Exercise 10.

3 (Solutions)
MathCity.org Page 332
Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry for Class XI
Merging man and maths Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 3.0
Question # 1
Find the values of sin 2α ,cos 2α and tan 2α when:
12 3 π
(i) sin α = (ii) cosα = where o < α <
13 5 2
Solution
12 π
(i) sin α = ; 0 <α <
13 2
Since cosα = ± 1 − sin 2 α
As α is in the first quadrant so value of cos is +ive

cosα = 1 − sin 2 α

2
 12  144 25 5
= 1−   = 1− = ⇒ cosα =
 13  169 169 13
12
sin α 12
and tan α = = 13 ⇒ tan α =
cosα 5 5
13
Now sin 2α = 2sin α cosα
 12  5  120
= 2    ⇒ sin 2α =
 13  13  169

cos 2α = cos 2 α − sin 2 α

2 2
 5   12  25 144 119
=  −  = − ⇒ cos 2α =
 13   13  169 169 169
2α tan
tan 2α =
1 − tan 2 α

=
( )
2 12
5 =
24
5 =
24
5 = − 24 ⋅ 25
2
( )
1 − 12 1 − 144 −119 5 119
5 25 25
120
⇒ tan 2α =
119

3 π
(ii) cosα = ; 0 <α <
5 2
Hint: First find sin α and tan α then solve as above

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FSc I - 10.3 - 2

Prove the following identities (Question 2 – 13)

Question # 2
cot α − tan α = 2cot 2α
cosα sin α cos 2 α − sin 2 α
Solution L.H.S = cot α − tan α = − =
sin α cosα sin α cosα
2 2
2(cos α − sin α ) 2 cos 2α
= = = 2cot 2α = R.H.S
2sin α cosα sin 2α
Question # 3
sin 2α
= tan α
1 + cos 2α
Solution 1 + cos 2α
2
sin 2α 2sin α cosα ∵ cos α =
L.H.S = = 2
1 + cos 2α 2cos 2 α 2
∴ 2 cos α = 1 + cos 2α
sin α
= = tan α = R.H.S
cosα
Question # 4
1 − cos α α
= tan
sin α 2
Solution
α α 1 − cos α
1 − cosα 2sin 2 ∵ sin
2
=
L.H.S = = 2 2 2
sin α α α α
2sin cos ∵ 2sin
2
= 1 − cos α
2 2 2
α α α
sin
= 2 = tan α = R.H.S sin α = 2sin
2
cos
2
α 2
cos
2
Question # 5
cos α − sin α
= sec 2α − tan 2α
cos α + sin α
Solution
cosα − sin α
L.H.S =
cosα + sin α
cosα − sin α cosα − sin α
= ×
cosα + sin α cosα − sin α
(cosα − sin α ) 2 cos 2 α + sin 2 α − 2sin α cosα
= =
cos 2 α − sin 2 α cos 2α
1 − sin 2α 1 sin 2α
= = − = sec 2α − tan 2α = R.H.S
cos 2α cos 2α cos 2α

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 FSc I - 10.3 - 3

Question 6
α α
1 + sin α sin + cos
= 2 2
1 − sin α sin α − cos α
2 2
1 + sin α α α
Solution L.H.S = ∵ sin
2
+ cos
2
=1
1 − sin α 2 2
α α α α α α
sin 2 + cos 2 + 2sin cos sin α = 2sin cos
= 2 2 2 2 2 2
2α 2α α α
sin + cos − 2sin cos
2 2 2 2
2
 α α α α
 sin + cos  sin + cos
= 
2 2 2 2
= = R.H.S
 α α
2
α α
sin − cos
 sin − cos  2 2
 2 2
Question # 7
cosecθ + 2cosec 2θ θ
= cot
secθ 2
cosecθ + 2cosec 2θ
Solution L.H.S =
secθ
1 2
+
 1 2 
= sin θ sin 2θ = cosθ  + 
1  sin θ 2sin θ cosθ 
cosθ
 1 1   cosθ + 1 
= cosθ  +  = cosθ  
 sin θ sin θ cosθ   sin θ cosθ 
θ
cosθ + 1 2cos 2
= = 2 = cot θ = R.H.S
sin θ θ θ 2
2sin cos
2 2
Question # 8
1 + tan α tan 2α = sec 2α
 sin α  sin 2α 
Solution L.H.S = 1 + tan α tan 2α = 1 +   
 cosα  cos 2α 
cosα cos 2α + sin α sin 2α cos(2α − α )
= =
cosα cos 2α cosα cos 2α
cosα 1
= = = sec 2α = R.H.S
cosα cos 2α cos 2α

