Skills in Mathematics - Trigonometry For JEE Main and Advanced - Extracted

JEE Type Solved Examples :
Single Option Correct Type Questions

l Ex. 1. In the inequality below, the value of the angle is
expressed in radian measure. Which one of the inequalities = 2sin 2x + 4 cos 2x + 5
below is true? \ R f = [ 5 – 20, 5 + 20 ]
(a) sin1 < sin 2 < sin3 (b) sin3 < sin 2 < sin 1
Hence, ( M + m ) = 10.
(c) sin 2 < sin1 < sin3 (d) sin3 < sin1 < sin 2
Alternate Method
Sol. (d) We have, sin 1 - sin 2
tan 2 x 4 tan x 9
3 1 f (x ) = + +
= - 2 cos × sin < 0 1 + tan 2 x 1 + tan 2 x 1 + tan 2 x
2 2
= sin 2 x + 2sin 2x + 9 cos 2 x
sin 3 sin 1 sin 2 = 1 + 4(1 + cos 2x ) + 2sin 2x
\ sin 1 < sin 2 = 5 + 2sin 2x + 4 cos 2x
Similarly sin 1 - sin 3 …(i)
p p p
= - 2 cos 2 sin 1 > 0 l Ex. 4. The value of 4 cos - 3 sec - tan is equal to
10 10 10
Þ sin 1 > sin 3 …(ii)
(a) 1
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
sin 3 < sin 1 < sin 2 (b) 5 - 1
(c) 5 + 1
l Ex. 2. In a DABC, ÐB < ÐC and the values of B and C (d) zero
satisfy the equation 2 tan x - k (1 + tan 2 x ) = 0, where 3
Sol. (d) We have, 4 cos 18° - - 2 tan 18°
(0 < k < 1). Then, the measure of ÐA is cos 18°
p 2p 4 cos 2 18° - 3 - 2sin 18°
(a) (b) =
3 3 cos 18°
p 3p 2(1 + cos 36° ) - 2sin 18° - 3
(c) (d) =
2 4 cos 18°
2(1 + cos 36° - sin 18° ) - 3
Sol. (c) Qk =
2 tan x
= sin 2x =
1 + tan 2 x cos 18°
æ 1ö
Þ sin 2C = sin 2B 2 ç1 + ÷ - 3
è 2ø
But ÐC > ÐB = =0
cos 18°
p
Þ 2C = p - 2B Þ B + C =
2 p
p l Ex. 5. For 0 < A < , the value of
\ ÐA = 2
2
æ 1 2 ö
log 1 ç + ÷ is equal to
2 è 1 + 2 cos A sec A + 2 ø
2 2
l Ex. 3. If M and m are maximum and minimum value of
tan 2 x + 4 tan x + 9 (b) - 1
the function f ( x ) = , then (M + m ) (a) 1
1 + tan 2 x (c) 2 (d) 0
equals æ 1 2 ö
Sol. (d) As, ç + ÷
(a) 20 (b) 14 è 1 + 2 cos 2
A sec 2
A + 2 ø
(c) 10 (d) 8 æ 1 2 cos 2 A ö
tan x + 4 tan x + 9
2 =ç + ÷
è 1 + 2 cos A 1 + 2 cos A ø
2 2
Sol. (c) Given, f ( x ) =
1 + tan 2 x
(1 + 2 cos 2 A )
2(2 tan x ) æ 1 - tan 2 A ö = =1
= + 4 ç ÷ +5 (1 + 2 cos 2 A )
1 + tan 2 x è 1 + tan A ø
2
Hence, log 1 (1) = 0.
2
Chap 01 Trigonometric Functions and Identities 53
1 1 1 - sin 2q + cos 2q
l Ex. 6. The sum + Sol. (a) f (q ) =
sin 45° sin 46° sin 47° sin 48° 2 cos 2q
1 1 (cos q - sin q )2 + (cos 2 q - sin 2 q )
+ +¼ + is equal to =
sin 49° sin 50° sin 133° sin 134° 2(cos q - sin q ) (cos q + sin q )
(cos q - sin q ) + (cos q + sin q )
(a) sec (1° ) (b) cosec (1° ) =
2(cos q + sin q )
(c) cot(1° ) (d) None of these
2 cos q 1
1 é sin( 46° - 45° ) ù 1 = =
Sol. (b) T1 = ê ú = [cot 45° - cot 46° ] 2(cos q + sin q ) 1 + tanq
sin 1° ë sin 45° sin 46° û sin 1°
1 1
1 é sin( 48° - 47° ) ù f (11° ) × f (34° ) = ×
T2 = (1 + tan 11° ) (1 + tan 34° )
sin 1° êë sin 48° sin 47° úû
1 1
1 = ×
= [cot 47° - cot 48° ] (1 + tan 11° ) (1 + tan( 45° - 11° ))
sin 1°
1 1
1 é sin(133° - 134° ) ù = ×
Tl = (1 + tan 11° ) 1 + 1 - tan 11°
sin 1° êë sin 133° sin 134° úû 1 + tan 11°
1 1 1 + tan 11° 1
= [cot 133° - cot 134° ] = × =
sin 1° (1 + tan 11° ) 2 2
On adding
l
1
åT
r =1
r =
sin 1°
[{cot 45° + cot 47° l Ex. 9. The variable ‘x’ satisfying the equation
sin x cos x + 2 + tan 2 x + cot 2 x = 3 , belongs to the
+ cot 49° + ¼+ cot 133° }
- {cot 46° + cot 48° + cot 50° + ¼+ cot 134° }] interval
= cosec 1° é pù ép pù
(a) ê0, ú (b) ê , ú
[all terms cancelled except cot 45° remains] ë 3û ë3 2û
Ex. 7. The range of k for which the inequality é3p ù
(c) ê , p ú (d) Non-existent
k cos 2 x - k cos x + 1 ³ 0 " x Î ( -¥, ¥), is ë 4 û
-1 Sol. (d) sin x cos x + tan x + cot x = 3
(a) k < (b) k < 4
2 1
Þ sin x cos x + = 3
-1 1 sin x cos x
(c) £k £ 4 (d) £ k £ 5
2 2 1
Sol. (c) We have
but sin x cos x + ³2
sin x cos x
k cos 2 x - k cos x + 1 ³ 0 " x Î ( -¥, ¥ )
Hence, no solution.
Þ k (cos 2 x - cos x ) + 1 ³ 0
2
æ 1ö 1 l Ex. 10. Let a be a real number such that 0 £ a £ p. If
But cos 2 x - cos x = ç cos x - ÷ -
è 2ø 4 f ( x ) = cos x + cos( x + a ) + cos( x + 2a ) takes some constant
Þ
1
- £ cos 2 x - cos x £ 2
number c for any x Î R, then the value of [c + a ] is equal to
4 Note [y] denotes greatest integer less than or equal to y.
k
\ We have, 2k + 1 ³ 0 and - + 1 ³ 0 (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) 2
4
1 Sol. (d) f ( x ) = cos x + cos( x + 2a ) + cos( x + a )
Hence, - £ k £ 4.
2 = 2cos( x + a ) cos a + cos( x + a)
= (2 cos a + 1)cos( x + a )
1 - sin 2q + cos 2q As cos( x + a ) can take any real value from - 1 to 1, "x Î R
l Ex. 8. If f (q ) = , then value of
2 cos 2 q \ f ( x ) is constant, so (2 cos a + 1) = 0 must hold.
f (11° ) × f (34° ) equals 2p
Þ a= and c = 0
3
1 3 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1 é 2p ù
2 4 4 Hence, [c + a ] = ê0 + =2
ë 3 úû
54 Textbook of Trigonometry
l Ex. 11. In a DABC, if 4 cos A cos B + sin 2 A Sol. (d) ( S cos A )2 + ( S sin A )2 = 9
+ sin 2B + sin 2C = 4, then DABC is S(cos 2 A + sin 2 A ) + 2( S cos A cos B + sin A sin B )
(a) right angle but not isosceles 3 + 2S cos( A - B ) £ 3 + 2(3) = 9.
(b) isosceles but not right angled Equality holds if A = B = C
(c) right angle isosceles Þ DABC is equilateral Þ Infinite many equilateral
(d) obtuse angled [Note We can vary side length of equilateral triangle]
Sol. (c) We have, 4 cos A cos B + 4 sin A sin B sin C = 4
p p p p
1 - cos A cos B l Ex. 14. If cosec + cosec + cosec + cosec +
Þ sin C = £1 32 16 8 4
sin A cos B p p
Þ 1 £ sin A sin B + cos A cos B cosec = cot , then the value of k is
2 k
Þ cos( A - B ) ³ 1
(a) 64 (b) 96 (c) 48 (d) 32
1 - cos 2 A
Þ A = B and sin C = =1 æ qö
sin 2 A sin çq - ÷
è 2ø p
\ C = 90° S o l . (a) T1 = cosec q = ;q =
q 32
p sin sin q
and A = B = (each). 2
4 q
p T1 = cot - cot q
Ex. 12. For q 1 , q 2 , ¼, q n Î æç 0, ö÷ , if 2
è 2ø T 2 = cot q - cot 2q ù
ln (sec q 1 - tan q 1 ) + ln (sec q 2 - tan q 2 ) +¼ + T 3 = cot 2q - cos 22 q ú
ú sum = 1 + cot q - cot 8q
ln (sec q n - tan q n ) + ln p = 0, then the value of T 4 = cot 22 q - cos 23 q ú 2
cos ((sec q 1 + tan q 1 ) (sec q 2 + tan q 2 ) ¼¼ (sec q n + tan q n )) ú
T5 = 1 û
is equal to q
Sum = 1 + cot - cot 8q
æ 1ö 2
(a) cos ç ÷ (b) - 1
èpø p p p p
= 1 + cot - cot = cot = cot \ k = 64
(c) 1 (d) 0 64 4 64 k
Sol. (b) ln {(sec q 1 - tan q 1 )(sec q 2 - tan q 2 ) ¼ (sec q n - tan q n )} 5
p
ì 1ü l Ex. 15. Let S = å cos( 2r - 1) and
= ln í ý 11
î pþ r =1
p 1 - sin x
4
æ pö
[Note If 0 < x < , sec x - tan x = > 0] P = Õ cos ç 2 r ÷ , then
2 cos x r =1 è 15 ø
1 (a) log S P = - 4 (b) P = 3S
\ (sec q 1 - tan q 1 ) (sec q 2 - tan q 2 ) ¼ (sec q n - tan q n ) =
p (c) cosec S > cosec P (d) tan-1 P < tan-1 S
…(i)
5
p
Let (sec q 1 + tan q 1 ) (sec q 2 + tan q 2 ) ¼ Sol. (d) We have, å cos(2r - 1) 11
(sec q n + tan q n ) = x …(ii) r =1
On multiplying Eqs. (i) and (ii) we get p 3p 5p 7p 9p

