2 qâVs gAa 'Μ, B>ca^Vî.û/'-u O(2o ^ 4— , S% ,Λ) \eyVkQ'cAe^ d36X.

Place and other names in Greece of various Balkan origins

PART II1

Dedicated to Professor H . J. van de Wijer, the internationally leading scholar

and organizer in onomastics, in homage.

II. S L A V IC

Place names of Slavic origin in Greece were given either directly

by Slavic speakers or by (Slavic-and-Greek) bilinguals or by Greeks,
the latter case if the corresponding appellative terms had entered the
Greek language or local parlers of it before a given place was named
and, still more so, if the given place name occurs outside the sphere
of Slavic influence. Though, as a consequence of the lack of records
revealing details for us, it is a difficult task to assess the factual data
and circumstances of naming behind each such place name, yet there
are a few plues, linguistic and other, in. the names in question, in their
territorial occurrence, and in the known historical developments in
the area in which the place name occurs, which m ay be of some help
in our discussion of the names. Most of the names discussed below
derive from Greek appellatives which were borrowed from Slavic or
from anthroponyms of Slavic origin.
Some of the names discussed in the Slavic section are of Albanian
origin: Μπάλτα, possibly Ρομίρη\ others m ay have come into Greek
through the mediation of Albanian speakers, such as Μπράτι.
On a map of part of Greece that appeared in 1937 the distribution
of the „Slavonic Names in Greece“ is drawn; there are “ no territorial
names” but, apart from 22 mountain names and 14 river names, there
are 128 names in Middle Greece and 228 in the Peloponnesus; in the
highlands of Achaia a Slavonic place name is found every three or four
miles; Slavonic peoples spread into the mountains of Laconia2. This
distribution map has now, one generation later, to be done all over
again. For there are more than 392 place names recorded in the Pelo­
ponnesus and Middle Greece, the important basic work of Vasmer

1 See Part I : Zeitschrift für Balkanologie 2 (1964) 38-76.

2 J. H a li c z e r , The Distribution of Place Names, Geography 22 (1937) 201
and (the map) 202.

6 Balkanologie
78 D e m e t r iu s J . G e o r g a c a s

(1941) is available, and a host of studies have since appeared. A more

refined method of toponomastic research has been and must be applied,
making a distinction among the Slavic name material deriving directly
from the Slavic settlers, that derived through appellatives borrowed
by Greek speakers (cf. εζερόν ‘lake3 ’Εζερόν), and that coming through
the mediation of another Balkan language such as Albanian or Aromu-
nian.

ΒΑΒΩ

Βάβω (ή) [νάνο], name of a hill in Epirus (Katsanochoria and Jan-

nina), Βάβον [vâvu] ibidem (Aida) with the characteristic -u for -o in
the parlers of Northern Greece, and της Βάβως ή γούρνα on the island
of Paxi, is explained by Vasmer (21, 267) from Slav, babo ‘old woman3,
the voc. form of Slav. baba. This is correct except for the onomastic
process, on which I have to elaborate. Since the noun βάβω f. ‘old
woman3 is recorded for Western Greece (save the Peloponnesus) and
has been used by Greeks3, the corresponding place names may have
been given by Greeks. The noun μπάμπω f. means ‘bogey, hobgoblin3
in Kastoria4. There are, besides, more related words and names: Βαβά
f., name of a slope and of a ravine, near the village of Preyenda in
Thessaly5, and name of two tributary streams, Βαβά f. in the. area of
Preveza, which rather originated from the likewise recorded noun βάβα
f. ‘a very old woman3: Byzant. βαβά (Prodr.' 1. 91) and conlpd. πρωτο-
βαβά (ibid. 1, 1.36), etc.6 I do not share ,the opinion7 that the word
βάβω is, with Psellos and Korais, derived irom the postclassical name
Βανβώ - Βαβώ ‘night demon’8; they explain μπάμπω as Slavic arid the
name form βάβω is explained from Greek βαβώ with recession of
the accent owing to the influence of the synonymous μπάμπω. There
is, however, no form βαβώ (or μπαμπώ in Modern Greek) accented on
the ultima but only βάβω (and μπάμπω). The appellatives are, there­
fore, of Slavic origin. M y point, however, is that Greek speakers could

3 See I Λ 3,405f.
4 K . R o m e o s , Oi Καλικάντζαροι, B N J 18 (1960) 53.
5 H a d j i g a k i s , Άσπροπόταμο 21.
* See 171 4.401b, s.v. βαβά, which noun is recorded also as medieval. See
G. M e y e r , NS 2,15; Triandaphyllidis, Lehnwörter 150; V a s m e r 21, 267.
I t is possible, however, that the noun βαβά (and βάβα) is onomatopoetic
(Lalliuort) (so K o r a i s , “Ατακτα [Paris 1828-35] 5,29) and that the form βάβω
ended in -o analogically after μπάμπω.
7 Supported in the Ι Λ s.v.
8 Korais, “Ατακτα 4,49.
 Place and other names in Greece of various Balkan origins 79

well have named some or all of the places Βάβω and Βάβα from the
appellative nouns which the Greeks had earlier borrowed from the
Southern Slavs. Regarding the pronunciation of the Slavic word in
Greek as νάνο and babo, the rendering of v in Greek for Slavic b bespeaks
its early borrowing, while the Greek b from Slavic b speaks for a second
borrowing from a Balkan language8
9.

Β Α Λ ΤΟ Σ A N D COGNATES
Μ Π Α Α ΤΑ : Μ Π Α Λ Τ Σ Α ; E T C .

There are two sets of words in modern Greek designating ‘swamp’ ,

one from Slavic and a second from Albanian, which in the past were
considered as coming from one of the two sources.

ΒΑΛ ΤΟΣ A N D COGNATES

βάλτος (δ) [vältos] ‘swamp’ , a common modern Greek term (syn.

έλος and τέλμα from- the katharevusa) derived, by assuming masc.
gender by analogy, from the neuter form βάλτο (so in Crete, Athens,
tv, vdltu in the northern pariers), this also medieval in the written form
το- βάλτον10, -which in turn came ultimately from Old Slavic *boïto
‘swamp’ 11. The fern, form ή βάλτα (Crete, Peloponnesus, E . Macedonia,
and elsewhere) derives from the medieval form η βάλτα (9th ceiit.)12,
this perhaps from the plur. neut. τα βάλτα13. While ή μπάλτα is of^a
different origin (see below), the forms βάλτος and βάλτα with initial
v- do not, with Meyer and Vasmer14, derive from Albanian15.

8 T r i a n d a p h y l l i d i s , Lehnwörter 76, could not judge the relationship of

β:μπ in βαβά:μπάμπω („Für die Fälle . . . βαβά:μπάμπω ist es mir zur Stunde
nicht möglich, das Verhältnis μ π : β . . . zu beurteilen“ ). Romeos, B N J 18 (1960)
53 note 1, thinks that b in baba-babo is the result of the universal Lallsprache,
which in principle is not impossible but in this specific case doubtful.
10 I. B e k k e r , Anecdote Graeca (Berlin 1814) 1096 note.
11 S o p h o c le s , Lex. s.v. βάλτος ; Meyer, NS 2,64; idem, E W A S 25; idem,
BB 19, 155; W e i g a n d , Balkan-Archiv 4 (1928) 20 [but not Balkan Proto-
Slavic balto, as Weigand on p. 26 suggests]; Vasmer 310.
12 Leon Tact. 11,3 έκλέγου χωρία χρήσιμα, μή νλώδη, ήγουν ΰλας και πηλά καί
β ά λ τα ς εχοντα. The form βάλτη f. in Du Cange (Gloss. Graec. 1,171) is probably
a form misconstrued for βάλτα, owing to the archaistic declension : ή βάλτα, τής
βάλτης, whence a new nom. ή βάλτη was created.
13 Meyer, NS 2,64.
14 Meyer, ibid.; Vasmer 22, 39, 66, 146, 310; Triandaphyllidis, Lehnwörter
115 and 150 considers the word as from Slavic blato, this from Illyric *baltom
but gives βάλτος also under .Albanian elements1 (p. 151).
15 The attempt at explaining βάλτος from Lat. palüs, -üdis ‘stagnant wfu 'r,
80 D e m e t r iu s J . G e o r g a c a s

H ow common this term has been in mcjiern Greek is clearly shown

by derivatives and compounds with βάλτος1(5:
βαλτάνύρωπος βαλ.τ οκράτης βαλτοφάσονλα
βαλτερός (see Βαλτερό βαλ.τομέρι βαλτόχορτο
below)
βαλτήσιος βαλτομπεκάτσα βαλτώδης ‘marshy, swampy’
(anc. έλώδης) C. Porphy-
rog. De admin, imp. 123,
4
βαλτίζω βαλτόνερο (see Βαλτό­ βαλτώδικος
νερα below)
βαλτικό βαλτότοπος
βαλτοΰάλασσα βαλτοτόπι Βαλτοτόπι βαλτώνω
βαλ.τ οκουκκια βάλτωμα