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FSc I - 10.3 - 4

Question # 9
2sin θ sin 2θ
== tan 2θ tan θ
cosθ + cos3θ ∵ cos3θ = 4 cos3 θ − 3cosθ
2sin θ sin 2θ 1 + cos 2θ
Solution L.H.S = ∵ cos 2 θ =
cosθ + cos3θ 2
2sin θ sin 2θ 2
∴ 2cos θ − 1 = cos 2θ
=
cosθ + 4cos3 θ − 3cosθ
2sin θ sin 2θ 2sin θ sin 2θ
= =
4cos3 θ − 2cosθ 2cosθ (2cos 2 θ − 1)
sin θ sin 2θ
= = tan θ tan 2θ = tan 2θ tan θ = R.H.S
cosθ cos 2θ
Question # 10
sin 3θ cos3θ
− =2
sin θ cosθ
sin 3θ cos3θ sin 3θ cosθ − cos3θ sin θ
Solution L.H.S = − =
sin θ cosθ sin θ cosθ
sin ( 3θ − θ ) sin 2θ 2sin θ cosθ
= = = = 2 = R.H.S
sin θ cosθ sin θ cosθ sin θ cosθ
Question # 11
cos3θ sin 3θ
+ = 4cos 2θ
cosθ sin θ
cos3θ sin 3θ cos3θ sin θ + sin 3θ cosθ
Solution L.H.S = + =
cosθ sin θ sin θ cosθ
sin(θ + 3θ ) sin 4θ 2sin 2θ cos 2θ
= = =
sin θ cosθ sin θ cosθ sin θ cosθ
2(2sin θ cosθ )cos 2θ
= = 4cos 2θ = R.H.S
sin θ cosθ
Question # 12
θ θ
tan + cot
2 2 = secθ
θ θ
cot − tan
2 2
θ θ θ θ
sin cos sin 2 + cos 2
2 + 2 2 2
θ θ θ θ θ θ
tan + cot cos sin sin cos
Solution L.H.S = 2 2 = 2 2 = 2 2
θ θ θ θ θ θ
cot − tan cos sin cos 2 − sin 2
2 2 2− 2 2 2
θ θ θ θ
sin cos sin cos
2 2 2 2
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 FSc I - 10.3 - 5

θ θ
sin 2 + cos 2 1
= 2 2 = = secθ = R.H.S
θ θ cosθ
cos 2 − sin 2
2 2
Question # 13
sin 3θ cos3θ
+ = 2cot 2θ
cosθ sin θ
sin 3θ cos3θ sin 3θ sin θ + cos3θ cosθ
Solution L.H.S = + =
cosθ sin θ sin θ cosθ
cos(3θ − θ ) cos 2θ 2cos 2θ
= = =
sin θ cosθ sin θ cosθ 2sin θ cosθ
2cos 2θ
= = 2cot 2θ = R.H.S
[[
sin 2θ
Question # 14
Reduce sin 4 θ to an expression involving only functions of multiples of θ raised to
the first power.
2
2  1 − cos 2θ 
Solution 4
( 2
sin θ = sin θ = 

) 2


1 − 2cos 2θ + cos 2 2θ 1
=
4 4
(
= 1 − 2cos 2θ + cos 2 2θ )
1 1 + cos 4θ  1  2 − 4cos 2θ + 1 + cos 4θ 
= 1 − 2cos 2θ +  =  
4 2  4 2 
1
= ( 3 − 4cos 2θ + cos 4θ )
8
Question # 15
Find the values ofsin θ and cosθ , without using table or calculator, when θ
(i)18 (ii)36 (iii)54 (iv) 72
Solution
(i) Let θ = 18 ⇒ 5θ = 90 ⇒ 3θ + 2θ = 90 ⇒ 2θ = 90 − 3θ
sin 2θ = sin(90 − 3θ )
⇒ sin 2θ = cos3θ ∵ cos3θ = 4cos3 θ − 3cosθ
⇒ 2sin θ cosθ = 4cos θ − 3cosθ
3
∴ sin 2θ = 2sin θ cos θ
⇒ 2sin θ = 4cos 2 θ − 3 ÷ing by cosθ
⇒ 2sin θ = 4(1 − sin 2 θ ) − 3
⇒ 2sin θ = 4 − 4sin 2 θ − 3 ⇒ 2sin θ = 1 − 4sin 2 θ
⇒ 4sin 2 θ + 2sin θ − 1 = 0
This is quadratic in sin θ with a = 4 , b = 1 and c = −1

