqneboda, matianis teqstSi `nabot-
ianis~ nacvlad yofiliyo `nabatiani~, Tanac `Ze~ sityvis gareSe, romlis
mniSvneloba TavisTavad igulisxmeba saxelis -ian sufiqsian formaSi.
Bbibliis mixedviT, solomonis gardacvalebis Semdeg orad gayofili
israelis erTi nawilis mefe, RvTis amorCeviT, ieroboami xdeba. parale-
lurad, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, meore nawilSi mefobs solomonis Ze
roboami. ieroboamTan uflis CvenebiT midis `kaci RmrTisa~, romelic
mefisa da xalxis winaSe ramdenime saswauls aRasrulebs. ieroboami mas
saxlSi miipatiJebs da saboZvarsac dahpirdeba, magram `hrqua kacman man
RmrTisaman mefesa: daRaTu momce zogi saxlisa Senisa, ara Sevide Sen
Tana da ara vWamo puri da ara vsua wyali adgilsa amas, rameTu esre
mamcno me ufalman sity¢Ta da mrqva: ara sWamo puri da arca sua wyali
da arca miiqce masve gzasa, romelsaca mixved. Dda warvida sx¢T gziT da
ara miiqca masve gzasa, romelsaca mivida beTelad~ (III mef. 13, 8-10). Ees am-
bavi Svilebma uambes erT moxuc beTelel winaswarmetyvels. igi gaedevna
`RvTis kacs~, ipova muxis qveS mjdomi da TavisTan miipatiJa. Uuari rom
miiRo, maSin beTelelma moxucma uTxra mas: `meca winaswarmetyuelive
var, viTarca – ege Sen da angelozi uflisa metyoda me sity¢Ta ufli-
saTa da mrqua: moaqcie ege Sen Tana saxid Senda, Wamos puri da suas
wyali. Dda utyua mas~ (III mef. 13, 18). RvTis kacma daujera da gahyva,

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irina nacvliSvili

magram imisaTvis, rom `ganamwara sityua¡ igi uflisa~ da `ar daimarxa

mcneba igi~, romelic amcno mas RmerTma, sastikad daisaja – gzad mi-
mavals Sexvda lomi, romelmac mokla is. roca beTelelma winaswarme-
tyvelma es ambavi Seityo, mixvda Tavis danaSauls, wavida, ipova RvTis
kacis cxedari, wamoiRo Tavis qalaqSi, wesisamebr iglova da dakrZala;
Svilebs ki daubara, rom gardacvalebis Semdeg isic Tavisi sulieri Zmis
gverdiT daemarxaT.
vfiqrobT, sruliad aSkaraa, rom basili monazvnis sityvebi swored
am bibliur epizods exmianeba da Sedarebas, romelic amjerad uary-
ofiTi Sinaarsisaa, savsebiT logikuri safuZveli aqvs. codviani gzis
ardatevebis SemTxvevaSi basili monazoni mefe demetres RvTiur sas-
jels uwinaswarmetyvelebs. Suasaukuneobrivi msoflxedvidan gamomdi-
nare, bunebrivia JamTaaRmwerlis mcdeloba, rom aseT SemTxvevaSi bib-
liur avtoritets mimarTos. moxmobili SedarebiT basili monazoni ki ar
emsgavseba, aramed emijneba bibliur personaJs sakuTari simarTlis mis
sicruesTan Sepirispirebis kvalobaze. JamTaaRmwereli swored am faqts
wamoswevs win. marTalia, basili monazvnis winaswarmetyveleba sityvasity-
viT axda saqarTvelos sinamdvileSi, rogorc Semdgom TxrobaSi sacnaur-
deba, magram bibliuri personaJis gaxsenebiT es ar aris aqcentirebuli.
wminda werili Cven ar gvawvdis aranair cnobas imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad
acxaddeba xolme beTelad mcxovrebi moxucis nawinaswarmetyvelebi, ma-
gram TavisTavad is faqti, rom igi winaswarmetyvelad iwodeba, ra Tqma
unda, aseT viTarebas ki ar gamoricxavs, aramed, piriqiT, adasturebs.
`aswlovan matianeSi~ am bibliuri personaJis cru winaswarmetyvelad
moxsenieba ganpirobebulia mis mier ieroboamisadmi mivlenili RvTis ka-
cis motyuebiT (`utyua mas~ – III mef. 13, 18). Aam sicruis Sedegad iudeve-
li arRvevs uflis mcnebas (amitomac uwodebs JamTaaRmwereli beTelel
winaswarmetyvels `Semacdunebels kacisa RmrTisa~) da mihyveba moxucs
saxlSi. arada, tyuili iyo, TiTqos mipatiJebis mizezad RvTis angelozis
Cveneba iqca. swored amis gaTvaliswinebiT xdeba SesaZlebeli Sedarebis
(ufro sworad, dapirispirebis) ideuri Sinaarsis amocnoba. JamTaaRmwer-
eli, romelic cdilobs, meti damajerebloba Sematos basili monazvnis
mxilebasa da swavlas, daJinebiT amtkicebs misi RvTismSoblisagan mov-
linebis faqts (Sesabamis konteqstSi igi oTxgzis aRniSnavs amas). swored
amisTvis dasWirda mas bibliidan beTeleli winaswarmetyvelis saxis mox-
mobac, raTa damatebiTi `mtkicebulebiT~ gaemyarebina basili monazvnis
WeSmaritad RvTiuri misia.