P la c e n a m e s 1
17 from d βάλτος, τό βάλτο (plur. τα βάλτα), ή βάλτα,
6
derivatives from βάλτος and compounds :
(1) Βάλτος (d) Crete, Orestias, Naousa, Mazeika (eparchia of K alavryta)18 villa­
ges; Adrianupolis, Arcadia, quarter of Mesa Xylokastro, Patrasfand
five times in Messenia19 ; an entire eparchia in Acarnania is called Βάλ­
τος (with Βαλτινός os inhabitant name and βαλτινός adj., e.g ., Βαλτινά
βουνά)20; Μεγάλος Βάλτος and Μικρός Βάλτος, villages in Corinthia.
ού B [/.τους [vàltus] Epirus (twice),·· Thessaly (four times)21, Sterea Ellas
(thrice)

swamp’ through ~*πάλουάα '(it should bg said from palude) merits no discussion
(see Y . S k o u v a r a s , Τά δυσέτυμόλ.'όγητα ίου 'Ιστορικού Λεξικού της Νέας 'Ελλη­
νικής. Σειρά πρώτη [1957],-ρ. 4 5f,). The author g o tth is idea from Sophocles,
L ex., s.v. βάλτα, who added: “ Corpoare the Latin p a lu s p a l i i d i s ,” but he is
unaware of the fact that Latin paludem by metathesis of the consonants 1-d ->
d-1 changed into Imperial Lat. padüle(m), which latteb yielded Ital. padule,
Rouman. pädure, Alban, pyll, all meaning ‘forest’ . Cf.' J o k l, Studien (1911),
101; Untersuchungen (1923), p. 51 f.; Altmakedonisôh'-Griechisch-Albanisches,
IF 44 (1927) 37, 163, 173f. ; J. Ç ia d b e i, Albanais et roumain commun, R IE B 3
(1937-38) 452; idem. Su» l’ élément latin de l’albanais, Mélanges Linguistiques
(éd. de l’Acad. le la Républ. Popul. Roumaine, Bucarest 1957), p. 6 6; on Roiun.
pädure ‘forest’ see N . Lahovary, Contribution à l’histoire linguistique ancienne
de la région balkano-danubienne et à la constitution de la langue roumaine, Vox
Romanica 14 (1954-55) 339f. [but his hynothesis of a blend with stem pad- is
hardly convincing]!
16 Ι Λ 3, 434; cf. M E E 6 (1928) 601c.
17 Recorded in Λεξικόν των συνοικισμών {1961); Ι Λ 3, 434; Vasmer 310 and
passim; McDonald and Georgacas,‘ s .w . Βάλτος, Βαλτάμπελα, Παράβαλτος.
18 In the French version of the Chronicle ofJMorea § 527 : la Valte.
19 M c D o n a ld and G e o r g a c a s , s.v. [four times]; in K alam ata: N. Έλλη-
νομν. 7 (1910) 319.
20 D. L o u k o p o u lo s , Η Μ Ε 1934, p. 141 and 146. - Surname Βαλτινός in
Valtos, Ypati, Thebes, Euboea.
21 The lake called Κάρλα in Thessaly (anc. Βοιβηΐς) is also culled ου Βάλτους
[a viilius] by the neighboring people; Georgiou, Τοπωνυμ. έρευναι 12 and 22.
 Place and other names in Greece of various Balkan origins 81

Βάρτος [vartos] Crete (from βάρτος in Crete, Ionian Islands, etc.)

Βλάχος \ylätos\ Crete (from the form βλάτος)
Βάλτοι, plural, name of a village near Kilkis (renamed Καμπάνης) ;
(2) Βάλτα (τά) in Chalkidiki, Arcadia, and (twice) Messenia;
(3) Βάλτα (ή) in Triphylia22, Kalavryta, Chalkidiki (now named Κασσάνδρα), all
villages; Kephallenia; Κακή βάλτα Ambracia;
Βάλτες (oi) in Kalavryta and eparchia of Olympia;
(4) Βαλτερό (το) Serres; Βαλτινό (το) Thessaly (Trikala); Βαλτονδι (το) Kilkis23
(5) Compounds with ό βάλτος (το βάλτο, ή βάλτα):
’ Ασπρο βάλτος (ό) Thessaly (Trikala)
Άσπρόβα/.τα (ή) and ή Άσπροβάλτα in Lex. [in Central Macedonia, near
Langadas]
Μικρόβα/.τρ (τό) village near Kozani
Ξερόβαλ.τος (ό) Pogoni in Epirus: Jcsirovaltus24
Παράβαλτος (ό) Epirus, Messenia (near the lagoon of Agoulinitsa)
Τρανόβαλτ ο (τό) village near Kozani
Βαλτάμπελά (τά) Messenia (Gambrya of Pylia)
Βαλτολ.ίβαδο (τό) near Yannitsa (Pella)
Βαλτόνερα (τά) Fiorina
Βαλτοπήγαδο (τό) a place in Crete (eparchia of Viannos)
Βαλτοτόπι (τό) Macedonia (Gumenitsa, Salonica, Serres)
Βαλτοχώρι (τό) Macedonia (Salonica, Drama [here renamed]).

Μ ΠΑΛΤΑ AN D N A M E S

The appellative μπάλτα (ή) [bâlta] in Zagori ôf 'Epirus and the-thence

toponym Μτιάλτα (ή) [bâlta] and plur. Μπάλτες in Kephallenia and such
derivatives as Μπάλτιζα) {ή) [bâltiza], name of a place iri Andros25, and
baltdza (ή Μπάλτεζα) in Agrilia (Triphylia)26 do corpe from^Albanian
balte. As Jokl indicated, Alban. Tosk balte keeps It or changes Ü into
Sicily Albanian jt : bajtë27. The Illyric form *balta has been set as the
original word28 whence come the Albanian words.

22 The name ή Βάλτα for the settlement in Triphylia occurs in a notice of

1322; see P. Ch. Papachristopulos, journal Φιλιατρά No. 27 (1963) 6-7.
23 Βα/.τέτσι (τό), name of a village in Mantineia, deriving from the existing
swampy garden area there (N. Alexopulos, Μεσαιωνική Πελοπόννησος [Athens
1951] 246) is not a Greek dimin. of βάλτος (so Georgiu, Τοπωνυμ. ερευναι 13),
for there is· no Greek dimin. suff. -έτσι but is from Slav. *boltbce ‘little swamp’ ,
as Vasmer 150 explained it (not with Weigand, Balkan-Archiv 4,26, from
baltecb), as is Βάλτιστα from *boltië6e (Serb, place name Blatista).
24 G. A n a g n o s t o p u lo s , Ή πειρωτ. Χρον. 1 (1926) 90.
25 D. P a s c h a l is , TIME 1934, p. 276.
20 I recorded this in Triphylia from an informant from Agrilia in August 1963.
27 bajte in the locality Piana degli Albanesi (formerly Piana degli Greci) near
Palermo (Dr. E. Çubej); Jokl, Untersuchungen 164; he holds its origin *balta
to be Slavic or Pre-Slavic.
28 K r ä h e , Die Sprache der Illyrier, I (1955) 116f. with note 301. Cf. V .
P i s a n i , Lexikalische Beziehungen des dbanischen zu den anderen indoger­
82 D e m e t r iu s J . G e o r g a c a s

Βάλτα and Βάλτες (and ’Ά ν ω Βάλτες) in Kephallenia seem to be

bâlta and baltes29, whence also inhabitant name Μπαλτισιάνος30.
There are the toponyms Μεγάλη Μπάλτσα [bâltsa] and Μικρή Μπάλτσα
in Corinthia and some forms recorded are non-existent or are compro­
mise forms to accommodate the learned influence of the puristic bu­
reaucracy31. Toponymie material, however, always requires critical
scrutiny before being used for toponomastic research, otherwise it is
useless; Βάλτα a is certainly the written compromise form of bâltsa;
Βάλτση is a false form taken from the puristic genitive τής Βάλτσης
( = genuine form τής Μπάλτσας); Μπάλτζα is a way of recording bâltsa.
I suggest that Bâltsa came originally from Alban, baltdza (written in
Greek ή Μπάλτιζα); the form bâltiza in Greek could, with the loss of
interconsonantal -i-, yield *baldza or bâltsa.

ΒΕΛΟΥΧΙ
Μ ΠΕΛΟΥΕΙ

1. Βελούχι (τά) [velûçi], name of a mountain in Acarnariia (with

Βελονχιώτης as inhabitant name and hence surname), for the ancient
Τυμφρηστός, is „ein schwieriger N am e“ according to Vasmer (6Ç), who
derives it from Slav. *Beludn>: belt ‘white’ . Beside the mountain.-βε­
λούχι in Acam ania and Βιλούχι, name of a spot in Parnassis twice32,,
there are more names : Βελόνχι, .name of a fountain head in Patras
close by the old St. Constantine monastery33, Βελούχι, iiame of â river
in Locris34, in the plural Βελούχια (τά) ln Stere^, Ellas35, and the deri­
vative Βελούχοβο, name of a village in Évrytania (renamed Κάλλιον)36.

manischen Sprachen,. Jahrbuch für kleinasiatische Forschung 3 (1955-59) 149,

155.
29 M i lia r a k i s , Γεωγρ. Κεφαλληνίας 3 9: Μπάλτα, Μπάλτες, Μπαλτίσίάνος.
30 On Μπάλτα: Μπαλτισιάνος see Β .Ζ . 42 (1960) 402.
31 Μεγάλη Μπάλτζα and Μικρή Μπάλτζά: Miliarakis, Γεωγο. ’Αργολίδας καί
Κορινϋ. (1886), 115; Megali Valtsa and M ikri Valtsa: E. Meyer, Peloponnes.
Wanderungen (1939) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ; and 3, 6 ; Μεγάλη Βάλτση and Μικρή Βάλτση:
D . V a y a c a c o s , Ε Ε Β Σ 29 (1959) 335 [this Βάλτση is puristio nonsense formed
b y bureaucrats on the basis of the katharevousa declension: nomin. ή Βάλτσα:
gen. τής Βάλτσης-, they extended the -η of the genitive to the nominative Βάλτση].
32 ‘ Αύηνά 44, 155 = Vasmer 114.
33 S. T h o m o p u lo s , Ή ιερά μονή Όμπλοϋ (Patras 1903), 39.
31 L e a k e , Travels in Northern Greece 2, 559f.
35 See Ι Λ 3, 514b.
38 Beluchovo: A . E l l i s s e n , Analekten der mittel- und neugriechischen Lite­
ratur, vol. 3: Anecdota Graecobarbara. I. Θρήνος τής Κωνσταντινουπόλεως (Leip­
zig 1857), p. 240.
 Place and other names in Greece of various Balkan origins 83

