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Implementation of IEC61850 in a
Substation Environment
26 October 2009
Reference VEE4700-01
Revision 0
Document Control
Contents
Section Page
1. Introduction 1
1.1 IEC 61850 Standard 2
1.2 Peer-to-Peer Message (GOOSE) 2
1.3 Process Bus Interface 2
1.4 True Interoperability 2
2. Generator Protection 3
2.1 Chosen Relay for Generator Protection 3
2.2 Key Benefits and Features of G60 Relay 3
2.3 Wiring Diagrams for Generator Protection 4
3. Transformer protection 7
3.1 Key Features 7
3.2 User Benefits 7
3.3 Single line diagram of how relay connected to the transformer 8
4. Switchgear Protection 9
4.1 Busbar Protection 9
4.2 The important issues of switchgear protection can be summarized 9
4.3 The requirements for good protection 9
4.4 330kV Busbars 10
4.5 Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) 10
4.5.1 Functional Block Diagram (GE Multilin) 11
4.5.2 Substation Monitoring (Human Machine Interface) 11
4.6 Differential Busbar Protection 12
5. Line Protection 15
5.1 Line Distance Protection 15
5.2 IED61850 Application 16
5.3 Distance IED Communications Application 18
7. Conclusion 20
1. Introduction
The aim of the project is to design the protection solution for the given system which has to be in
compliance with IEC61850 standard. It is also required to work out the infrastructure of the next
generation power system communications including the communication and telecommunication
protocols.
2. Generator Protection
Industrial and commercial power systems may include generators as a local source of energy.
These generators supply all or part of the total energy required, or they provide emergency
power if the normal source of energy fails. The application of generators can be classified as
single-isolated generators, multiple-isolated generators, unit-connected generators,
cogeneration generators, and induction generators. Generator protective schemes vary
depending on the objectives to be achieved. Generator protection requires the consideration
of many abnormal conditions that are not present with other system elements.
• Overheating
• Stator (due to overload or loss of cooling)
• Rotor (due to overexcitation, loss of cooling)
• Winding faults
• Stator (phase and ground faults)
• Rotor (ground faults and shorted turns)
• Overspeed and underspeed
• Overvoltage
• Loss of excitation
• Motoring
• Unbalanced current operation
• Out of step
• Subsynchronous oscillations
• Inadvertent energization
• Nonsynchronized connection
Reduced relay to relay wiring and associated installation costs through high-
high-speed inter-relay
communications.
Redundant architecture for dependability and security
security.
Networking interfaces – 100Mbit Fiber Optic Ethernet, RS485, RS232, RS422, G.703, and
C37.94.
Multiple Protocols - IEC61850, DNP 3.0 Level 2, Modbus RTU, Modbus TCP/IP, IEC60870
IEC60870-5-
104, Ethernet Global Data (EGD).
(EGD)
Figure 3
For our particular system single line diagram showing VT & CT connections is given
below:
Generator Protection
87
81O/81U
67N
59N CT/VT Connection
27P/27TN
24
GE G60 Multilin IED
110V
VT Metering
Generator Protection
GE G60 – Multilin
IED
200MVA
Generator
Protection Employed
87
81O/81U
67N
59N
50G/51G
27P/27TN
24
22kV/330kV
Transformer
Figure 4
Three CT’s and one VT were used to implement the generator protection and the protection
functions employed were:
3. Transformer protection
Transformers are high capital cost assets in electrical power systems. Elimination of all electrical and
mechanical stresses desirable to preserve transformer life is impractical. Adaptive techniques to
measure and alarm in such instances and advise on service duty can help to schedule preventive
maintenance.
Internal faults are a risk for all transformers. With short circuits dissipating the highest lacalized
energy. Unless cleared quickly the possibility to rewind windings reduces and core damages may
become irreparable.
The MiCOM P642, P643 and P645 from AREVA address all the issues - preserving service life, and
offering fast protection for transformer faults. The P642 incorporates differential, REF, thermal, and
overfluxing protection, plus backup protection for uncleared external faults. So we decided to use
P642 as it is cheap and suitable for our substation design.
3.1 Key Features
• High-speed transformer differential protection. A proven 2nd harmonic current scheme is used
• Simple setting – wizard requires only nameplate data
• Restricted earth fault (REF) boosts trip sensitivity
• Voltage, frequency, thermal and overfluxing elements
• CT, VT, trip circuit and self-supervision:
• Patented CT supervision ensures no trip for CT or wiring failures
• Integrated backup overcurrent per winding
• Readily interfaces to multiple automation protocols, including IEC 61850
4. Switchgear Protection
4.1 Busbar Protection
Busbars are one of the most important components in a substation. There can be open busbars in an
outdoor switch yard or contained inside a metal clad cubicle restricted within a limited enclosure with
minimum phase-to-phase and phase-to ground clearances. Busbars form an electrical node where
many circuits come together, feeding in and feeding out power.
It is very clear that for any reason the busbars fails, it could lead to shutdown of all distribution loads
connected through them, even if the power generation is normal and the feeders are operating
normally.
The successful protection can be achieved subject to compliance with the following:
• Speed
– Limit damage at fault point
– Limit effect on fault stability
• Selectivity
– Trip only the faulted equipment
– Important for busbars divided into zones
• Stability
– Not to operate for faults outside the zone
– Most important for busbars
– Stability must be guaranteed
5. Line Protection
This part of the report will be covering the transmission line protection of the substation. The main
faults that can occur on the transmission lines are:
• Line to Line
• Line to ground
• Double line to ground
• Three phase line to ground
These faults can be caused by simply things such as birds, snakes, bushfires, and branches falling on
to the line. They can also be caused by lightning and deterioration of insulation. This section will be
focusing on the four transmission lines for the 2 buses which have to lines each as shown below.
The way in which The ABB REL 760 relay is connected to the transmission line is in the Dual breaker
configuration instead of a simply configuration which uses 1 VT and 1 CT. The Dual breaker
configuration uses 2 VTs and 2VTs it will cost more but is a lot more reliable. The connection scheme
can be seen in figure 3.
The second relay used in the system is the GE D90Plus (figure 4) . The D90Plus is also fully
IEC61850 and also features back up protection such as time over current. The D90Plus is also
selected because of the fact that it can use fibre optic communication.
The D90Plus is connected on the same scheme as the ABB in which it is connected in a Dual breaker
scheme with 2 VTs and 2 CTs.(Figure 5) Figure 4. GE D90Plus
7. Conclusion
The IEC61850 standard will become the most widely used standard for substation communications.
The main features being interoperability, reliability (easy to replace IED’s with different vendor IED’s),
advanced protection, advanced automation and control (smart grid compatibility), advanced metering
and easier/simplified human interface with the power system.