= cos + cos + cos + cos + cos
x 11 11
144444444244444444 11 11 11
3
1= cosine series
p
æ 5p ö æ 5p ö æ 10p ö
\ x=p 2 . cos ç ÷ . sin ç ÷ sin ç ÷
è 11 ø è 11 ø è 11 ø 1
\ cos ((secq1 + tan q1 ) (sec q2 + tan q2 ) ¼ (sec qn + tan qn )) = = =
p æpö 2
= cos p = - 1 2 × sin 2 × sin ç ÷
11 è 11 ø
l Ex. 13. If A, B, C are interior angles of DABC such that p
æ pö 2p 4p 8p 16p
Also, P cos ç2r ÷ = cos . cos . cos . cos
(cos A + cos B + cos C ) 2 + (sin A + sin B + sin C ) 2 = 9, then
r =1 è 15 ø 15 15 15 15
number of possible triangles is æ 32p ö æ 2p ö
sin ç ÷ sin ç2p + ÷
è 15 ø è 15 ø
(a) 0 (b) 1 = =
æ 2p ö æ 2p ö
(c) 3 (d) infinite 24 ×sin ç ÷ 16× sin ç ÷
è 15 ø è 15 ø
æ 2p ö (a) sin a, sin b , sin c

sin ç ÷
è 15 ø 1 (b) cos a,cos b , cos c
= =
æ 2p ö 16 (c) sin 2a, sin 2b , sin 2c
16 ×sin ç ÷
è 15 ø (d) cos 2a, cos 2b , cos 2c
Therefore, tan -1 P < tan -1 S. Sol. (b) Equation first can be written as
x sin a + y ´ 2 sin a cos a + z ´ sin a(3 - 4 sin 2 a )
l Ex. 16. Set of values of x lying in [0, 2p] satisfying the = 2 ´ 2 sin a cos a cos 2a
inequality | sin x | > 2 sin 2 x contains Þ x + 2y cos a + z (3 + 4 cos 2 a - 4 )
æ p ö æ 7p ö æ 7p ö = 4 cos a(2 cos 2 a - 1) as sin a ¹ 0
(a) ç0, ÷ È ç p, ÷ (b) ç0, ÷
è 6ø è 6 ø è 6 ø Þ 8 cos 3 a - 4z cos 2 a - (2y + 4 ) cos a + (z - x ) = 0
p æz ö æy + 2ö æz - x ö
(c) (d) None of these Þ cos 3 a - ç ÷ cos 2 a - ç ÷ cos a + ç ÷ =0
6 è2ø è 4 ø è 8 ø
Sol. (a) | sin x | > 2 sin 2 x which shows that cos a is a root of the equation
Þ |sin x | (2 | sin x | - 1) < 0 æz ö æy + z ö æz - x ö
t 3 = ç ÷t 2 - ç ÷t + ç ÷ =0
Þ 0 < | sin x | <
1 è2ø è 4 ø è 8 ø
2 Similarly, from second and third equation we can verify
æ p ö æ 5p ö æ 7 p ö æ 11p ö that cos b and cos care the roots of the given equation.
Þ x Î ç0, ÷ È ç , p ÷ È ç p, ÷Èç , 2p ÷
è 6ø è 6 ø è 6 ø è 6 ø
l Ex. 20. Let a and b be any two positive values of x for
l Ex. 17. The number of ordered pairs ( x , y ), when which 2 cos x, | cos x | and 1 - 3 cos 2 x are in GP. The
æ 1ö 2 minium value of | a + b | is
x , y Î[0, 10 ] satisfying ç sin 2 x - sin x + ÷ × 2 sec y £ 1 is
è 2ø p p
(a) (b)
3 4
(a) 0 (b) 16 p
(c) infinite (d) 12 (c) (d) None of these
2
2
1 æ 1ö 1 1 Sol. (d) Q2 cos x, | cos x |, 1 - 3 cos 2 x are in GP.
Sol. (b) sin 2 x - sin x + = çsin x - ÷ + ³ , "x
2 è 2ø 2 2 \ cos 2 x = 2 cos x × (1 - 3 cos 2 x )
sec 2 y
and sec 2 y ³ 1, "y, so 2 ³ 2. Hence, the above inequality Þ 6 cos 3 x + cos 2 x - 2 cos x = 0
1 1 2
holds only for those values of x and y for which sin x = \ cos x = 0, , -
2 2 3
and sec 2 y = 1. p p æ 2ö
p 5p 13p 17 p \ x = , , cos - 1 ç- ÷ [Qa, b are positive]
Hence, x = , , , and y = 0, p, 2p, 3p. Hence, 2 3 è 3ø
6 6 6 6 p p
required number of ordered pairs are 16. If a = ,b =
2 3
Ex. 18. The least values of cosec 2 x + 25 sec 2 x is p
l
Then, | a - b | =
6
(a) 0 (b) 26
(c) 28 (d) 36 n
l Ex. 21. Let n be an odd integer. If sin nq = å br sin r q
Sol. (d) cosec 2 x + 25 sec 2 x = 26 + cot 2 x + 25 tan 2 x
r=0
= 26 + 10 + (cot x - 5 tan x )2 ³ 36 for all real q, then
(a) b 0 = 1, b1 = 3 (b) b 0 = 0, b1 = n
l Ex. 19. If x sin a + y sin 2a + z sin 3a = sin 4a (c) b 0 = - 1, b1 = n (d) b 0 = 0, b1 = n 2 - 3n - 3
x sin b + y sin 2b + z sin 3b = sin 4b n
x sin c + y sin 2c + z sin 3c = sin 4c Sol. (b) Given, sin nq = åb

r=0
r sinr q = b 0 + b1 sin q + b 2 sin 2 q
Then, the roots of the equation + ... + bn sinn q ...(i)