The name of the mountain is attested for the 15th century37. In ad­
dition, there is a place called Βελονχόβονση near Karpenisi (Acarna-
nia)38.
The fact, however, that the appellative noun βελούχι (rd) is used
in the modern Greek of many parts of IMiddle Greece, e.g., in Patras,
Sterea Ellas, and Lefkada, and signifies ‘spring of abundant water,
fountain head’ , attests a noun bëluchb (derivative of bëh ‘white’ and
‘pure’ ) signifying (1) ‘something white’ , (2) ‘something pure’ (about
water in the mountains), and (3) ‘fountain head’ (this sense arising
perhaps from the fact that the water in the mountains happens to be
clear). The origin .of the appellative noun βελούχι is no longer a crux.
2. The place name Μπελούσι (το) [belûsi], renamed Συκιές, in the
eparchia of Olympia, community of Fanari, not far from Andritsaina,
is known from .the latter part of the 17th century as Belusßi39, and
explained by Vasmer (148) from Slavic *Béluëb, while Sathas explained
Μπελούσι of Achaia from the name of the landowner40. There are, how­
ever, three more villages, with the name Μπελούσι (Aitoliko of Meso-
longi, Zakynthos, and Ithaca)41. I do not know whether Βελούσι, name
of a stretch covered with fir trees in Aspropotamo of Pindos near the
village.Moutshara424
, would be also from Belusi-οτ from Βελούχι.
3
Since there was a Greek family name BelusiiZ and ΜπελούσηςΗ to­
day and also nickname which-.is explicable from Slav, Bëluëb ‘the
V o n d one^45, some of the above toponyms m ay be from.the name of
the owners; the derivation of the family name Μπελούσης from a place
name Μπελούσι cannot be precluded either.
One thing is certain, however, that Βελούχι and Μπελούσι are two
different names of different origins.

37 Threnos of Con/ple, 1. 980 (15th cent.), in Ellissen, loc. cit.

88 G. V a r e l a s , Τουριστικός οδηγός γιά την 'Ελλάδα (Athens 1962), 1, 413b.
39 In the Venetian census of 1689: S. L a m b r o s , Δ Ι Ε Ε 2 (1885) 708.
40 S a t h a s , Documents 4 (1883), p. XLV . Βελονσι.. name of a spot in Patras
(1690) : Triandaphyllou, Λεξικόν Πατρών 91.
41 For Aitoliko and Zakynthos: M E E 17 (1931) 58a.
42 Hadjigakis, op. cit., 23.
43 Antonio S c u r a , Gli albanesi in Italia e i loro canti tradizionali (New York
1912), 77, 135 [Domenico Bellusci, Greek bishop, president in 1807 of the Collegio
Italo-Albanese, from Frascineto, province of Cosenza], 138 [Michele Bellusci,
Greek priest, from the same town].
44 ’ Αντώνιος Μπελούσης and Σοφία Μπελούση: Telephone Directory of Athens
(1962, 1964). Μπελούσης surname also in Sofiko of Corinthia and in Arvanitika
bdlùëi there.
45 Cf. Weigand, Balkan-Archiv 4 (1928) 25, 35, 44.
 84 D e m e t r iu s J . G e o r g a c a s

Β ΙΡ Ο Σ A N D COGNATES

Βιρός (ό) [virôs], name of a plot near Kostitsi in Ivatsanochoria and

another in the area of Chouliaradhes (Vasmer 23); Βίρος, a tributary
of the river Louros in the area of Arta (Vasmer 47); Βιρός, a winter
stream in Attica (Vasmer 121); and Μύλοι Βιρον in the area of Oitylo
(Laconia;Vasmer 166); το Βιρό, a village in Kerkyra; Ά β ιρ ό ς in South
Albania; Βιρός in Kerkyra46.
All these names are explained by Vasmer from Slav, virt ‘water
whirl, water hole’ , which is not far from the linguistic truth. In onoma­
tology, however, since the noun βιρός (ό) ‘stagnant water at a point
in a stream’ is part of the vocabulary of the Greek speakers in Epirus,
Sterea Ellas, Euboea, and other places47, it is a matter of sound method­
ology to consider the explanation of the above and other place names
as coming from the Greek appellative. Indeed, there are more toponyms
from this term :
Βήρος (d) Procop. Do aedif. 4, 4, 1 -3 48
Βιρόν (to) (.1300)
Βιρός (d) (1318)4950
Βιρό (τό) in eparchia of Olympia, Kalyvia (Peloponnesus), Corinthia (Matsani)
Βιρός (o) in Messenia (five· times), Gortynia, Kleitoria, Attica, Epirus,
Macedonia (Voion), Kerkyra
Βα&νς βιρός (980)
Μέγας βιρός (1023)·, Μεγάλος βιρός and Μιαρός βιρός, called τά Μάτια collective­
ly, two fountains in Messenia (Ayios Floros)5()
Μαύρος βιρός (1Ö49, 1408)
Μανροβιρό in eparchia of Olympia (area of Lavda)
Ά ν ω Βιρόν (τό) in Kerkyra
Βιρός τής Καρπονζας in Thessaly (Pertouli)
Όξωβιρός (d) Triphylia (area of Filiatra)
Παλιοβιρό Triphylia (Mouzaki)
Όβιρός (ό) Epirus51* with o- (owing to the juncture d βιρός -> όβιρός, then
όβιρός)22.

46 S t u p i s , ΟΙ ,,ξένοι“ εν Κέρκυρά2, p. 67.

47 See Ι Λ 3. 537b.
48 See V . T a p k o v a - Z a i m o v a , LB 2 (1960) 124.
49 These two place names from documents; see V a y a c a c o s , Πελοποννη-
σιακά 5 (1962) 170.
50 D. J. G e o r g a c a s , B zN 17 (1966).
61 See I Λ 3, 537 b ; Βα&νς β., Μέγας β., Μαύρος β. : Vayacacos, ibid. ; McDonald
and Georgacas, s .w . Βιρός, Μανροβιρό, Ό ξωβιρός, Παλιοβιρό; for "Ανω Βυρόν:
D .E . M u s t a k a s , M EE 7 (1929) 931b (s.v. Βυρόν Ά ν ω ) ; for Βιρός τής Καρπον­
ζας: Α .Κ . H a d j i g a k i s , Άσπροπόταμο 31 and 40.
5- The appellative ή ονβίρα [m>fra] ‘a little pool in a river’ (Meyer, NS 2, 49)
is augment, of όβιρός.
 Place and other names in Greece of various Balkan origins 85

A family name spelled Βνριώτης probably derives from the inhabi­

tant name Βιριώτης of a Βιρός settlement.
According to the data on hand, the Slavic appellative noun vino
entered Byzantine Greek in the middle ages, not later than the 10th
century, as ό βιρός53 and became part of the Greek vocabulary, so that
the Greek speakers gave some of the names to the places cited above,
doubtless those which show changes (such as 5Αβιρός, Όβιρός), the
compounds (such as Μανροβιρό, Ό ξωβιρός, Παλιοβιρό), and the peri­
phrastic ones (’Ά ν ω Βιρόν, Βαϋύς βιρός, Μέγας βιρός, Μαύρος βιρός, Τρεις
βιροί, Μύλοι Βιροϋ).

Δ Ο Λ Ο Ι . Δ Ο Λ Ι Α Ν Ο Σ - Δ ΟΛ Ι Α Ν A

Δολιανοί (οι) [ôoljani] in Epirus (year 1341). and Δολιανά (τά) [ôol-
jana\ are names of towns in Epirus, Δολιανά also a village in K ynu-
ria54, another in Evrytania, a fourth in Thessaly (area of Trikala), also
Μονή Δολιανών in the same area, and Ποτάμι των Δολιανών for the an­
cient. river Γαράτης. There is also a compound name Δ ολιανοβέρβενα55
to designate both Kynouria’ s villages, Δολιανά and Βέρβενα, which are
ten km apart (cf. Μοΰ·ωκόρωνα, Σουληναρορόμιρα, etc.).
The name Δολιανά was explained from Old Slavic Doljane ‘.dale in­
habitant’ , Slav. Doljana, and especially from plural *Doljani56, wherein
the naming should refer to a far older settlement near the coast5’ .
Δόλιανη f., name of a village in the area of Kastoria (Bulg. Doleni)58,
renamed Ζενγοστάσι, and a second in Véroia (Bulg. Doljani)59 are
directly from Slavic Doljane.
Concerning the names in southern Greece, however, I suggest that
the names of villages, d Δολός, τό Δολό (Ioannina) and οι Δολοί in

53 On the oxytonese of d βιρός from Slavic v in and of other nouns see D . J.

Georgacas, Πελοποννησιακά 1 (1950) 392-394.
54 In the former demos zl ολιανών in Northern Parnon of Kynuria Albanian
was formerly spoken (A. P h i l i p p s o n , PM 36 [1890] 34 with note 4) and that
is the reason why the name Δολιανά is held by A. Philippson (ibid. 9a) to be
Albanian.
55 N . B e e s , Ελληνικά 3 (1930) 508.
56 Vasmer 31, 153, especially 263; accepted by I. Popovié, Gesch. d. serbo-
kroat. Sprache (Wiesbaden 1960), p. 162.
57 Beuermann 235 does not know, he says, whether the older settlement was
located near the coast.
58 There is also a Byzantine church Panaghia Doliani located in Kastoria;
see Y . B é g u i g n o n , BCH 53 (1929) 511.
59 Ε Ε Λ 4 (1928) 6 79 b ; Vasmer 204.
86 D e m e t r iu s J . G e o r g a c a s

Laconia are, to be sure, of Slavic origin, *doh ‘dale, vale’ 60 but that a
Greek inhabitant name A ολιανός (like Καλαματ-ιανός, Καστορ-ιανός,
Λιγουδιστ-ιανός, etc.) could be the basis for the place names Δολιανοί
and Δολιανά. The latter arose from the neuter τό Δολιανά (this from
τοΰ Δολιανον), when the lots of the Dolianos family were distributed
to the male offspring. The reason for m y suggestion is the accent on
the names, betraying the- Greek suffix -ιανός and the plural -ιανά.
However, I would not exclude interference of Greek folketymology in
the shaping of the form of the place names.
The inhabitant name of Δολιανά is Δολιανίτης and this has become
a surname.