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 biblia – xelnawerTa teqstis gamarTvisa da Sesworebis ...

vfiqrobT, aRniSnuli pasaJi da misi bibliuri wyaros Zieba cxadyofs,

rom qarTuli mwerlobis Zeglebis bibliur-saxismetyvelebiTi Tvalsaz-
risiT Seswavla mxolod literaturaTmcodneobiTi da kulturologiuri
rigis amocana rodia. xSir SemTxvevaSi is didad waadgeba dazianebul an
gviandeli nusxebiT moRweul xelnawerTa teqstis saTanado gamarTvasa
da uzustobaTa Sesworebas, rac metad saWiro da mniSvnelovani saqmea.

Lgamoyenebuli literatura

1. dabadeba 1884: dabadeba (biblia), daibeWda saqarTvelo-imereTis uwmide-

sis sinodis kantoris gankargulebiT, tf., 1884.
2. mcxeTuri xelnaweri 1981: mcxeTuri xelnaweri, teqsti gamosacemad
moamzada da gamokvleva daurTo el. doCanaSvilma, Tb., 1981.
3. mcxeTuri xelnaweri 1982: mcxeTuri xelnaweri, teqsti gamosacemad
moamzada da gamokvleva daurTo el. doCanaSvilma, Tb., 1982.
4. mcxeTuri xelnaweri 1983: mcxeTuri xelnaweri, teqsti gamosacemad
moamzada da gamokvleva daurTo el. doCanaSvilma, Tb., 1983.
5. mcxeTuri xelnaweri 1985: mcxeTuri xelnaweri, teqsti gamosacemad
moamzada da gamokvleva daurTo el. doCanaSvilma, Tb., 1985.
6. mcxeTuri xelnaweri 1986: mcxeTuri xelnaweri, teqsti gamosacemad
moamzada da gamokvleva daurTo el. doCanaSvilma, Tb., 1986.
7. JamTaaRmwereli 1959: JamTaaRmwereli, aswlovani matiane, qarTlis
cxovreba, II, teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT s.
yauxCiSvilis mier, Tb., 1959.
8. JamTaaRmwereli 1987: JamTaaRmwereli, aswlovani matiane, teqsti ga-
mosacemadMmoamzada, gamokvleva, SeniSvnebi da leqsikoni daurTo r.
kiknaZem, Tb., 1987.
9. qarTuli oTxTavi 1979: qarTuli oTxTavis ori bolo redaqcia, teqsti
gamosca da gamokvleva daurTo i. imnaiSvilma, Tb., 1979.
10. qarTlis cxovreba 1849: qarTlis cxovreba dasabamiTgan meaTcxramete
saukunemdis, naw. I, Targmnili da gamocemuli RvawliTa u. brose, spb.,
1849.
11. qarTlis cxovreba 1879: qarTlis cxovreba dasabamiTgan meaTcxramete
saukunemdis, t. I, wig., II, meore gamocema z. WiWinaZisa, tf., 1897.
12. qarTlis cxovreba 1906: qarTlis cxovreba, mariam dedoflis varianti,
gamocemuli e. TayaiSvilis redaqtorobiT, tf., 1906.

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irina nacvliSvili

Irina Natsvlishvili

Bible as an Important Source of the Arrangement

of Manuscript Texts and Correction
TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF ONE EPISODE OF THE “CENTENNIAL CHRONICLE”

s u mmary

The ethical-aesthetic world of the “Centennial Chronicle” is based on the biblical

tropologicalsystem. At the same time, it manifestsspecific historicismremarkable for a
Christian worldview and shows the country’s life in terms of religious typology.
From this viewpoint in one episode of the Chronicle special attention in the word
of the Monk Basil came from the Holy Mountain deserves the comparison which as a
result of correlation with biblical primary sources clearly demonstrates the incorrect read-
ing of the manuscripts. Namely, in the original text of the “Centennial Chronicle”instead
of Roboam (the son of Solomon) there must have been Ieroboam (the king of Israel).
With this comparison the chronicle responses just to the biblical events connected with
it. The study of old Georgian written monuments from biblical and tropological view-
point will be extremelyusefulfor proper arrangement and correction of inaccuracies of
the damaged and came down by later records manuscript texts.

72