æzö æy + 2ö æ z - x ö Putting q = 0 in Eq. (i), we get 0 = b 0
t 3 - ç ÷t 2 - ç ÷t + ç ÷ = 0, a, b, c ¹ np, are
è 2ø è 4 ø è 8 ø
n
Hence, LHS = RHS
Again, Eq. (i) can be written as sin nq = åb r sinr q
p 5p p
r=0
But q¹ , ,
sin nq n 4 4 2
= å br sinr - 1 q ì p pü
sin q r=0 Hence, q Î(0, p) ~ í , ý
On taking limit as q ® 0, we get î 4 2þ
sin nq
= b1 p p
Ex. 24. If cos x + sin x = a æç - < x < - ö÷ , then cos 2x
lim
q ® 0 sin q l
è 2 4ø
æ sin q ö æ q ö
Þ lim n ç ÷ ç ÷ = b1 is equal to
q® 0 è nq ø è sin q ø
(a) a 2 (b) a ( 2 - a )
Þ n = b1
Hence, b 0 = 0; b1 = n (b) a ( 2 + a ) (d) a ( 2 - a 2 )
p p æ p ö
l Ex. 22. The minimum and maximum values of Sol. (d) Q - < x < - ç - p < 2x < - , i.e , in III quadrant ÷
2 4 è 2 ø
ab sin x + b (1 - a 2 ) cos x + c (| a | < 1, b > 0 ) respectively are Þ cos x + sin x = a
(a) {b - c , b + c } (b) {b + c , b - c } Squaring both sides cos 2 x + sin 2 x + 2 cos x sin x = a 2
(c) {c - b , b + c } (d) None of these Þ sin 2x = (a 2 - 1)
Sol. (c) ab sin x + b (1 - a 2 ) cos x cos 2x = 1 - (a 2 - 1)2
Now, (ab )2 + (b (1 - a 2 ))2 = a 2 (2 - a 2 )
= a 2b 2 + b 2 (1 - a 2 ) = a (2 - a 2 )
= b (a 2 + 1 - a 2 ) = b
p 2p (n - 1) p
Þ b {(a sin x + (1 - a 2 ) cos x )}
l Ex. 25. If S = cos 2 + cos 2 + ... + cos 2 , then
2 n n
Let, a = cos a, S equals
\ (1 - a ) = sin a
2
n 1
(a) (b)
Þ b sin ( x + a ) 2(n + 1) 2(n - 1)
Q - 1 £ sin(x + a) £ 1 (c)
1
(d)
n
\ c - b £ b sin ( x + a) + c £ b + c 2(n - 2) 2
\ b sin ( x + a) + c Î [c - b, c + b ] p 2p p
Sol. (c) S = cos 2 + cos 2 + ... + cos 2 (n - 1)
n n n
sin 3 q - cos 3 q cos q é 2p 4p 6p ù
l Ex. 23. If - 1 + cos + 1 + cos + 1 + cos
sin q - cos q (1 + cot 2 q ) 1ê n n n ú
ê ú
2ê p ú
-2 tan q cot q = -1, q Î[0,2 p ] , then + ... + 1 + cos 2(n - 1)
êë n úû
æ p ö ì pü æ p ö ì3 p ü
(a) q Î ç0, ÷ - í ý (b) q Î ç , p ÷ - í ý 1é n -1
2kp ù
è 2 ø î 4þ è2 ø î 4 þ = ên - 1 + å cos ú
2ë k =1 n û
æ 3p ö ì 5p ü ì p pü
(c) q Î ç p, ÷ -í ý (d) q Î (0, p) - í , ý 1 1
è 2ø î4þ î 4 2þ = [n - 1 - 1] = (n - 2)
2 2
sin 3 q - cos 3 q
Sol. (d) = sin 2 q + cos 2 q + sin q cos q,
sin q - cos q l Ex. 26. If cos 5q = a cos q + b cos 3 q + c cos 5 q + d , then
p 5p
q¹ , (a) a = 20 (b) b = - 30
4 4
= 1 + sin q cos q (c) a + b + c = 2 (d) a + b + c + d = 1
cos q cos q p
and = = sin q cos q " q Î (0, p) Sol. (d) Put q = in the given inequality, we get d = 0
2
(1 + cot q ) | cosec q |
2
Put q = 0 in the given inequality, we get

p
and - 2 tan q cot q = - 2, q ¹ a+b+c +d =1 ...(i)
2 So, (d) is correct and (c) is not correct.
Now differentiate both sides with respect to q, we get Sol. (b) AB = 0

- 5 sin q = - a sin q - 3 b cos 2 q sin q é cos 2 a cos a sin a ù é cos 2 b cos b sin b ù
Þê úê ú
- 5c cos q sin q ...(ii) ë cos a sin a sin 2 a û ë cos b sin b sin 2 b û
4
p é0 0ù
Put q= , then a = 5 ...(iii) =ê ú
2 ë0 0û
p
Again putting q = in the given expression or in (2), we é cos a cos b cos(a - b) cos a sin b cos(a - b )ù
4 Þê ú
get ë cos b sin a cos(a - b ) sin a sin b cos(a - b) û
4a + 2b + c = - 4 ...(iv) é0 0ù
=ê ú
From (i), (iii) and (iv) we have b = - 20 and c = 16 ë0 0û
[Note We have found correct answer at the second step Þ cos(a - b) =0
only however the complete solution is desired for better
understanding of the solution.] l Ex. 29. If k 1 = tan 27q - tan q
Alternates Solution
sin q sin 3q sin 9q
cos 5q = cos(2q + 3q) = cos 2q cos 3q - sin 2q sin 3q and k 2 = + + then,
= (2 cos 2 q - 1) ( 4 cos 3 q - 3 cos q) cos 3q cos 9q cos 27q
- (2sin q cos q) (3 sin q - 4 sin 3 q) (a) k 1 = k 2
(b) k 1 = 2k 2
= 8 cos 5 q - 10 cos 3 q + 3 cos q - 2(1 - cos 2 q)
(c) k 1 + k 2 = 2
cos q {3 - 4(1 - cos 2 q)} (d) k 2 = 2k 1
= 8 cos 5 q - 10 cos 3 q + 3 cos q - 2(cos q - cos 3 q ) Sol. (b) We can write
( 4 cos 2 q - 1) = 16 cos 5 q - 20 cos 3 q + 5 cos q. k1 = tan 27q - tan 9q + tan 9q - tan 3q + tan 3q - tan q
sin 3q cos q - cos 3q sin q
But tan 3q - tan q =
l Ex. 27. If A and B are acute positive angles satisfying the cos 3q cos q
equations 3 sin 2 A + 2 sin 2 B =1 and sin 2q
=
3 sin 2 A - 2 sin 3B = 0, then A + 2B is equal to cos 3q cos q
p p 2 sin q
(a) (b) =
4 2 cos 3q
3p 2p
(c) (d) é sin 9q sin 3q sin q ù
4 \ k1 = 2 ê + + = 2k 2
3q úû
3
ë cos 27 q cos 9 q cos
Sol. (b) From the given relations, we have
æ3ö
Ex. 30. If a 2 - 2a cos x + 1 = 674 and tan æç ö÷ = 7 then
sin 2B = ç ÷ sin 2A and 3 sin 2 A = 1 - 2 sin 2 B = cos 2B l
x
è2ø
è 2ø
so that
the integral value of a is
cos( A + 2B ) = cos A cos 2B - sin A sin 2B
(a) 25 (b) 49
æ3ö
= cos A × 3 sin 2 A - ç ÷ sin A sin 2A (c) 67 (d) 74
è2ø
æ ö
x
= 3 cos A sin 2 A - 3 sin 2 A cos A = 0 1 - tan 2 ç ÷
è2ø
p Sol. (a) 674 = a - 2a
2
+1
A + 2B = 2 æx ö
2 1 + tan ç ÷
è2ø
1 - 49
é cos 2 a cos a sin aù = a 2 - 2a ´ +1
lEx. 28. If A = ê and 1 + 49
ëcos a sin a sin 2 a úû
48
é cos 2 b = a 2 + 2a ´ +1
cos b sin bù 50
B=ê
ëcos b sin b sin 2 b úû Þ 25a 2 + 48a - 673 ´ 25 = 0
are two matrices such that AB is the null matrix, then Þ (a - 25) (25a + 673) = 0
(a) a = b (b) cos(a - b) = 0 Þ a = 25 (taking the integral value of a ).
(c) sin(a - b) = 0 (d) None of these
l Ex. 31. The maximum value of (cos a 1 ) (cos a 2 ) ... é p p ù