ΠΟΤΟΚΙ

Ποτόκι (τό) [potôÎci] ,.name of a village in the area of Xerochori in

Euboea, of a river (anc. 'Ελίκων) flowing south of Katerini into the
Gulf of Salonica, of a river on the island of Samos, Ποτόκι for four
places (ϋέσεις) in Triphylia61, Ποτόκι in Eleia (Koliri)62, Butok in the
area of the villages Gardiki and Tzùrtzja in Thessaly63, Ποτόκιο in the
area of Orei in Euboea64, and plural τά Ποτόκια, name of'tw o ΰέσεις
in. Triphylia65, one in the area of Strefi in .Eleia66, one in Euboea67, one
in the southern bay of Ayii Anaryiri in. Argolis (area of Ermioni)68. The
name of only two places, Ποτόκι in· Euboea and Macedonia, which
Vasmer knows, were explained by him (112-, 210) from Slavic potokb
‘creek’ and, as far as etymology goes^the explanation is correct.. In
onomastics, however, it is necessary to register the fact, unknown to
Vasmer, that the immediate source of the names is the Modern Greek
term ποτόκι (τό) ‘depression with stagnant water’ (Samos) and ‘depres­
sion’ (Siderokastro in*Triphylia). Thus, the term ποτόκι is from Slavic
potokb ‘creek’ but the places may have been named, at least some of
them, by Greek speakers and not necessarily by Slavic ones.

60 Vasmer 31, 167.

61 McDonald and Georgacas s .v .: in Ano Kopanitsa, Kopanald, K ato K o-
panaki, Lapi, Makrisia, Siderokastro.
62 Ά ΰ η ν ά 52 (1948) 194.
63 Hadjigakis, Άσπροπόταμο 79.
61 Arch. Hist. Lex.
85 McDonald and Georgacas s.v. Ποτόκι : in area of Kakovatos and Bambes.
68 Ά & ψ ά 52, 194.
87 Arch. Hist. Lex.
88 M i lia r a k i s , Γεωγρ. Άργολίδος και Kooivô. 228, 246.
 Place and other names in Greece of various Balkan origins 87

The term ποτόκι, with the aforementioned meaning was erroneously

placed and edited in the Historical Lexicon of Modern Greek under
άποτόκι (το) ‘nest-egg’ 69; for the two words, having different meanings,
are obviously unrelated70.

Ρ Α ΔΟ Σ ETC.

Ρόδου (τοϋ) [râdu], name of a village in Argolis (area of Ermioni),

of another village in Arcadia71 (area of Cortynia; Ραδαΐος inhabitant
name72), of an abandoned third village in Locris73, and τοϋ Ρόδον, name
of a village in Messenia (renamed Περδικόβρνση; area of Messene; in­
habitant name also Ραδαΐος), are with Vasmer (127, 157f., 164) of Sla­
vic origin74, since there are such derivative names as to Ράδοβο (two
villages in East Macedonia), Ραδομίρ (near Yannitsa, area of Pella), for
which there are Bulgarian and Serbocroatian place names Radomir,
Sloven. Radmirje15, and Ραδοβίζι, Ραδοβίστι, Ραδολίβος, Ραντοβόνι, etc.
However, the place names τοϋ Ρόδον and τό Ρόδο in question are
best explained from.the Greek surname Ρόδος, which being in use will
have* yielded also the derivative name Ραδόπουλος ‘Rados’ son’ 76. The
Greek surname in turn is from the Slavic personal name ^Radl· or
rather shortened from *Ραδομίρης in.Greek' and the latter from Slavic
Radomir»■It is possible that also the surname Ράντος derives from Ra­
domir and Ραντόπουλος11, is equivalent to Ραδόπουλος, the difference
between rados and rados being that the ö shows an early borrowing
and the d ( = ντ) a later one (cf. Ραδοβάνι and Ραντοβόνι). In any case,
the interpretation of the four Greek place names, Ρόδου and Ρόδο,

69 Ι Λ 2, 60.4b.
70 K . I l i o p u l o s (Ά ά η νδ 52, 194^ following B. F a v i s (Λ Δ 1 [1939] 134f.)
was misled in explaining ποτόκι from Greek έπιτόκιον.
71 Ράδον, written Radhu, is recorded in the Venetian census of 1689; see
S. Lambros, Δ Ι Ε Ε 2 (1885) 700 and 701.
72 T. G r i t s o p o u l o s , Ε Ε Β Σ 20 (1950) 220.
73 E E /1 11 (1931) 66a s.v. Ράδον.
74 Sathas’ suggestion (Documents 4 [1883], p. X L V I ) of an Albanian feudal
owner is unnecessary. — The name Ράδος seems to have no connection with the
surname Ραδινός, Ραδηνός, on which see Amantos, 'Ελληνικά 3 (1930) 538f.
75 Vasmer 202.
76 The surname Ράδος, known since at least the 18th century (EE/.1 11, 656),
is listed eight times and Ραδόπουλος five times in the Telephone Directory of
Athens (1964); Ράδος thrice in the Telephone Directory of Salonica 1962, Ραδό­
πουλος and Ραντόπουλος ibid.
77 Ράντος (and ή Ράντον) is listed nine times in the Telephone Directory of
Athens (1964) and Ραντόπουλος once.
88 D e m e t r iu s J . G e o r g a c a s

direct from the hypothetical Slavic personal name *Radb, as Vasmer

and W eigand78 before him did, without taking into account the per­
sonal name Ράδος still ; u use, is impossible or un-onomastic. It may be
added that there are also Albanian place names such as Rade, Rado-
(Rctdogosh, Radohines, Radokal, Radomire, Radomit, Radostine, Rado-
vesh, etc.) and Radhesh, Radhime, etc.

POMI PHΣ
1. J A R O M IR or 2. R Ë M Ë R -I

Ρομίρη (τοϋ) [romiri] and Ρομίρι (τό), name of a village in Zakyn­

thos, attested in 1509, and of another in Pylia at the northern foot of
M t. Lycodemos, its inhabitant being called Ρομιριάτης79 [romirjâtis]
for the Zakynthian village and Ρομιραϊος [:romiréos] for the Pylian80.
From the Pylian name there is also the dvandva compound Σουληνα-
, a name combining those of the neighboring villages
ρορόμιρα (τά)818
2
Σονληνάρι and Ρομίρι. The place name was explained from Slavic
*Jaromerjb (Vasmer 80, 164). This interpretation, however, is not
complete as it does not take care of the vowel in syllable - mi-·, for
the place name Γερομέρη in Epirus (area of Jannina) from Slav. Jero-
mirjb (Vasmer 291) shows ε for Slav, i, and accented e elsewhere is
rendered in Greek-with -tee- or -a- but not with t (i).
M y.first suggestion is that both place names (of Pylia and of Za­
kynthos) in the form τοϋ Ρομίρη must have originated in a landowner’s
name Ρομίρης in Greek and that the latter is in turn shortened from
*Jeromir < - J^romerjb, Jeromërjb, i.e. [Je]romir. According to Dr. J. B.
R udnyckyj, whom I consulted about this matter, Slavic Jaromirb is
possible as a by-form to Jarom-ërb82 but whether Jaromirb is Balkan -
Slavic I do not. know. Another shortened name may be Ντεμίρης from
Ρεντεμίρης, for there a£e place names τοϋ Ντεμίρη and τά Ρεντεμίρια in
Messenia83. Some other names are: Ραδομίρ from Radomir, Τατίμερ
(Theophan. Chron. 271, 5; 272, 13) from Tatomir (Skoplje), etc.

