DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS

MTH 415/A: MATRIX THEORY & LINEAR ESTIMATION

(SESSION: 2018-19 SEMESTER: I)

Problem Set 2

1. Does the set 𝐴 = {(1, −3, −2), (1,2,2), (3,1,2), (0,5,4), (2, −1,1)} span ℝ3 ? If so,
find a subset 𝑆, which is a basis for ℝ3 .
2. The subspace 𝑉 of ℝ3 contains the vectors (0, 2, −1) and �√3, 0, 0�, but does not
contain (0, −1, − 1⁄2). Find a basis for 𝑉.
3. (a) Let 𝑉 be the linear span of the set {𝒙1 , 𝒙2 , ⋯ , 𝒙𝑚 }. If some 𝒙0 is a linear
combination of the remaining {𝒙1 , ⋯ , 𝒙𝑖−1 , 𝒙𝑖+1 , ⋯ , 𝒙𝑚 }, does this set also span V ?
(b) Let 𝑆 be a vector space of dimension 𝑛 and let {𝒙1 , 𝒙2 , ⋯ , 𝒙𝑚 } be a linearly
independent set of vectors in 𝑆. Show that there exists a basis for 𝑆 that contains
{𝒙1 , 𝒙2 , ⋯ , 𝒙𝑚 }.
4. Given that 𝒜 is a basis of ℝ4 and ℬ is a linearly independent set, extend ℬ to a basis
of ℝ4 using the basis vectors in 𝒜.
(a)𝒜 = {(1, 1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 1, 0), (0, 0, 0, 1), (0, 1, 0, 1)},
ℬ = {(1, 0, 2, 3), (0, 1, −2, −3)};
(b)𝒜 = {(1, 1, 1, 1), (1, 1, − 1, −1), (1, 0, 1, 0), (0, 1, 0, −1)},
ℬ = {(1, 1, 0, 0), (0, 0,1,1)};
5. Let 𝑉 and 𝑊 be the two subspaces of ℝ5 , where 𝑉 = {(𝑣, 𝑤, 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧): 2𝑣 + 3𝑤 − 𝑦 =
0, 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0, 𝑧 = 0 } and 𝑊 = 𝑆𝑝{(2,1,0,0,7), (0,0,1,1, −1)}. Find a basis each for:
(a) V, (b) 𝑊, (c) 𝑉 ∩ 𝑊, and (d) 𝑉 + 𝑊.
6. (a) Apply the Gram-Schmidt process to the vectors 𝒗𝟏 = (1,1,1)/ , 𝒗𝟐 = (1,1,0)/
and 𝒗𝟑 = (1,0,0)/ to obtain an orthonormal basis of ℝ3 .
(b) Extend (1, −1, 0, 0), (1,1, − 2, 0) to an orthonormal basis of ℝ4 .
7. Let 𝑉 be spanned by (2, 1, 0, −1, 1), (4, 4, 4, 0, 2), (2, 0, −2, −2, 1) and
(1, 3, −1, 5, 0).
(a) Obtain an orthonormal basis of 𝑉.
(b) Are (1, −5,1,3,6) and (−1,1, −3,5,6) in V ⊥ ?
(c) Find the projection of (16, −7,12,1, −10) into 𝑉 along V ⊥?