or A = 2 ê cos sin x + sin cos x ú
p ë 4 4 û
(cos a n ) under the restriction 0 £ a 1 , a 2 , ..., a n £ and
2 ép ù
= 2 sin ê + x ú
(cot a 1 ) (cot a 2 ) K(cot a n ) =1 is ë4 û
1 1 Again, by Eq. (i)
(a) (b)
n
2n é p p ù
2 2 A = 2 êsin sin x + cos cos x ú
1 ë 4 4 û
(c) (d) 1 ép ù
2n = 2 cos ê - x ú
Sol. (a) From the given relations we have ë4 û
n n
P (cos a i ) = P (sin a i ) p
i =1 i =1 l Ex. 33. Let 0 £ q £ and x = X cos q +Y sin q,
n n n
æ sin 2a i ö 2
Þ P (cos 2 a i ) = P (cos a i sin a i ) = P ç ÷ y = X sin q - Y cos q such that x 2 + 2 xy + y 2 = aX 2 + bY 2 ,
i =1 i =1 i = 1è 2 ø
p where a and b are constant, then
Since, 0 £ ai £ Þ 0 £ 2a i £ p p
2 (a) a = - 1, b = - 3 (b) q =
n
1 2
\ P (cos 2 a i ) £ n as max. value of sin2a i is 1 for all i. p
i =1 2 (c) a = 3, b = - 1 (d) q =
n
1 3
Þ P (cos a i ) £ n
i =1 Sol. (c) x 2 + y 2 = X 2 + Y 2 ,
22
xy = ( X 2 - Y 2 )sin q × cos q - XY (cos 2 q - sin 2 q)
1
So, the maximum value of the given expression is n
. x 2 + 4 xy + y 2 = X 2 + Y 2 + 2( X 2 - Y 2 )
22
sin 2q - 2XY cos 2q
3
sin x cos x3 = (1 + 2 sin 2q) X 2 + (1 - 2 sin 2q )Y 2 - 2 cos 2q × XY
l Ex. 32. The value of expression + From the question,
1 + cos x 1 - sin x
a = 1 + 2sin 2q, b = 1 - 2 sin 2q, cos 2q = 0
is/are
p
ép ù ép ù cos 2q = 0 Þ q = , then
(a) 2 cos ê - x ú (b) 2 cos ê + x ú 4
ë 4 û ë 4 û p p
a = 1 + 2 sin , b = 1 - 2sin
ép ù 2 2
(c) 2 sin ê - x ú (d) None of these
ë4 û \ a = 3, b = - 1
sin 3 x cos 3 x
Sol. (a) Let + = A, then p
1 + cos x 1 - sin x l Ex. 34. If 0 < x < and sin n x + cos n x ³1, then
2
(sin 3 x + cos 3 x ) + (cos 4 x - sin 4 x )
A= (a) n Î [ 2, ¥ ) (b) n Î ( - ¥, 2]
(1 + cos x ) (1 - sin x )
(c) n Î [ - 1, 1] (d) None of these
{(sin 3 x + cos 3 x )}
p
ì(cos x + sin x ) (cos x - sin x )ü Sol. (b) Since, 0 < x <
+í 2
ý
(cos 2 x + sin 2 x ) \ 0 < sin x < 1 and 0 < cos x < 1
or A= î þ
(1 + cos x ) (1 - sin x ) when x = 2, sinn x + cosn x = 1
(sin x + cos x ) {(1 - sin x cos x ) when n > 2, both sinn x and cosn x will decreases and hence
+ (cos x - sin x )} sinn x + cosn x < 1.
or A=
1 + cos x - sin x - sin x cos x when n > 2, both sinn x and cosn x will increase and hence
or A = sin x + cos x sinn x + cosn x > 1.
é 1 1 ù Thus, sinn x + cosn x ³ 1 for n £ 2.
or A= 2ê sin x + cos x ú ...(i)
ë 2 2 û
p 5p 7p 3 1 æ 1 + cos 4q ö 7 1
l Ex. 35. If a = sin sin sin , and x is the solution = + ç ÷ = + cos 4q
18 18 18 4 4 è 2 ø 8 8
the equation y = 2 [ x ] + 2 and y = 3 [ x - 2 ], where [ x ] 3 æ1ö
\ £ A £ 1 Þ f ç ÷ £ A £ f ( 0)
denotes the integral part of x, then a is equal to 4 è4ø
1
(a) [ x ] (b)
[x ] 2p 4p 6p
l Ex. 37. The value of cos + cos + cos is equal to
(c) 2 [ x ] (d) [ x ]2 7 7 7
p 5p 7p (a) 1 (b) - 1
Sol. (b) a = sin sin sin 1 1
18 18 18 (b) (c) -
= sin 10° sin 50° sin 70° 2 2
1 æ 2p ö æ 4p ö æ 6p ö
= [2 sin 70° sin 10° ] sin 50° Sol. (d) cos ç ÷ + cos ç ÷ + cos ç ÷
2 è7 ø è 7 ø è7 ø
1
= [cos 60° - cos 80° ] sin 50° ì 2 pi 4 pi 6 pi
ü
= Re íe 7 + e 7 + e 7 ý
2
î þ
1 1
= sin 50° - (2 cos 80° sin 50° ) 2 pi 4 pi 6 pi - 4 pi - 4 pi - 6 pi
4 4 e 7
+e 7
+e 7
+e 7
+e 7
+e 7
1 1 =
= sin 50° - (sin 130° - sin 30° ) 2
4 4 æ 2 pi 4 pi 6 pi - 2 pi - 4 pi - 6 pi
ö
1 1 1 1 1 - 1 + çç1 + e 7 + e 7 + e 7 + e 7 + e 7 + e 7 ÷÷
= sin 50° - sin 50° + × = è ø
4 4 4 2 8 =
2
y = 2 [ x ] + 2 and y = 3 [ x - 2]
- 1 + (Sum of seven roots of unity)
Þ 2 [ x ] + 2 = 3 [ x - 2] =
2
= 3 [ x ] + 3 [ - 2] Þ [ x ] = 8
-1+0 1
1 = =-
\ a= 2 2
[x ]
l Ex. 38. The number of integral value of k for which the
l Ex. 36. If the mapping f ( x ) = ax + b, a < 0 and maps equation 7 cos x + 5 sin x = 2k + 1 has a solution is
[ -1, 1] onto [0, 2 ], then for all values of q, A = cos 2 q + sin 4 q (a) 4 (b) 8
is such that (c) 10 (d) 12
æ 1ö Sol. (b) Since, - a 2 + b 2 £ a sin x + b cos x £ a 2 + b 2
(a) f ç ÷ £ A £ f (0) (b) f (0) £ A £ f ( - 2)
è4ø
\ - 74 £ 7 cos x + 5 sin x £ 74
æ 1ö
(c) f ç ÷ £ A £ f (0) (d) f ( - 1) < A £ f ( - 2) So, - 74 < 2k + 1 < 74
è3 ø
Therefore, 2k + 1 = ± 8, ± 7, ± 6, ..., ± 1, 0
Sol. (a) Given, f ( x ) = ax + b
So, k = - 4, ± 3, ± 2, ± 1, 0, so, 8 values of k.
\ f ¢( x ) = a
Since, a < 0, f ( x ) is a decreasing function
sin 4 x - cos 4 x + sin 2 x cos 2 x
\ f ( - 1) = 2 and f (1) = 0 l Ex. 39. If y = ,
sin 4 x + cos 4 x + sin 2 x cos 2 x
Þ - a + b = 2 and a + b = 0
\ a = - 1 and b = 1 æ pö
x Î ç 0, ÷ , then
Thus, f (x ) = - x + 1 è 2ø
æ1ö 3 3 1 1
Clearly, f (0) = 1, f ç ÷ = , f ( - 2) = 3, (a) - £y £ (b) 1 £ y £
è4ø 4 2 2 2
æ1ö 2 5
f ç ÷ = , f ( - 1) = 2 (c) - £ y £ 1 (d) None of these
è3ø 3 3
2 sin 4 x - cos 4 x + sin 2 x cos 2 x
1 + cos 2q æ 1 - cos 2q ö Sol. (d) y =
Also, A = +ç ÷ sin 4 x + cos 4 x + sin 2 x cos 2 x
2 è 2 ø
(sin 2 x - cos 2 x ) (sin 2 x + cos 2 x ) + sin 2 x cos 2 x
1 1 1 1 1
= + cos 2q + - cos 2q + cos 2 2q =
2 2 4 2 4 (sin 2 x + cos 2 x )2 - sin 2 x cos 2 x
1 Sol. (a) a sin x + b cos( x + q) + b cos( x - q) = d