78 W e i g a n d , Balkan-Archiv 4, 36.
79 Ρομιριάτης for the Zacynthian village: Zoïs, Λεξικόν Ζακνν&ου, ■p. 273a.
80 D. J. Georgacas, Γλωσσικόν υλικόν Μεσσηνίας (1937), ms. of the Historical
Lexicon of Modern Greek, p. 173.
81 Ibid., p. 176.
82 Letter of May 2, 1963; see M ik l os ic h , Die Bildung der slav. P . - und ON-,
pp. 75-77.
83 McDonald and Georgacas, vv.
 Place and other names in Greece of various Balkan origins 89

A second possibility for the name Ρομίρη is its explanation from

Greek Albanian rdmddr and with the definite article raman ‘lazy, care­
free’ , which is from Albanian rëmër ‘Vlach, shepherd’ 81*; the definite
form raman could yield [romiris] in Greek85. There are place names
Rëmënj ‘Aromunians’ in Albania86. The Greek Romiris has ro- instead
of expected re- or n - from Albanian but this may be due to the folk-
etymological crossing of Rornjos (Ρωμιός) '(Modern) Greek’ 87. The A l­
banian etymon is possible because (1) the village Romiri in Zakynthos
is Albanian and (2) Albanian speaking population used to live in Pylia
in the neighborhood of Pylos88, though we know nothing about the
area of the Pylian Romiri. However, from a collection of the toponyms,
138 in all, in the area of Pylian Romiri89, I see that hardly any of
them is of Albanian origin. Therefore, if the name Ρομίρης really is
of Albanian origin, the population of the village haft been only Greek
speaking. W e may assume that among other Peloponnesians who sett­
led in Zakynthos in the later part of the 15th century - this is a fact90 -
was also a family by the name Ρομίρης, whence the place name Ρ ο­
μίρη there. The name, Ρομιριαραϊοι,. referring to the inhabitants of
Ρομίρη in Pylia, was. made by gossiping .villagers of. the region for
Ρομιραϊοι to rhyme with διακονιαραΐοι 'beggars’ , and is, therefore, not
an inhabitant name but a nickname.
The officially adopted form"Ρομίριον (gen, Ρομιρίον)91 like Ζαπάν-
τιον, Μπιζάνιον, Μπράτιον and the like is nonsensical as it militates
against the correct usage (το Ρομίρι, τό Ζαπάντι, τό ΰ^πιζάνι,μό Μπράτι,
etc.) and especially against the structure of the modern Greek language.

81 Meyer, E W A S 365, s.v. remer% .

85 The form of the Greek Albanian name was suggested to me by Dr. D.
Mutsos.
86 Information of Dr. E. Çabej.
87 I t should be noted here that Ρωμανός is surname in Kerkyra and τοϋ
Ρωμανού and οί Ρωμανάδες are place names in Epirus and Ρονμανάδες in K er­
kyra (Stupis, ΟΙ ,,ξένοι“ έν Κερκνρμ 69, 80); these names m ay come from the
Byz. name Ρωμανός, this from Lat. Rômânua.
88 Philippson, Zur Ethnographie des Peloponnes, PM 36 (1890), 9a.
89 A collection compiled upon m y request by Spyridon Vasilopulos (Jan.
1964); verification of details of form for a number of them (Feb. 14, 1964).
90 K . K a i r o f y l a s , 'Η Ζάκυν&ος όπως την είδαν οί περιηγηταί,_U M E 1923,
173; idem, 'II 'Επτάνησος ύπο τους Βενετούς (Athens 1948) 24 (with earlier
bibliography).
91 Στοιχεία 35, 412. The local officials spell the name Ρωμύριον, certainly
with no justification.
90 D e m e t r iu s J . G e o r g a c a s

Σ Ι Ρ Α Κ Ο Σ ETC.

Σιράκον (τοϋ) and τό Σιράκο [sirâku, sirâko], name of a village in_

Epirus (also Σεράκου in Epirus, Σαράκου in W est Macedonia)92, with
inhabitant name Σιρακιώτης and Σαρακιώτης93, τον Σιράκον, name of
a spot in Aspropotamo of Pindos94, τό Σιράκο in Attica, τον Σιράκο95
in Mesa Mani, are all derived from a personal name Σιράκος, which
spread over continental Greece96. W hile S. Lambros97 suggested that
the Albanians carried the place name Σιράκον to Attica, I would rather
suggest that the Albanians brought the surname Σιράκος to th e p a r t s
o f G r e e c e w h e re t h e y s e t t l e d and so it became finally a place
name in those parts. I may add that the surname Σιράκος is found also
among the Albanian speaking Sulimochoria in Triphylia : the toponym
krôj ëirakut (in Greek τό Κρο-Σιράκον) occurs in the area of the village
Kouvela, Triphylia.
Vasmer (53 and 122), unaware of the suggestions of other scholars98,
advanced the explanation according to which both Σιράκο in Attica
(not Σιράκον, as he accents it) and Σιράκο in Epirus (not Συράκον)
derive'from Slavic sirokt 'broad, wide’ , comparing mod. Bulg; and
Serbocroat. Siroko, Sir oka, etc·.99 While these., modern South Slavic
place names may be correctly explained from Old'Slavic *siroL·, they,
however, do not explain the personal namè and the several place na­
mes in Greece.
I t is important that the place name derives from the personal name
Σιράκος, known in Greece from at least ca. 1650 A .D .100 And it. is this
surname Σιράκος that was the basis for the formation of the. name of

92 There are seventy Sarakatsan families in Sirako now; Hadjimihali, Σαρα-

κατσάνοί 1 (1957), Appendix (Statistics), p. 4 7 f.
93 The inhabitant name became a surname, e .g ., Σαρακιώτης of a Sarakatsan
family in Skarfia of Locris (Hadjimihali, op. cit., 1, 26) and Σερακιώτης is listed
in the Telephone Directory of Athens (1964).
94 Hadjigakis, ’ Ααπροπόταμο, p. 103.
95 The form τον Σιράκο is normal in the dialect of Mani, where parallels are
found such as τοϋ Ζαχαράκο τ’ άλώνι, τοϋ Κουράκο, τοϋ ΑΙιχαλάκο, τον Πετρακάκο.
86 The following names are listed in the Telephone Directory of Athens
(1964): Σνράκος seven times, Συρράκος six times, Σνρακόπονλος, also Συράκης.
The spelling with v is arbitrary.
97 Ε Π 1 (1897) 191.
93 G. Weigand, C. Höeg, and Th. Capidan.
99 I. Ρ ο ρ ο ν ίό (Geschichte d. serbokroat. Sprache, Wiesbaden 1960, p. 161),
following Vasmer, explains Σιρόκον of Attica (not Σίρ-) from the neuter èiroko
,das Breite'.
100 G. K r e m o s , Φωκικά (Athens) 3 (1880) 175.
 Place and other names in Greece of various Balkan origins 91

the settlement Σιρακαίικα καλύβια in Epirus and Σιρακαίικα in Arcadia

and also for the formation of the toponym ή Σιράκαινα in Messenia101
from the andronymic Σιράκαινα 'Shakos’ wife (or widow)’ 102. On the
other hand, το Σιράκοβο in Achaia may be due to naming by Slavic
speakers (cf. Sirakovo in Bulgaria); the names Sirak of a village and
Shirakat of a village in South Albania and Q a f e Shirakut (— Qafa e Shi-
rakut) 'Sirako pass’ for a pass103 were created by Albanian speakers, and
Sirak'etu 'inhabitant of Sirako’ ( = Σιρακιώτης) is an Aromunian name
form104. Until we know more of the distribution of the name Sirak-
in the Balkan languages, we may be satisfied with the statement that
this personal name is of Balkan, most probably Slavic, origin1051
.
6
0

Ζ Α Π Α Ν Τ Η Σ ETC.

Ζαπάντι (τό) [zapândi], name of. four villages: Trichonis (area of

Agrinion; renamed Μεγάλη Χώρα)', Ivarystia, Thessaly (Phthiotis, area
of Domokos, renamed Μηλιόκαμπος)\ Messenia (area of Aristomenes;
renamed Κρνόβρυση) ; and Corinthia (including thé villages Χαλκί and
tT o u h p a p i^ .a n d of small places,· one in Messenia107, another in Thes­
saly108. (On the official form Ζαπάντιον cf: Μπιζάνιον, Μπράτιον, Ρομί-
ριον109.) In addition, οί Ζαπανταιοι (area of Grevena; now n a m ed Λ α γ­
καδιά) and ή Ζαπαντίνα a place name in Aetoîi^,, and Ζαπαντιώτης
surname110.

101 McDonald and Georgacas, s.v.

102 Explaining the family n am é^ioaxo; (Athens) from the place name Σιράκο
(Epirus), as is done by N . A n d r i o t i s (Ε Ε Φ Σ of the Univ. of Salonica 6 [1950]
198) in reversing the procedure of the explanation (personal name: place name),
misses the mark at the record of the data.
103 Gazetteer of Albania, p. 167.
101 On details on the name Σιράκο etc. see D . J. Georgacas, ΑΘΘ 14 (1949)
8 1-86.
105 Dr. J .B . R u d n y ô k y j kindly reports to me (letter of April 11, 1963) that
sirak in Ukrainian is ''peasant’s heavy coat’ and figuratively 'peasant’ . Cf.
also Romanian saracà 'shaggy coat’ .
106 Miliarakis, Γεωγο. ’Αργολίδας καί Κορινϋ·. 111. There is also a stream
called τό Ζαπάντι = Ποτάμι τής Νεμέας; see C. Kusulos, Ή Νεμέα, Πελο-
ποννησιακή Πρωτοχρονιά (Athens) 1965, p. 251b.
107 McDonald and Georgacas s.v.
108 Hadjigakis, Άσπροπόταμο, p. 117.
109 See above, p. 89.
110 M E E 11 (1929) 911c; Βασίλειος Ζαπαντιώτης: Triandaphyllou, Λεξικόν
Πατρων, p. 248.
92 D e m e t r iu s J . G e o r g a c a s

Vasmer explains the place names from Slavic *Ζαραάΐ>111 and com­
pares Serbocroat. zapkd '’shady place’ and the Serbocroat. place name
Zapada (71, 249). This is not, however, the way of explaining a whole
set of names in Greece.'
The place name Ζαπανταΐοι (now Λαγκαδιά) in the area of Grevena
(Vasmer 182) is excluded from being an inhabitant name in -atος be­
cause (1) the inhabitant name of Ζαπάντι in Trichonis is Ζαπαντιώτης
and, as indicated above, this became also a surname, and (2) the names
are not very old. The best interpretation, therefore, is to take Ζαπαν-
ταloi as a plural clan-name from Ζαπάντης, meaning The members of
the family’ , as Κολοκοτρωναίοι (Κολοκοτρώνης), Μητραίοι (Μήτρος),
Σαρακατσαναΐοι (Σαρακατσάν ος), etc.
Ζαπαντίνα (ή), a place name in Aitolia, about which Vasmer said
„N icht viel anfangen kann ich mit Ζαπαντίνα. . is explicable from
the andronymic Ζαπαντίνα The wife of Ζαπάντης112. From these two
instances, therefore, it seems to me to become obvious that all these
names derive from a family name that still exists in Kephallenia113
and in Athens today114, and that the surname Ζαπάντης (and Ζαπάν-
τος) is from Slavic Zapado115, for the distribution .of the family name
from W est Macedonia to Thessaly, Euboea, Acariiania, arid the Pelo­
ponnesus (Corinthia, Messenia) points tellingly to the origin of the
name. The several place names Ζαπάντι, therefore, came from the
proprietor’ s τοϋ Ζαπάντη116.