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FSc I - 10.3 - 6

−2 ± (2) 2 − 4(4)(−1) −2 ± 4 + 16 −2 ± 20
sin θ = = =
2(4) 8 8
−2 ± 2 5 −1 ± 5
= =
8 8
Since θ = 18 lies in the first quadrant so value of sin can not be negative therefore
−1 + 5 5 −1
sin θ = ⇒ sin18 = ∵ θ = 18
4 4
Now
2
 5 −1
2
cos 18 = 1 − sin 18 2
⇒ cos 18 = 1 − 
2

 4 
2

⇒ cos 18 = 1 −
2
( ) 5 − 2 5 +1
5 − 2 5 +1
=1−
16 16
6−2 5 16 − 6 + 5 10 + 2 5
=1− = =
16 16 16
10 + 2 5 10 + 2 5
⇒ cos18 = ⇒ cos18 =
16 4

1 + cos 2θ
(ii) Since cos 2 θ =
2
⇒ cos 2θ = 2cos θ − 1
2

⇒ cos 2(18) = 2cos 2 (18) − 1

2
 10 + 2 5 
⇒ cos36 = 2   −1
 4 
 
 10 + 2 5  10 + 2 5
= 2  −1 = −1
 16  8
10 + 2 5 − 8 2+2 5 1+ 5
= = ⇒ cos36 =
8 8 4
Now sin 2 36 = 1 − cos 2 36
2

=1− 
1+ 5 
2
1+ 2 5 + ( ) 5
 =1−
 2  16
1+ 2 5 + 5 6+2 5
=1− =1−
16 16
16 − 6 − 2 5 10 − 2 5
= =
16 16
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 FSc I - 10.3 - 7

10 − 2 5 10 − 2 5
⇒ sin 36 = ⇒ sin 36 =
16 4

(iii) Now sin(90 − 36) = cos36 ∵ sin(90 − θ ) = cosθ

1+ 5
⇒ sin 54 = cos36 ⇒ sin 54 =
4
And cos(90 − 36) = sin 36

10 − 2 5
⇒ cos54 = sin 36 ⇒ cos54 =
4

(iv) Now sin(90 − 18) = cos18 ∵ sin(90 − θ ) = cosθ

10 + 2 5
⇒ sin 72 = cos18 ⇒ sin 72 =
4
and cos(90 − 18) = sin18
5 −1
⇒ cos 72 = sin18 ⇒ cos 72 =
4

Alternative Method for Q # 15 (iii)

Let θ = 54 ⇒ 5θ = 270 ⇒ 3θ + 2θ = 270 ⇒ 2θ = 270 − 3θ
sin 2θ = sin(270 − 3θ )
⇒ sin 2θ = sin(3(90) − 3θ ) ∵ cos3θ = 4cos3 θ − 3cosθ
⇒ sin 2θ = − cos3θ ∴ sin 2θ = 2sin θ cosθ
⇒ 2sin θ cosθ = −(4cos θ − 3cosθ )
3

⇒ 2sin θ cosθ = − 4cos3 θ + 3cosθ )

⇒ 2sin θ = − 4cos 2 θ + 3 ÷ing by cosθ
⇒ 2sin θ = − 4(1 − sin 2 θ ) + 3
⇒ 2sin θ = − 4 + 4sin 2 θ + 3 ⇒ 2sin θ = 4sin 2 θ − 1
⇒ 4sin 2 θ − 2sin θ − 1 = 0
This is quadratic in sin θ with a = 4 , b = 1 and c = −1
−(−2) ± (−2) 2 − 4(4)(−1) 2 ± 4 + 16 2 ± 20
sin θ = = =
2(4) 8 8
2±2 5 1± 5
= =
8 4
Since θ = 54 lies in the first quadrant so value of sin can not be negative therefore

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FSc I - 10.3 - 8

1+ 5 1+ 5
sin θ = ⇒ sin 54 = ∵ θ = 54
4 4

Now
2
1+ 5 
2 2
cos 54 = 1 − sin 54 ⇒ cos 54 = 1 − 
2

 4 
2

⇒ cos 2 54 =1−
( 5) + 2 5 +1
5 + 2 5 +1
=1−
16 16
6+2 5 16 − 6 − 5 10 − 2 5
=1− = =
16 16 16
10 − 2 5 10 − 2 5
⇒ cos54 = ⇒ cos54 =
16 4

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Book: Exercise 10.3 (Page 332)

Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI
Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.

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