- cos 2x + sin 2 2x
= 4 Þ a sin x + 2b × cos x × cos q = d
1
1 - sin 2 2x Þ | d | £ a 2 + 4b 2 × cos 2 q
4
- 4 cos 2x + 1 - cos 2 2x d 2 - a2 d 2 - a2
= Þ £ cos 2
q Þ | cos q | ³
4 - 1 + cos 2 2x 4b 2 2|b |
1 - 4 cos 2x - cos 2 2x
= l Ex. 42. The set of values of l ÎR such that
3 + cos 2 2x
tan 2 q + sec q = l holds for some q is
Þ (1 + y ) cos 2 2x + 4 cos 2x + 3y - 1 = 0
(a) ( - ¥, 1] (b) ( - ¥, - 1]
Since cos 2x is real, we have
(c) f (d) [1, ¥ )
16 - 4(3y - 1) (1 + y ) > 0
or 3y 2 + 2y - 5 £ 0 Sol. (d) Q tan 2 q + sec q = l
5 Þ sec 2 q + sec q - 1 - l = 0
or (3y + 5) (y - 1) £ 0 Þ - £y £1
3 - 1 ± ( 4 l + 5)
\ sec q =
p 2
But y = 1 implies cos 2x = - 1 i.e. x = which is not
2 5
for real sec q, 4 l + 5 ³ 0 i.e, l ³ -
permissible. 4
But we know that
l Ex. 40. The distance between the two parallel lines is 1 sec q £ - 1 and sec q ³ 1
unit. A pont ‘A’ is chosen to lie between the lines at a
- 1 ± ( 4 l + 5) - 1 ± ( 4 l + 5)
distance ‘d’ from one of them. Triangle ABC is equilateral \ £ - 1 and ³1
2 2
with B on one line and C on the other parallel line. The
length of the side of the equilateral triangle is Þ - 1 - ( 4 l + 5) £ - 2 and - 1 + ( 4 l + 5) ³ 2
2 2 d2 - d + 1 Þ ( 4 l + 5) ³ 1 and ( 4 l + 5) ³ 3
(a) d +d +1 (b) 2
3 3 Þ 4l + 5 ³ 3
(c) 2 d - d + 1
2
(d) d - d + 1
2
or 4 l + 5 ³ 9 or l ³ 1
Sol. (b) From, figure \ l Î [1, ¥ )
x cos(q + 30° ) = d ...(i) ¥ ¥
p
and x sin q = 1 - d ...(ii) l Ex. 43. For 0 < f, , if x = å cos 2n f, y = å sin 2n f and
1+d 2 n=0 n=0
Dividing 3 cot q = , squaring Eq. (ii) and putting the ¥
1-d
value of cot q, we get
z= å cos
n=0
2n
f sin 2n f, then
1
x 2 = ( 4d 2 - 4d + 4 ) (a) xyz = xz + y (b) xyz = xy + y
3 (c) xyz = x + y + z (d) xyz = yz + x
B L1
Sol. (c) We have,
1–d θ ¥
x x= å cos
n=0
2n
f = 1 + cos 2 f + cos 4 f + ...
A 30°+θ
d L2 1 1
= =
C 1 - cos 2 f sin 2 f
60°+θ
1 1
Similarly, y = =
l Ex. 41. If a sin x + b cos( x + q) + b cos( x - q) = d, then 1 - sin 2 f cos 2 f
the minimum value of | cos q | is equal to 1
and z=
1 1 1 - sin 2 f cos 2 x
(a) d 2 - a2 (b) d 2 - a2
2|b | 2|a| 1 xy
\ z= =
1 1 xy - 1
(c)
1
d 2 - a2 (d) None of these 1- ×
2|d | x y
Þ xyz = xy + z
x y x y 2a 2 sin a sin b cos(a - b )

l Ex. 44. If cos a + sin a =1, cos b + sin b =1 and
a b a b + 2b 2 cos a cos b cos(a - b )
=a2 + b2 +
cos a cos b sin a sin b sin 2 (a - b )
+ = 0, then
a2 b2 2a 2b 2 cos(a - b )
= a2 + b2 +
b (x + a )
2 2 2
sin 2 (a - b )
(a) tan a tan b =
a 2 (y 2 + b 2 ) é sin a sin b cos a cos b ù
ê + ú [from Eq. (iii)]
(b) x 2 + y 2 = a 2 + b 2 ë b2 a2 û
a2 =a +b +0=a +b
2 2 2 2
(c) tan a tan b =
b2 Thus, x 2 + y 2 = a2 + b2
(c) None of the above
Now, x 2 + y 2 = a2 + b2
x y
Sol. (b) cos a + sin a = 1 ...(i) Þ x 2 - a 2 = - (y 2 - b 2 )
a b
x y x 2 - a2
cos b + sin b = 1 ...(ii) Þ = -1
a b y 2 - b2
cos a × cos b sin a × sin b b 2( x 2 - a 2 ) b2
+ =0 ...(iii) Þ =- 2
a2 b2 a (y - b )
2 2 2
a
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get = tan a tan b [from Eq. (iii)]
sin a - sin b
x =a Ex. 45. If a, b, g are acute angles and cos q = sin b/sin a,
sin(a - b )
cos f = sin g/sin a and cos(q - f) = sin b sin g, then the
cos b - cos a
and y =b value of tan 2 a - tan 2 b - tan 2 g is equal to
sin(a - b )
(a) - 1 (b) 0
a 2 (sin a - sin b )2 + b 2 (cos b - cos a )2
Now, x 2 + y 2 = (c) 1 (d) 2
sin 2 (a - b )
Sol. (b) From the third relation we get
a 2 (sin 2 a sin 2 b ) + b 2 (cos 2 a + cos 2 b) cos q cos f + sin q sin f = sin b sin g
- 2(a 2 sin a sin b + b 2 cos a cos b ) Þ sin 2 q sin 2 f = (cos q cos f - sin b sin g )2
=
sin 2 (a - b ) æ sin 2 b ö æ sin 2 g ö
Þ ç1 - ÷ ç1 - ÷
a (sin a + sin b) + b (cos a + cos b )
2 2 2 2 2 2
è sin 2 a ø è sin 2 a ø
=
sin 2 (a - b ) 2
æ sin b sin g ö
[from Eq. (iii)] =ç - sin b sin g ÷
è sin 2
a ø
a 2 {sin 2 a + sin 2 b - sin 2 (a - b )}
Þ (sin 2 a - sin 2 b ) (sin 2 a - sin 2 g )
+ b 2 {cos 2 a + cos 2 b - sin 2(a - b )}
= a2 + b2 + = sin 2 b sin 2 g (1 - sin 2 a )2
sin 2 (a - b )
1 Þ sin 4 a (1 - sin 2 b sin 2 g)
=a +b +
2 2
sin 2 (a - b) - sin 2 a(sin 2 b + sin 2 g - 2 sin 2 b sin 2 g ) = 0

é æsin 2 a + sin 2 b - sin 2 a cos 2 b ö ù sin 2 b + sin 2 g - 2 sin 2 b sin 2 g
\ sin 2 a =
ê 2ç ÷ ú 1 - sin 2 b sin 2 g
êa ç - cos a sin b + 2 sin a sin b ÷
2 2
ú
ê ç cos a cos b ÷ ú 1 - sin 2 b - sin 2 g + sin 2 b sin 2 g
cos 2 a =
ê è ø and
ú 1 - sin 2 b sin 2 g
ê ì cos a(1 - sin b) ü
2 2 ú
ê ï ï ú sin 2 b - sin 2 b sin 2 g + sin 2 g - sin 2 b sin 2 g
ê 2 ï + cos 2 b(1 - sin 2 a ) ï ú Þ tan 2 a =
+ b í ý cos 2 b - sin 2 g (1 - sin 2 b )
ê ú
ê ï + 2 sin a sin b sin a ï ú sin 2 b cos 2 g + cos 2 b sin 2 g
êë ïîsin b cos a cos b ïþ úû =
cos 2 b cos 2 g
= tan 2 b + tan 2 g
Þ tan a - tan 2 b - tan 2 g = 0
2
l Ex. 46. If 2 cos A = cos B + cos 3 B, and x1 x c -a