Μ Π Ρ Α Τ Η Σ ETC.

Μπράτι (τό) [brdti], name of a village in Achaia (area of Patras) and

of a second one in Eleia (renamed Σταφιδόκαρπος), of a height of Mt.

111 So Weigand had explained, Balkan-Archiv 4 (1928) 31, 36.

112 D .J . Georgacas, B .Z . 42, 2, 417.
113 Miliarakis, Γεωγο. Κεφαλληνίας 39.
114 Ζαπάντης is listed eleven times in the Telephone Directory of Athens (1964).
115 Like Αεσάντες orally for Δεσάντης written, so is Ζαπάντες used orally as
a surname in Kephallenia but written Ζαπάντης (P. Lorendzatos, Κεφαλλήνων ο­
νόματα, Λαογραφία 2 [1910] 30); it seems, however, that the -ες in Ζαπάντες is
not original but by the analogy of other names in -ες from Italian -e.
116 Sathas (Documents 4 [1SS3], p. X L V I) had said about the village name
Ζαμπάντη (sic) in Messene that it comes from the name of an Albanian landowner,
without giving the source name.
On the Aitolia name Ζαπάντη see A . G o r d io s , Βίος Ίωαννονλίον τοϋ Λίτω-
λοΰ,Ν. Έλληνομν. 4 (1907) 34: κώμαι . . . δύο μέν αύται κατά μεσόγαιαν Ζ α π ά ν τ η
και Βραχώρη βαρβαοικώς οΰτω κα/.ούμεναι.
 Place and other names in Greece of various Balkan origins 93

Panachaikon117, and τοϋ Μπράτη name of a fountain in Zakynthos118,

is suggested by Vasmer (136, 144; who knows only the name of the
two villages) to have derived from Alban. Berat, which has in turn
its source in Slav. * Belgrad^119. I know of no possibility of loss of the
vowel -e- (i.e., Brat from Berat) in iUbanian itself, in which the place
names Berat (of the city) and Lum i Beratit, etc., are well known. In
Greek names, on the other hand, I cannot locate a Berati (or Verati,
Vrati) but there is a family name Μπεράτης, if this is not a by-form
of the family name Περάτης, from which originated the place name τοϋ
Περάτη in Epirus,
The names in question, τό Μπράτι and τοϋ Μπράτη, should, it seems
to me, be understood from the possessive case στοϋ Μπράτη from a sur­
name Μπράτης·. In fact, Μπράτης is recorded as a name in Zakynthos
in 1568, the family coming from Patras120, another Μπράτης is known
from Yeraki in Laconia for 1702, and a man named Μπράτης is recorded
for 1821121; there are listed also seven contemporary persons by the

117 T r i a n d a p h y l l o u , Λεξικόν Πατρών 402, s.v. Μπράτι.

118 B. Z o ï s , ' Ιστορία Ζακύνθου (Athens'1953),'p. 40.
*>9 Albanian Berat for the town,· that occurs since the 16th century, and
Macedo-Rouman. Velarde,, Byzantine Greek Βελαγράδιον and plur.. τα Βελαγοά-
δια, are all from Slav. Belgrad that was established by the end of the 10th century
A .D . (attested first in a document of 1019; see Acta Albaniae 1, 58; in addition,
Cedrenus, Bonn ed., p. 476: Έλεμάγος ό τών Βελεγράδων αρχών; cf. C. Jirecek,
Arch. f. slay. Phil. 21 [1899] 548f., 609f.; called Βουλγαρόπολις by thc^Byzan-
tines from.the beginning of the 9th century); Berat figured as “ capo de Musa-
chia” in. the Middle Ages. The river Qsum (medieval Ason, Asunes) that flows
through the Musakja plain an,d reaches· Bera.t is called lurni Beratit. On the above
and for more information see Milan v, É u f f l a y , Städte und Burgen Albaniens,
hauptsächlich während des Mittelalters (Wien und Leipzig 1924 = Akad. d.
Wiss. in W ien, philos.-hist. K l., Denkschriften 63, 1. A bt.), pp. 3 2 f. [with biblio­
graphy in notes 182-188]. I am thankful to Dr. E . Çabej for sending me a copy
of this passage. Cf. also I. Popovic, Geschichte der serbokroat. Sprache (1960),
165 and 198. On the other hand, the explanation of the name has been advanc­
ed from the Turk, appellative noun berat ‘privilegium, firman’ by H . M ih a li,
Berati plak, Diturija 2 (1927) 239ff. [known to me through N . Jokl, Indogerm.
Jahrb. 12, A bt. V I, No. 31] and by G. M a r k e l a j, Rassegna di toponomastica
albanese, Quadreni dell’ Istit. di glottol. (Univ. degli studi di Bologna) 5 (1960)
43. This explanation, seemingly simple and, therefore, preferable, is not self-
evident, for Albanian Berat-i is called in Turkish Arnaut-Beligrad. It seems to
me, therefore, that either the town had two names, one earlier Slavic Belgrad
and one later Turkish Berat, which are in fact etymologically unrelated or that
Slavic Belgrad by some folkelymological influence of the Turkish noun berat
assumed the form Berat.
120 Zoïs, Λεξικόν Ζακύνθου, p. 695.
121 Μ dijrä 29 (1917) 99. Cf. also P. P u l i t s a s , Ε Ε Β Σ 5 (1928) 96: Μπράτης
name in diptychs of monasteries in South Albania.

7 Balkanologie
94 D e m e t r iu s J . G e o r g a c a s

name Μπράτης, six Μπρατάκος, and two Μπρατόπουλος122. This name

Μπράτης [brâtis] may represent an Albanian name *Brat123, if I am
correct in seeing this name in such place names in Albania as Brataj,
Bratile, and Bratosh124; Dr. E . Çabej tells me that a fountain name
Brati and K roj Bratit 'B rati’ s fountain’ exists in South Albania on
the mountain Çajupi between Gjinokastra and Permeti in the same
way as the fountain name τοϋ Μπράτη on Zakynthos. I consider *Brat
a borrowing from Slavic brats (from *bratrs, Bulg. brat, Serbocroat.
brat) 'brother’ . Also the dial, noun μπράτιμος \bràtimos] 'adoptive
brother’ in Greek (syn. αδερφοποιτός, βλάμης, σταυραδέρφι) from Slav.
*bratiim125, which yielded the name Μπράτιμος1261
7 of an 1821 Greek
2
fighter, could produce the shortened form *μπράτης [brâtis]121. Dr.
Çabej informs me of the existence of the compound pobratin 'adoptive
brother’ in North Albania128. On account of his inability to record any
Slavic place names with the noun for 'brother’ , Vasmer (136, No. 65)
rejected Pogodin’s Slavic explanation of the Greek names. Y et, there
are Greek parallel names from the word for 'brother’ : place names τ’
’Αδέρφι (Myconos), τά Τρία τ ’ αδέρφια (Epirus), and Albanian Tre
Vllazer 'Three Brothers’ in the area of Valona129, τά Πέντ(ε) άδέρφια
(Peloponnesus, Skyros), ή Μηλαδέρφη (Euboea)130, το Μηλαδέρφι (Iiyth-
nos)131; surname Βλάμης (Crete, Tsakonia, Athens, also Βλαμάκης, Βλα-
μόπουλος), and place names στοϋ^Βλάμη τη λάκκα (Strezova in Arcadia),
and στη Σπηλιά τον Βλάμη (Arcadia), from βλάμης m. 'adoptive bro­
ther’ , this from Alban, vllam (an alternant* of vëUçtm) 'idem’ 132.
Another possibility is so weak that it m ay be relegated to a note133.

