19-09-2017

Assignment 2:
The people side of
projects

CT3101 BASISAPSECTEN PROJECTMANAGEMENT

GROUP 9B
MIKE MORITZ - 4287932
LISE ANDRINGA - 4454952

TU DELFT Minor Project Management: from Nano to Mega

1. What is the appropriate type of project organization for the
abovementioned project?
The optimum project organization for the Dublin airport transformation project is a pure project
organization. During such a large multidisciplinary long term project focus and communication is
imperative. Apart from communication between the different projects and the above lying
administration, direct communication with the client and other affected stakeholders is with a pure
project organization more easily obtainable.

Due to the smaller projects that make up the whole being interdependent of one another in
timetables, resources and other needs the more flexible nature of a pure project organization allows
for rapid adjustments to unseen circumstances or delays.

This project is a long term and very expensive endeavour, which requires a level of focus and
authority from its project managers and members. This way the team members will be fully focussed
on their designated projects without any distractions. Due to the running time problems might creep
their way into the workload, therefore team spirit and clarity during long term projects is of utmost
importance.

2. According to the answer to question Number 1, please draw a brief

project organization chart .

Figure 1: Project organization chart

3. By using RACI matrix, indicate for the following tasks who is
responsible/accountable and whom should be contacted/informed.
Table 1: RACI matrix

Task & Responsibility

Decision Executive

Decision Review Board

Manager
Business Opportunity

Project Managers

HSE Consultant

Construction Manager

Site Operations Manager

Supervising Companies

Dublin Airport Authority

Design and Engineering

Resource Companies
Evaluation of initial A I I R C
costumer request
Selection of consulting I R C A
company
Consultancy with I I AR C I C
clients
Confirmation of goals, I I R A C C I I I I
targets
Preparation of high I A C
level requirement
document
Stakeholder C AR C C I I I I
management
Finding sponsors R A I I
Estimation of required R A C I C I I R C
resources
Create preliminary I I A C I C
project scope
statement/document
Cost/benefit analysis A R I
Creating project I A C C
management plan
Technical specifications A C I C C R
Project time planning I I I A C C I I I I I
Project cost estimation A R I
Quality assurance A R C R
Business leadership
Project leadership
Project team members
Site leadership
Third party
4. Given the importance of leadership for project success, what top-3
actions would you propose as a Project Manager to develop the
team?
The steps a project manager needs to make to properly develop a project team is to choose
the proper team organization, including taking the best leadership stances during the project
and allowing the team members to further enlighten themselves by joint learning.

4.1 Choose a good organization set-up.

Before the needed organization can be distinguished the people who are to make up the
project team, the overall project scope and overlapping organization need to be consulted. A
proper organization structure does not only describe how functions are distributed, but also
how they are coordinated. It is imperative that before this step the proper team members for
the project are to be chosen, which coincide with a mix of focused specialists and team
players. However due to the nature of projects the manager does not always get to choose
their team members. To create a proper organization and invite clarity five points of interest
need to be analyzed.

 Determine the team type: There are four general team types that need to be
evaluated. These being the highly structured with detailed plans Football-type teams.
The highly flexible Basketball-type teams where joint improvisation is important. The
Baseball-type teams where individual performance combined with joint performance
is the most important. And the Tennis-type teams where individual performance is the
highest factor. For this particular endeavor which consists of multiple large scale
projects within a single organization a football-type team build is the most advisable
due the large efforts needing to be well-coordinated and working parallel to each
other.
 The type of project and requirements set: The organization within the project is
placed and the essential points needed to start formulating the beginning of a
planning.
 The current team layout compared to the optimal composition for the best
results: The individual team members need to be analyzed and put into a frame of
reference for past experiences and possible future adjustments to better the overall
team.
 Determine interdependency: Team members should be delegated responsibilities
and from there determine the interdependencies which exist within the separate
tasks.
 Communications planning: Before deciding on a final team organization it is
important to make clear communication guidelines to follow, to prevent unnecessary
problems.

Only after making clear report of all the things needed for a correct team organization, which
is preferably done with input from the team members themselves, can the project manager
properly decide on the correct organization and corresponding leadership style needed to
best bring forth the desired project results.

4.2 Pick the right leadership stance for individual situations.

The second advisable step to properly develop a project team is to choose the best
leadership style for the setting that the manager finds themselves in. This continues
throughout the entirety of the project duration and is partly dependent on the project
manager’s personality and moral values. Leaderships styles are wide and varies with the
most notable being stated below.
  Directive style: Here the manager has final and almost always the only say in
matters. This style is highly autocratic and results in clear guidance, but at the cost of
it being constantly needed. This style is best used during emergencies or when
making statements such as the needs and absolute criteria that need to be met.
 Participative style: This style has the project manager share their responsibility with
the rest of the team. It is a very good style to keep the project members engaged and
allows for rapid feedback. This style is best used to adjust morale issues within the
group by giving the team members a sense of having the initiative and importance.
Another use for this style is to get proper feedback upon decisions that may impact
the whole of the team on the individual level.
 Delegative style: This style has the manager focus on external issues while
delegating most of the authority within the team to team members themselves. This
style is very conductive for day to day operations within the project team. The project
manager rarely has as much of a grasp of all special fields required for the projects as
their projects team members. This style also makes for a higher performance due to
encouraging joint learning and thinking.

These styles are to be used alternatingly according to the situation to provide the team with
the clearest future, but also ensuring high morale by giving the members a sense of
belonging. Naturally some leadership styles may resonate better with certain teams than
others, the manager will have to find a proper balance. If this balance is found it will positively
impact the project team by making it a higher performing one in both success and morale.

4.3 Allow for shared learning experience opportunities

The final step in developing a good project team is advised to allow for a joint learning of
experiences. Project teams that allow for sharing of experiences are higher performing and
open for outside perspectives, preventing a group mentality from taking over the decision
process. They are known to better endure stress and react better, as well as faster to
unforeseen circumstances due to a wider range of abilities to fall back on. Finally they come
up with better and more varied solutions to new problems and risks. Creating a high
performing project team through joint learning of experiences is also conductive for future
projects. It also tends to ease the minds of the team members about any job insecurities after
the project is finished due to their heightened skillset.

5. How do people factors play a role in your own (small) project team?
Please mention a positive aspect and a negative aspect.
People’s behavior is a key factor that drives project success. All processes revolve around and
interact with people, The factors drive by people’s behavior can be both positive and negative
for the overall project success, it is therefore important that everyone has a good understanding
of their other project members, their emotions and backgrounds.

A large impact that people aspects can have is the hampering of reaching deadlines and
obstructing the formation or continuation of a proper organizational structure. Some examples
of this include: a project team member that at first is not entirely motivated who later decides
to quit the team or someone who does not deliver their delegated work on time. We will have
to find ways such things from happening or having a large impact on the workflow.ssss

The multidisciplinary team allows for an approach, as well as different viewpoints that
increase working efficiency of the individual and overall work quality. The varied backgrounds
both educational and other experiences result in a well-balanced set of skills allowing for
created flexibility when tackling problems. Apart from that the different personalities of the
team members allow for a motivating environment due to a good mix of introvert and
extrovert people. Here the introvert and more precision oriented people allow for a more work
oriented atmosphere, while at the same time the more extrovert and team playing members
allow for excellent team relations.