tan × tan 2 =
2 2 c +a
2 sin A = sin B - sin 3 B then sin( A - B ) =
x x
1 tan 1 + tan 2
(a) ± 1 (b) ± æ x1 + x 2 ö 2 2
2 Thus, tan ç ÷=
è 2 ø x1 x
1 1 1 - tan tan 2
(c) ± (d) ± 2 2
3 4 2b
Sol. (c) 2 cos A = cos B + cos 3 B ...(i) c +a b2
= =
and 2 sin A = sin B - sin B 3
...(ii) æc - a ö a
1- ç ÷
Þ 2 sin A cos B - 2 cos A sin B èc + a ø
= (sin B - sin 3 B ) cos B - (cos B + cos 3 B ) sin B
l Ex. 48. The minimum value of the function
= - sin B cos B
sin x cos x
-1 f (x ) = +
Þ sin( A - B ) = sin 2B 1 - cos x
2
1 - sec 2 x
2 2
Now squaring and adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get tan x cot x
+ + whenever it is defined is
2 = cos 2 B + sin 2 B + cos 6 B + sin 6 B sec x - 1
2
cosec 2 x - 1
+ 2(cos 4 B - sin 4 B ) (a) 4 (b) - 2
Þ 1 = (cos 2 A + sin 2 A )3 - 3 cos 2 A sin 2 (c) 0 (d) 2
A (cos 2 A + sin 2 A ) + 2 cos 2B Sol. (b) f ( x ) =
sin x
+
cos x
æ3ö 1 - cos 2 x 1 - sin 2 x
Þ 1 = 1 - ç ÷ sin 2 2B + 2 cos 2B
è4ø tan x cot x
+ +
Þ - 3 sin 2 2B + 8 cos 2B = 0 sec 2 x - 1 cosec 2 x - 1
Þ 3 cos 2 2B + 8 cos 2B - 3 = 0 sin x cos x tan x cot x
= + + +
1 | sin x | | cos x | | tan x | | cot x |
Þ cos 2B =
3 ì 4, x Î 1st quadrant
ï - 2, x Î 2nd quadrant
Þ sin 2B = ±
2 2 ï
=í
ï 0, x Î 3rd quadrant
3
1 ïî - 2, x Î 4 th quadrant
\ sin( A - B ) = ±
3
f ( x )min. = -2
l Ex. 47. If x 1 and x 2 are two distinct roots of the equation p
x + x2
l Ex. 49. If 0 < a < , then a(cosec a) is
a cos x + b sin x = c , then tan 1 is equal to 6
2 p p
a b (a) less than (b) greater than
(a) (b) 6 6
b a p p
c a (c) less than (d) greater than
(c) (d) 3 3
a c Sol. (c) In the graph of y = sin x . Let
Sol. (b) a cos x + b sin x = c æp pö
A º (a, sin a), B = ç , sin ÷
æ xö x è6 6ø
a ç1 - tan 2 ÷ 2b tan
è 2ø 2 =c
Þ + y
2 x 2 x
1 + tan 1 + tan B
2 2
x x A
Þ (c + a ) tan 2 - 2b tan + c - a = 0
2 2
x1 x2 2b
Þ tan + tan = , x
2 2 c +a O α π/6
Clearly, slope of OA > slope of OB, so Sol. (d) In the second quadrant, sin x < cos x is false, as sin x
p is positive and cos x is negative.
sin
sin a 6 = 3 Þ a < p. In the fourth quadrant, cos x < tan x is false, as cos x is
>
a p p sin a 3 positive and tan x is negative.
6 æ 5p 3p ö
In the third quadrant, i.e. ç , ÷ if tan x < cot x then
è 4 2 ø
l Ex. 50. In which one of the following intervals the
tan 2 x < 1, which is false.
inequality sin x < cos x < tan x < cot x can hold good? æ pö
Now, sin x < cos x is true in ç0, ÷ and tan x < cot x is
æ 7p ö æ3p ö è 4ø
(a) ç , 2p ÷ (b) ç , p ÷
è 4 ø è 4 ø also true.
æ 5p 3 p ö æ pö (sin x )
(c) ç , ÷ (d) ç0, ÷ Further, cos x < tan x , as tan x = and cos x < 1.
è 4 2 ø è 4ø (cos x )