122 Telephone Directory of Athens (1964) and of Salonica (1962).

123 Sathas (Documente 1 [1880], p. X L I I I ) may be right in seeing an A l­
banian landowner’s name in Brati of Eleia.
124 Gazetteer of Albania, p. 16.
125 G. Meyer, NS 2, 4 6; Vasmer 267.
126 M E E 17 (1931) 770c; surname Μπράτιμος in Athens (once) and Salonica
(twice); Telephone Directory of Athens (1964) and of Salonica, (1962).
127 On shortening of words in Modern Greek see D .J . Georgacas, Orbis 4
(1955) 102 f.
128 Given as pobratim by G. Meyer, E W A S 354.
129 Information of Dr. Çabej ; cf. Gazetteer of Albania, p. 183.
130 1/1 1 (1933) 247, s.v. άδέρφι; on Πέντε αδέρφια in Skyros: M. Deffner,
Λαογραφία 9 (1926) 590, No. 317.
131 j s 1 1( 462, s.vv. άλληλά άλ5·■Ιαόέρφι.
132 Ι Λ 3 (1943) 541 f., s.v. ,/.άμης.
133 The surname Μπράτης rould possibly be explained from anc. Gr. πράτης
m. ‘seller’ (cf. μεταπράτΐ]ς ‘re-si 'Dr’ in the puristic Mod. Greek); in fact, soven
persons hearing the name Πράτης arc listed in the Telephone Directory of Athens
 Place and other names in Greece of various Balkan origins 95

Τ Σ ΙΠ ΙΑ Ν Α

Τσιπιανά (τά) [tsipjand], name of a village in Eleia, of another in

Mantineia (ancient Νεστάνη), and of a third in Paros (renamed Μάο-
τη?σσα)134, with an inhabitant name Τσιπιανίτης (for the Arcadian vil­
lage), which became and is now a family name135. The place name oc­
curs also in a patriarchal sigillium of 1594: Τζιπιανά136. The accen­
tuation of the Eleian name τά Τσήπιανα by K . Iliopoulos137 is an error
in printing.
This is a difficult name to explain. It is hardly from Slav. *cepjana,
as Hilferding had suggested, or from Öepino (Vasmer 145, 159), the
latter ignoring the medial vowel -a- (tsipjand). A vague possiblity
would be Albanian Çipan or Çipin1381
, but again -pjan- is not justified,
9
3
though one would allow some transformation in adaptation; yet, that
is hardly the case, since three identical names, two in the Peloponnesus
and one on the island of Paros, could not have undergone the same
changes to become Τσιπιανά.
The native Greek explanation of Τσιπιανά is from τά· *Κηπιανά1Ά9
with the fricativê ts from k'. This explanation is not probable from the
semantic point of view; we do not have formations such as Κηπιανά,
Περιβολιανά, and the like. The only'hypothetical formation would be
an inhabitant name Κηπιανός 'inhabitant of apfiace called Κήπος like
Άρκαδιανός 'inhabitant of Arkadia = Kyparissia’ , Καλαματιανός 'in­
habitant of K alam ata’, Παριανός 'inhabitant of Paros’ , etc. and then
from τοϋ Κηπιανοϋ there would come the stage το Κηπιανά and there-

(1964): Πράτης (and spelled Πράττης six times). Πράτης is a surname known
in Kalamata (spelled also Πράττης), Nedusa, Alagonia (Λεονάρδος Πράτης
1821) and Νικηφόρος Πράτης abbot of the Monastery of Mardaki 1816. The
juncture τον πράτην (or Πράτην) necessarily would become in Middle or Modern
Greek tombrâtin, and then the free accusative form would become bràti(n),
whence a'nëw nomin. sing, form brâtis ( — μπράτης, Μπράτης) would result.
There is, however, no additional evidence to corroborate this possibility.
134 M EE 23 (1933) 460a.
135 Telephone Directory of Athens (1964) lists nine names Τσιπιανίτης. Cf.
N . A . Bees, Ελληνικά 3 (1930) 507 f.
136 S. Lambros, N. 'Ελληνομν. 3 (1906) 379.
137 Άϋηνιϊ 52 (1948) 212.
138 Çipin i Bolenës, Ç. i. Smouthinës, and Ç. i. vogël; Gazetteer of Albania,
p. 27.
139 Cf. K . A m a n t o s , BNJ 17 (1944) 213; cf. D . Z a k y t h i n o s , N. Έ στ. 35
(1944) 490b, note 1. - There are place names such as 6 Κήπος and oi Κήποι,
τό Κηπάρι, τά Κήπια (near village of Kamnâi, Aspropotamo of Pindos), τό Κήπο-
96 DEiEETHIL'S J . GEORGACAS

from the plural τά Κηπιανά. The formation of toponyms in -ιανά, how­

ever, occurs in Crete: Καπαριανά, Καπεδιανά, Καπετανιανά, etc., but is
not known in the Peloponnesus1401
.
4
Τσιπιανά is probably a derivative of a surname such as Τσίπηςη ι ,
Τσίπας142, or Τσίπος113 (also Τσιπ-ίδης1111
) through the following proce­
5
4
dure: As Δολιανός from Δολοί, so Τσιπιανός would derive from a place
name τ ον Τσίπη, τοϋ Τσίπα, or τ ον Τσίπον\ the plural τά Τσιπιανά
would come about in the same way as τα Δολιανά1,15. It seems to me
that the best fitting possibility is the place name τοϋ Τσίπη because
its derivation from Albanian is most probable;.in accordance with
information from Dr. Çabej, a family name Çipi is found in Argyro-
kastro (Gjinokastra) and Koritsâ (Korça).

Κ Ρ Α Β Α Ρ Η Σ : Κ Ρ Α Β Α Ρ Α : Κ Ρ Α Β Α Ρ ΙΤ Η Σ

Κράβαρι (το) [kravari], name of a village in the area of Preveza and

of another in Achaia, of a mountain in Arcadia for the ancient Βόρειον
δρος (1028 m. high)146, and of a legality in Thessaly (area .of. Myro-
kovo)147, is. explained by Vasmer (63, 1.3.5, 155) from Old Ch. Slav, kra-
varb 'cowherd, cowboy!·: The name-again ol· Κράβαροι for the region in
Evrytania confined by Karpenisi·, Nafpaktos, Agrinio and Lidoriki, is
explained by him (83) .from the .plural kravari 'cowherds’ as are Mace­
donian Kravari (Vitolia) and Serb. Croat. Kravari. Actually, however,,
the name oi Κράβαροι is a suspect form that really.Hoes not exist148.

110 As we have seen above, the names of hut settlements usually terminate
in ±ικα (.-άνικα, -ίτικα and -ώτικα, -έϊκα) and we have no form *Κηπιάνικα here but
Τσιπιανά. The only ones in -ι^νά are two examples: Άλαμποριανά καλύβια in W est
Macedonia (area of Véroia) and Δολιανά (and Κάτω Δολιανά); see this journal 2
(1964) 55ff.
141 Tabτης in Andros: D. Paschalis, H M E 1934, p. 278. There are twelve
entries in the Telephone Directory of Athens (1962, 1964) and one in that of
Salonica 1962. A personal name Κίπης is found in Angelokastro, Corinthia (in­
formation of Dr. D . Mutsos), obviously for; Τσίπης. These names, coming at
least partly from Greek-Albanian territory, are of Albanian origin.
U 2 Thg name Τσίπας is listed thirteen times in the Directory of Athens 1964
and once each in Salonica and Drama (Directory of Salonica 1962).
143 The name Τσίπος is known to me from Triphylia, but it occurs also in
Kastoria (Directory of Salonica of 1962) and in the Directory of Athens (1964).
144 In Salonica and Drama.
145 See above, p. 85f.
148 Leake, Travels in the Morea 1, 116; 2, 4 7 ; Philippson, Griech. Landschaf­
ten 3, 256; M E E 15 (1931) 107 c.
147 Hadjigakis, Άσπροπόταμο 64.
148 Vasmer has it from Philippson, Thessalien 357.
 Place and other names in Greece of various Balkan origins 97

The area has the name τά Κράβαρα. Andriotis’ explanation of the sur­
name Κράβαρης in Larisa from the place name τά Κράβαρα1^ , is hardly
possible, for 1) the expected form of the derivative name would not
have terminated in -is but in -as (d Κράβαρας), and 2) the interpreta­
tion, stopping at the name Κράβαρα, does not solve the whole problem.
The process of the naming of these places seems to me to have
started with the family name Κράβαρης which occurs in Athens1
150,
9
4
Larisa151, Ithaca152, and Kephallenia153, and occurs also as the name
of one of the Echinades islands154. This family name Κράβαρης is of
Slavic origin. And the original expression of the names of the places
in Preveza, Achaia, and Arcadia has been and still is τον Κράβαρη, i.e.,
as the possessor’ s name. Mediation of Albanian, however, is to be
considered on the ground that a river name in Calabria (in the Albanian
locality Fascineto) is K roj Kravari155, where kravar ‘‘cowherd’ is A l­
banian of Slavic, origin. W e should, however, emphasize that Kravari
in this toponym is not the noun but the personal name Kravar-i.
The plural· form ol Κράβαροι is suspect. In fact,, we well known that
the past name of.the region south of M t. Oxya, including a section
of today’ s Nafpaktia and ten villages is merely, τά Κράβαρα (with a
by-form τά Γκράβαρα)156. I explain the form τά Κράβαρα as shortened
from the compound τά Κραβαροχώρια or Κραβαρόχωοα ‘ villages of the
Κραβαραΐοι. The inhabitant name of the region called Κράβαρα is Κρα-
βαρίτης157, meaning also 'inhabitant of Sterea Ellas’ , and became a
noun for 'beggar’ and some other connotations158. The inhabitant name
Κραβαρίτης in turn became a family name, occurring in the 18th century

149 Ε Ε Φ Σ of the Univ. of Salonica 6 (1950) 195.

150 Κράβαρης and Κράββαρης (thrice): Telephone Directory of Athens (1964).
151 Andriotis, loc. cit.
152 Miliarakis, Γεωγραφία Κεφαλληνίας, p. 151. The name was imported to
Ithaca from Sterea Ellas in or after 1504.
153 Arch. Hist. Lex.
154 S. E . L y k o u d i s , M E E 10 (1934) 32b.
155 Cf. A .M . S e lis ô e v , Slavjanskoje naselenije v Albanii (Sofia 1931), 165;
N . Jokl, Slavia 13 (1934-35) 310.
156 The explanation given by P. F o u r ik is (Ά ϋη νά 43 [1931] 28) of the name
Κράβαρα and Γκράβαρα from Γκράβενα = Alban. Grab'éna is unlikely.
137 There are also Κραβαρίτισσα and Κραβαριτοποΰλα in a folksong of Nafpak­
tia: τό λέν οί Κραβαρίτισσες κ’ οί Κραβαριτοτιονλ.ες ; see \. Karkavitsas, 'Εστία 30'
(1890) 341 = ' Ελληνικά δημοτικά τραγούδια (Academy of Athens. Public, of the
Folklore Institute, No. 7) 1 (1962) 199.
158 M E E 15 (1931) 107c; Arch. Hist. Lex.
98 D e m e t r iu s J . G e o r g a c a s

and in many places such as Arachova in Parnassis159, and is the family

name of Saracatsans in Euboea and Central Macedonia160. A by-form
is Γκραβαρίτης161. It has become also a place name Κραβαρίτης in Pa-
laiochori (Sterea Ellas)162.
The name of a little tdllage, τα Κραβαραίικα, in Acarnania (com­
munity of Kandila, eparchia of Vonitsa and Xeromero)163, apparently
consisting of Κραβαραΐοι fmembers of the Kravaris family’ is one of
the -αίικα settlements such as discussed above164.

KANTPEBA

Καντρέβα (τον)165 [Jcandréva] (Κανδρέβα with -νδρ- is puristic only)166,

name of a village in Mantineia and officially renamed Ά σ ε α , is not
explained satisfactorily by Vasmer (154) from Slavic *kçdrb 'curl’ , for
the appellatives and names quoted by him look unrelated to the form
of our place name. The family name Καντρέβας was explained by Bees
from the name of the village167 but the matter seems to be the. other
way around. In fact, there is a Λέων. Κανδρεβας in Athens168 and, when
contacted,. he confirmed that he is from the village Καντρέβα ; that,
means that there still were descendants of the family who bore the
name Καντρέβας and who settled'that village. This salué name is attes­
ted for earlier169. The inhabitant name for the same village is Καντρε-
βίώτης and this in turn became a family iiame Κφδρεβιώτης170.

159 The name Κραβαρίτης (spelled mostly Κραββαρίτης without valid reason)
occurs 18 times in the Telephone Directory of Athens (1964) and four times in
that of Salonica (1962); Arch. Hist. L e x .; there is one Κραβαργιώτης (Directory
of Athens 1964).
160 Five Saracatsan families b y the name Κραβαρίτης in Lefkochori (Kilkis),
a Saracatsan tselingas Γκραβαρίτης in Euboea (Mandoudi) and another in K o·
romilia (Kilkis); see Hadjimihali, Σαρακατσάνοι 1, Appendix (Statistics), pp.
62, 11, and 61.
181 Cf. note 160; M E E 15 (1931) 107c.
163 Arch. Hist. Lex.
103 Λεξικόν συνοικισμών (1961), p. 2 00 ; M E E 15, 107c.
181 See this journal 2 (1964) 57.
185 Καντρέβα (ή) in Nouchakis 612, 613.
188 Κανδρέβα: M EE 13 (1933) 687 b.
187 N . Bees, Δ Ι Ε Ε 6, 248; following him N . Andriotis, Ε Ε Φ Σ of the Univ.
of Salonica 6 (1950) 194 and 199.
188 Telephone Directory of Athens (1962 and 1964).
189 Γιάννης Καντρέβας: Απομνημονεύματα τοϋ Παν. Παπατσώνη, ed. Ε . Ρ γο -
topsaltis (Athens 1960), p. 116.
170 This name is listed in the aforementioned Directory (1964) seventeen
times. Through telephone inquiry to these persons it was confirmed that all of
 Place and other names in Greece of various Balkan origins 99

The explanation of the surname should be our concern. The name

is a Balkan one because there is an Albanian family name Candreva
in Calabria171 and a Roumanian surname Candrea172. The nearest hy­
pothesis I would suggest is this: The feminine of an adj. *kgdrjava
would be kçdrjava 'curly-headed (fern.)’ and a nickname therefrom
would be Kçdrjava, and that this in turn would, with paretymological
influence of Old Church Slav. Andrea, yield *Kçdrëva; this would be
rendered in Greek as Καντρέβα (fern.) [kandrévà] and a masculine name
thereof would be our Καντρέβας (cf. ΕΙρήνη: ό Ειρήνης, Φροσύνη: ô
Φροσννης, Σωτήρχαινα — ά Σωτήρχαινας, etc.).

Grand Forks, N . Dak. (USA) Demetrius J. G e o r g a c a s

Athens, Greece

ADDENDA
II. SL A V IC .
P. 77f : Slavic names in Greece. - In 1894 Albert Thumb collected 3060 geo­
graphical names in seven districts of Mani and of these 214 names were found
to be Slavic, i.e. ca. 7% ; this certainly strikingly disproved the earlier asser­
tion that. 90% of the geographic names in Greece were Slavic. See A . Thumb,
The Modern Greek and his Ancestry, Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 2
(1914—15), p,-30 with note 20.
An, outstanding scholar, Professor Johann Schröpfer, has recently given-us
a highly interesting- paper:· Slavisches in Mykene und Umgebung. Griechisch-
slavische Namen-, W ort--und Mythenentlehnung, in the collective volume: Die
K u ltu r Südosteuropäs, ' ihre Geschichte und ihre Ausdrucksformen, Vorträge
gehalten auf der Balkanologen-Tagung der Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft zu Mün­
chen vom 7 .-1 0 . November 1962, herausg. von G. Reichçnkron upd A . Schmaus
(Wiesbaden 1964), pp. 277-302. - I regret to say that the author has not done
his research equally well on. the Greek data and leans rather heavily on mere
etymologizing instead of deepening the story of each name. The result is a strik­
ing example of weak method in (jnomastic research, the sort to be avoided, and
I m ay be allowed to discuss the details of his topic in this journal.
P. 85f. : Δολιανά. - Δολιανά, name of the village west of Pamon, was explained
as Slavic; see A . Thumb, IF 4 (1894) 208. A t the foot of the mountain a little
village called τά Δολιανίτικα καλύβια was settled (L. Ross, Reisen und Reiserouten
durch Griechenland. I : Reisen im Peloponnes, Berlin 1841, p. 157). The Slavic
origin of the names Δολιανά, Δόλιανη, Ντόλιανη with reference to Doljani (Dal­
matia, Bosnia) and Doljane (Bosnia) is stressed by K . G. Papachrysanthu,
who has no onomastic training, in G. K . Papachrysanthu, Κάτω Κλειτορία
(Μαζέϊχα) Καλαβρύτων (Athens 1964), p. 200. Against K . Rounios in an un­
published Τοπωνυμικόν τής ’Αρκαδίας, explaining the name Δολιανά from Alb.

them ultimately come from the village Kandréva in Arcadia. A parallel is the
name of a village in Pylia τοϋ Μαργέλη and τό Μαργέλι with inhabitant name
Maçr/ελ α ϊος; the surname Μαργέλης still exists in the same village.
171 Information from Dr. Eqrem Çabej.
172 N . A . Constantinescu, Dictionar onomastic Rominesc. Edif.. Academiei
republ. popul. Romine, 1963, p. 27 (s.v. C a n d id ) and 33 (s.v. C o d r a t I, 3; II, 2).
 100 D e m e t r iu s J . G e o r g a c a s

doljane, E . Kurilas (Πανεπιστημιακά. To κράτος τής άληϋείας κτλ., Athens 1944,

p. 313) connects Alb. Doljana with the place names zlo^o« (and ζΐόλος!); this is
hardly an interpretation but rather a hint of no value.
Note 76. - Ράδος ό Πέλαγωνίτης is a name that occurs in a praktikon of 1302;
see F. Dölger, Aus dem Wirtschaftsleben eines Frauenklosters in der byzan­
tinischen Provinz, Festschrift f. H . F. Schmid (1956), p. 14 = idem, Παρασπορά
(Ettal 1961), p. 353. The name m ay go back further than the 13th century.
P. 88f. and note 87 : Ρομίρης. — As a parallel to the Albanian explanation
of the name one may recall that Greek Ρωμαίος was substantivized as Ital.
roméo 'pilgrim for Rome’ , and Old French romier, Span, romero, etc., 'pilgrim’
(L. Spitzer, Zeitschr. f. roman. Philol. 56, 644) ; also frequent family name
Romeo in Calabria and Romei river name near Mistretta (dialect of the province
of Messina). On the other hand, Ρωμανός (from. Lat. Römänus) has produced
names: Romano place near Condofuri in Bova, Antonimina, Gioiosa in Reggio,
Rombiolo (province of Catanzaro), Romand place near Bova, Romand settlement
near Morigerati (Cilento, southern part of the province of Salerno), τοϋ Ρωμανού
name of villages in Messenia, Achaia, Lesbos; se^ G. Rolilfs, Lexicon Graeca-
nicum Italiae Inferioris. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der unteritalienischen
Gräzität2 (Tübingen 1964), 444.
Note 95: This pattern came into being by analogy of the first declension
noims in -is, -as; after the pattern nomin. o tamias: gen. tu tamia and o stratjô-
tis: tu straljöti, exactly so the new pattern o Kurdkos: tu JKurdko was built up
by analogy; in other words, the formation of the genitive was based to the
lack of the nominativè sign -s.
N o te. 119. — Beligrad and Berat.· It should be. noted that, one hundred
.fifty years ago, William M. Leake in his. Researches .in Greece (London 1814),
p. 246, states the following : „Beligrdd (Βελλάγραδα, as the Greek called'it), now
Berat, Was then in the hands· of the Greek, Emperors, so that the dominion o f’
the Albanians did not yet extend to the southern extremity of the plains.“
P. 98f. : Καντρέβα. — K . Runios in the aforementioned Τοπωνυμικόν τής ’Α ρ­
καδίας is supposed to have stamped the name as Albanian, as is learned from
E . Kurilas, place near Bova, Romami Πανεπιστημιακά, p. 314), but the latter is
equally wrong in thinking that the name is of Greek origin.