More than One Correct Option Type Questions
1 l Ex. 52. The value of the expression
l Ex. 51. If x Î(0, p ) and cos x + sin x = , then tan x is
2 p 2p 4p 8p
tan + 2 tan + 4 tan + 8 cot is equal to
equal to 7 7 7 7
4- 7 4+ 7 2p 2p p p
(a) (b) (a) cosec + cot (b) tan - cot
3 3 7 7 14 14
- (4 + 7 ) -4+ 7 2p p 2p
(c) (d) sin 1 + cos + cos
3 3 (c) 7 (d) 7 7
2p p 2p
1 1 - cos sin + sin
S o l . (c,d) Given, cos x + sin x = 7 7 7
2
p 2p 4p 8p p
1 Sol. (a,c,d) tan + 2 tan + 4 tan + 8 cot = cot
Þ 1 + sin 2x = 7 7 7 7 7
4
p
3 [tan q + 2 tan 2q + 4 tan 4q + 8 cot 8q = cot q when q = ]
sin2x = - Þ 2x Î( p, 2p ) 7
4
1 + cot 2q p
æp ö (a) cosec 2q + cot 2q = = cot q = cot
Þ x Î ç , p÷ Þ tan x < 0 sin 2q 7
è2 ø
p
2t 3 (where, q = )
=- Þ 8t = - 3 - 3t 2
7
1+t 2
4 p p p
(b) tan - cot = - 2 cot
Þ 3t 2 + 8t + 3 = 0, where t = tan x 14 14 7
- 8 ± 64 - 36 2p p p
t = ; sin 2sin cos
2 ×3 (c) 7 = 7 7 = cot p
2p 2 p 7
- 8 ± 28 1 - cos 2sin
t = ; 7 7
2 ×3
æ 2p ö p p p
- (4 + 7 ) ç1 + cos ÷ + cos 2 cos 2 + cos
t = è 7 ø 7 7 7
3 (d) =
p p p pæ p ö
-4+ 7 2sin cos + sin 2sin ç cos + 1÷
or = 7 7 7 7è 7 ø
3 p
= cot
7
l Ex. 53. Two parallel chords are drawn on the same side 1 1
-
of the centre of a circle of radius R. It is found that they tan x - tan y 2 3
Also, tan( x - y ) - =
subtend and angle of q and 2q at the centre of the circle. The 1 + tan x tan y æ1ö æ1ö
1 + ç ÷ç ÷
perpendicular distance between the chords is è2ø è3ø
3q q æ1ö æ 6 ö 1
(a) 2R sin sin =ç ÷ç ÷=
2 2 è6ø è7 ø 7
æ qöæ qö Now, verify alternatives.
(b) ç1 - cos ÷ ç1 + 2 cos ÷ R
è 2øè 2ø
æ qöæ qö
lEx. 55. If 2 cos q + 2 2 = 3 sec q, where q Î(0, 2 p ), then
(c) ç1 + cos ÷ ç1 - 2 cos ÷ R which of the following can be correct?
è 2øè 2ø
3q q 1
(d) 2R sin sin (a) cosq = (b) tanq = 1
4 4 2
q 1
Sol. (b,d) OM = p 1 = R cos (c) sinq = - (d) cotq = - 1
2 2
ON = p 2 = R cosq O S o l . (a,b,c,d) 2 cosq + 2 2 = 3sec q
æ q ö R \ 2 cos 2 q + 2 2 cos q - 3 = 0
MN = p 1 - p 2 = R ç cos - cos q ÷ θ θ
è 2 ø 2 -2 2 ± 32 - 2 2 ± 4 2
3q q
A N B cosq = =
= R 2sin sin (d) 4 4
4 4 C M D
1 3
q \ cosq = or cosq = - (rejected)
Again convert cos q = 2 cos 2 - 1 and factorise, we get 2 2
2
p 7p 1
= R(1 - cos q /2)2 (1 + 2 cos q /2) \ q = or Þ sinq = - ;
4 4 2
cot q = - 1 ; tanq = 1
l Ex. 54. If 2x and 2y are complementary angles and
tan( x + 2y ) = 2, then which of the following is(are) correct ? l Ex. 56. The value of x in (0, p / 2) satisfying the equation,
1 1
(a) sin( x + y ) = (b) tan( x - y ) = 3 -1 3 +1
2 7 + = 4 2 is
sin x cos x
(c) cot x + cot y = 5 (d) tan x tany = 6
p 5p
p (a) (b)
Sol. (b,c) We have, 2x + 2y = 12 12
2
p 1 7p 11p
Þ x +y = Þ sin( x + y ) = (c) (d)
4 2 24 36
æp ö 3 -1 3 +1
Also, y = ç - x ÷, Sol. (a,d ) + =2
è4 ø 2 2 sin x 2 2 cos x
æ p ö p p
So, tan( x + 2y ) = tan ç x + - 2x ÷ sin cos x + cos sin x = sin 2x
è 2 ø 12 12
æp ö æ pö
= tan ç - x ÷ = cot x sin 2x = sin ç x + ÷
è2 ø è 12 ø
1 p
\ 2 = cot x Þ tan x = \ 2x = x +
2 12
æp ö p
Similarly, x = ç - y÷ or 2x = p - x -
è4 ø 12
p
æp ö 1 + tan y x=
So, tan( x + 2y ) = tan ç + y ÷ = 12
è4 ø 1 - tan y
11p
1 + tan y 1 or 3x =
Þ 2= Þ tany = 12
1 - tan y 3
p 11p
coty = 3 \ x= or
12 36
l Ex. 57. Which of the following statements are always Þ 3(1 - m 2 ) tan 2 q + ( 4m 2 + 6m - 4 ) tan q - 8m = 0
correct? (where, Q denotes the set of rationals) Þ (3 tan q - 4 ) [(1 - m )2 tan q + 2m ] = 0
(a) cos 2q ÎQ and sin2q ÎQ Þ tanq ÎQ (if defined) 4 2m
which is true if tan q = or tan q = .
(b) tanq ÎQ Þ sin 2q , cos 2q and tan2q ÎQ (if defined) 3 ( m 2 - 1)
(c) If sinq ÎQ and cosq ÎQ Þ tan3q ÎQ (if defined)
(d) If sin q ÎQ Þ cos3q ÎQ l Ex. 60. If x cos a + y sin a = x cos b
Sol. (a,b,c) æ pö
1 - cos 2q + y sin b = 2a ç 0 < a, b < ÷ , then
(a) tanq = Þ (a) is correct è 2ø
sin 2q
2 tanq 1 - tan2 q 4ax
(b) sin 2q = ; cos 2q = ; (a) cos a + cos b =
1 + tan q
2
1 + tan2 q x2 + y2
2 tanq 4a 2 - y 2
tan 2q = Þ (b) is correct (b) cos a cos b =
1 - tan2 q x2 + y2
sin3q (c) sin a + sin b =
4ay
(c) tan3q = Þ (c) is correct
cos 3q x2 + y2
1 4a 2 - x 2
(d) sinq = which is rational but (d) sin a sin b =
3 x2 + y2
cos 3 q = cos q ( 4 cos 2 q - 3 ) which is irrational Þ (d) is
Sol. (a, b, c, d) We find out the given relations that a and b
incorrect.
are the roots of the equation
x cos q + y sin q = 2a
l Ex. 58. In DABC, tan B + tan C = 5 and tan A tan C = 3,
Þ ( x cos q - 2a )2 = ( - y sin q) 2
then
Þ x 2 cos 2 q - 4ax cos q + 4a 2
(a) DABC is an acute angled triangle
(b) DABC is an obtuse angled triangle = y 2 sin 2 q = y 2 (1 - cos 2 q)
(c) sum of all possible values of tanA is 10 Þ ( x 2 + y 2 )cos 2 q - 4ax cos q + 4a 2 - y 2 = 0
(d) sum of all possible values of tanA is 9 which, being quadratic in cos q, has two roots cos a and
Sol. (a,c) tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A tan B tan C cos b, such that
4ax
Þ tan A + 5 = 3 tan B cos a + cos b = 2
Þ 5 + tan A = 3(5 - tan C ) x + y2
9 4a 2 - y 2
Þ 5 + tan A = 15 - and cos a cos b =
tan A x2 + y2
Þ tan 2 A - 10 tan A + 9 = 0 Similarly, we can write (1) as a quadratic in sin q, giving
Þ tan A = 1 or tan A = 9 two values sin a and sin b, such that
14 1 4ay
Þ tan B and tanC are 2, 3 or , , respectively sin a + sin b = 2
3 3 x + y2
Þ DABC is always on acute angled triangle and sum of all 4a 2 - x 2
possible values of tan A is 10. and sin a sin b = .
x2 + y2
l Ex. 59. (m + 2 ) sin q + ( 2m - 1) cos q = 2m + 1, if
l Ex. 61. Let y = sin 2 x + cos 4 x . Then, for all real x
3 4
(a) tan q = (b) tanq = (a) the maximum value of y is 2
4 3
2m 2m 3
(c) tanq = (d) tan q = (b) the minimum value of y is
(m 2 - 1) (m 2 + 1) 4
(c) y £ 1
Sol. (b, c) The given relation can be written as
1
(m + 2) tan q + (2m - 1) = (2m + 1) sec q (d) y ³
4
Þ (m + 2)2 tan 2 q + 2(m + 2) (2m - 1) tan q + (2m - 1)2
Sol. (b, c) y = cos 4 x - cos 2 x + 1
= (2m + 1)2 (1 + tan 2 q) 2
æ 1ö 3
Þ [(m + 22 ) - (2m + 1)2 ] tan 2 q + 2(m + 2) tan q + (2m - 1)2 = ç cos 2 x - ÷ +
è 2ø 4
- (2m + 1)2 = 0
3 æ 1ö
2
1 + n l2 + m2
\y min =and y is maximum when ç cos 2 x - ÷ is then (c) =
4 è 2ø 1- n 2n
maximum p
(d) a + b = if l = m
1 3 2
\ y max = + = 1
4 4 Sol. (a, b, c, d) Now, l 2 = sin 2 a + sin 2 b + 2 sin a sin b and
m 2 = cos 2 a + cos 2 b + 2 cos a cos b
l Ex. 62. If in DABC, tan A + tan B + tan C = 6 and 2 cos(a - b ) = l 2 + m 2 - 2 (by adding)
tan A tan B = 2, then sin 2 A : sin 2 B : sin 2 C is
Þ 2 cos 2a + cos 2b ) = m - l 2 2
(by subtracting)
(a) 8 : 9 : 5 (b) 8 : 5 : 9
Þ 2 cos(a + b) cos(a - b) + 2 cos(a + b) = m 2 - l 2
(c) 5 : 9 : 5 (d) 5 : 8 : 5
m2 -l 2
Sol. (b, c) tan A + tan B + tan C = 6 ...(i) Þ cos(a + b) = .
m2 + l 2
Þ tan A tan B tan C = 6
2 tan C = 6
\ tan C = 3
l Ex. 65. Let f ( x ) = ab sin x + b 1 - a 2 cos x + c , where
tan 2 C 9 9 | a | <1, b > 0 then
\ sin 2 C = = =
1 + tan 2 C 1 + 9 10 (a) maximum value of f ( x ) if b is c = 0
From Eq. (i), tan A + tan B = 3 and tan A tan B = 2 (b) difference of maximum and minimum values of f ( x ) is
2b
tan A - tan B
(c) f ( x ) = c if x = - cos - 1 a
= ± {(tan A + tan B )2 - 4 tan A tan B )}
(d) f ( x ) = c if x = cos - 1 a
= ±1
we get, tan A = 2, 1 and tan B = 1, 2 Sol. (a, b, c) f ( x ) = ab sin x + b 1 - a 2 cos x + c , where
4 1 1 4 | a | < 1, b < 0
\ sin 2 A = , and sin 2 B = ,
1+ 4 1+1 1+1 1+ 4 f ( x ) = a 2b 2 + b 2 - b 2a 2 sin( x + a ) + c
8 5 5 8 b 1 - a2 1 - a2
Þ sin 2 A = , and sin 2 B = , = b sin( x + a) + c , where tana = =
10 10 10 10 ab a
\ sin 2 A : sin 2 B : sin 2 C = 8 : 5 : 9 or 5 : 8 :9 ab
= b cos( x - a) + c , where tan a =
b 1 - a2
1
l Ex. 63. If 0 £ x, y £ 180° and sin( x - y ) = cos( x + y ) = , a
2 =
then the values of x and y are given by 1 - a2
(a) x = 45°, y = 15° (b) x = 45°, y = 135° f ( x )max - f ( x )min = c + b - (c - b ) = 2b
(c) x = 165°, y = 15° (d) x = 165°, y = 135° f ( x ) = c if x + a = 0
1 or x = - a or x = - cos - 1 a
Sol. (a, d) sin( x - y ) = Þ x - y = 30° or 150° (1)
2
1 l Ex. 66. If ( x - a ) cos q + y sin q
and cos( x + 1) = Þ x + y = 60° or 300° (2)
2 æqö æ fö
= ( x - a ) cos f + y sin f = a and tan ç ÷ - tan ç ÷ = 2b,
Since x and y lie between 0° and 180°, (1) and (2) are è 2ø è 2ø
simultaneously true when x = 45°, y = 15°, or x = 165°,
y = 135°. But, for the values given by (b) or (c), (1) and (2) do then
not hold simultaneously. q 1
(a) y 2 = 2ax - (1 - b 2 )x 2 = (y + bx )
(b) tan
2 x
l Ex. 64. If sin a + sin b = l, cos a cos b = m and f 1
(c) y 2 = 2bx - (1 - a 2 )x 2 (d) tan = (y - bx )
æa ö æbö 2 x
tan ç ÷ tan ç ÷ = n( ¹ 1), then
è2ø è 2ø æq ö æ fö
Sol. (a, b) Let, tan ç ÷ = a and tan ç ÷ = b, so that a - b = 2b.
è2ø è2ø
l2 + m2 - 2
(a) cos(a - b) = æq ö
2 1 - tan 2 ç ÷
m2 - l2 è2ø 1 - a2
(b) cos(a + b) = 2 Also, cos q = =
m + l2 æq ö 1 + a 2
1 + tan 2 ç ÷
è2ø
æq ö Also, from a + b =
2y
and a - b = 2b, we get
2 tan ç ÷
è2ø 2a x
And sin q = =
æq ö 1 + a 2 a
y
= + b and b = - b
y
1 + tan 2 ç ÷
è2ø x x
1 - b2 2b q 1
Similarly, cos f = and sin f = Þ tan = (y + bx )
1 + b2 1 + b2 2 x
f 1
Therefore, we have from the given relations and tan = (y - bx )
2 x
1 - a2 æ 2a ö
( x - a) +y ç ÷ =a
1+a 2
è1 + a 2 ø 3
l Ex. 67. If cos(b - g) + cos( g - a) + cos(a - b) = - then
Þ xa 2 - 2ya + 2a - x = 0 2
(a) S cos a = 0 (b) S sin a = 0
Similarly xb 2 - 2yb + 2a = 0
(c) S cos a sin a = 0 (d) S (cos a + sin a) = 0
We see that a and b are roots of the equation
Sol. (a, b, d) The given expression can be written as
xz 2 - 2yz + 2a - x = 0,
2 [cos b cos g + cos g cos a + cos a cos b ]
2y (2a - x )
So that a +b = and ab = . + 2 [sin b sin g + sin g sin a + sin a sin b ]
x x + (sin 2 a + cos 2 a ) + (sin 2 b + cos 2 b )
Now, from (a + b) 2 = (a - b) 2 + 4ab , we get + (sin 2 g + cos 2 g) = 0
2
æ 2y ö 4(2a - x ) Þ (cos a + cos b + cos g) 2 + (sin a + sin b + sin g) 2 = 0
Þ ç ÷ = (2b ) +
2
èxø x Þ S cos a = 0 and S sin a = 0

Þ y 2 = 2ax - (1 - b 2 )x 2 Þ S (cos a + sin a ) = 0

Statement I and II Type Questions
l Ex. 68. Statement I tan 5q - tan 3q - tan 2q l Ex. 70. Statement I If a , b, c Î R and not all equal, then
= tan 5q tan 3q tan 2q. (bc + ca + ab )
sec q = 2 ,
Statement II x = y + z (a + b 2 + c 2 )
Þ tan x - tan y - tan z = tan x tan y tan z Statement II sec q £ -1 and sec q ³1
(a) A (b) B (a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D (c) C (d) D
Sol. (a) Q5q = 3q + 2q Sol. (d) Qa 2 + b 2 + c 2 - ab - bc - ca
tan 3q + tan 2q
Þ tan 5q = tan(3q + 2q) = 1
= {(a - b )2 + (b - c )2 + (c - a )2 } > 0
1 - tan 3q tan 2q 2
Þ tan 5q - tan 5q tan 3q tan 2q = tan 3q + tan 2q Þ a 2 + b 2 + c 2 > ab + bc + ca
Þ tan 5q - tan 3q - tan 2q = tan 5q tan 3q tan 2q ab + bc + ca
or <1
a2 + b2 + c 2
l Ex. 69. Statement I The maximum value of
sin q + cos q is 2. Þ sec q < 1, which is false.
Statement II The maximum value of sin q is 1 and that of n
cos q is also 1. l Ex. 71. Statement I P (1 + sec 2 r q) = tan 2 n q cot q
r =1
(a) A (b) B n
sin( 2 n q)
(c) C (d) D Statement II P cos( 2 r - 1 q ) =
r =1 2 n sin q
Sol. (d) Q - 2 £ sin q + cos q £ 2
(a) A (b) B
\ Maximum value of sin q + cos q is 2
(c) C (d) D
But maximum value of sin q is 1 and that of cos q is also 1
which is always true.
n
æ 2p ö 3æ 4p ö
n P (1 + cos 2r q) \cos 3 a + cos 3 ça + ÷ + cos ça + ÷
Sol. (a) Q P (1 + sec 2 q) = r r =1 è 3 ø è 3 ø
r =1 n
P cos 2r q æ 2p ö æ 4p ö
r =1 = 3 cos a cos ça + ÷ cos ça + ÷
n è 3 ø è 3 ø
P 2 cos 2 (2r - 1 q)
r =1
= n l Ex. 74. Statement I sin 2 > sin 3
P cos(2r q)
r =1
æp ö
n
r -1
n
r -1
Statement II If x, y Î ç , p ÷ , x < y , then sin x > sin y
2 × P cos(2
n
r =1
q) P cos(2
r =1
q) è2 ø
=
cos(2 q)
n n
Sol. (a) y-axis
P cos(2r - 1 q)
cos q r = 1
2n × sin(2n q)
× cos q
2n sin q
=
cos (2n q) sin 2
= tan(2n q ) × cot q sin 3

X-axis
2 2 3
l Ex. 72. Statement I cos 36° > sin 36°
p
Statement II cos 36° > tan 36° l Ex. 75. Let a, b, g > 0 and a + b + g =
2
(a) A (b) B
a! b!
(c) C (d) D Statement I tan a tan b - + tan b tan g -
p 6 2
Sol. (b) Since, cos q > sin q for 0 £ q £
4 c!
+ tan g tan a - £ 0, where n ! = 1.2 .... n, then tan a tan b,
So, Statement I is true. 3
Now, cos 36° > tan 36° tan b tan g, tan g tan a are in AP.
sin 36°
Þ cos 36° > Statement II tan a tan b + tan b tan g + tan g tan a = 1
cos 36°
p
Þ cos 2 36° > sin 36° Sol. (d) Statement II a + b = -g
2
Þ 1 + cos 72° > 2 sin 36° = 2 sin(30° + 6° ) tan a + tan b 1
=
Þ 1 + 2 sin 9° cos 9° > cos 6° + 2 cos 30° sin 6° 1 - tan a tan b tan g
which is true Þ S tan a tan b = 1
\ Statement II is true.
2p
l Ex. 73. Statement I cos 3 a + cos 3 æç a + ö÷ Statement I tan a tan b =
a!
,
è 3 ø 6
æ 4p ö tan b tan g =
b!
+ cos 3 ç a + ÷
è 3 ø 2
c!
æ 2p ö æ 4p ö and tan a tan b =
= 3 cos a cos ç a + ÷ cos ç a + ÷ 3
è 3 ø è 3 ø a! b! c !
+ + =1
Statement II If a + b + c = 0 Û a 3 + b 3 + c 3 = 3abc 6 2 3
(a) A (b) B Þ a! = 1 b! = 1 c ! = 1
(c) C (d) D Þ tan a tan b, tan g tan a and tan b tan g are not in AP.
2p ö
æ æ 4p ö \Statement I is false.
Sol. (a) Q cos a + cos ça + ÷ + cos ça + ÷ Hence, (d) is the correct answer.
3 ø
è è 3 ø
p
= cos a + 2 cos(a + p) cos l Ex. 76. Statement I The triangle so obtained is an equi-
3
lateral triangle.
æ1ö
= cos a + ( - 2 cos a) ç ÷ = 0 Statement II If roots of the equation be tan A, tan B and
è2ø
tan C, then tan A + tan B + tan C = 3 3
Sol. (b) tan A + tan B + tan C = 3 3 Y

y=x2+x+1
and tan A tan B tan C = 3
\ tan A + tan B + tan C 1 3
− ,
2 4 y= sin x
¹ tan A tan B tan C
Þ triangle does not exists. X′ X
l Ex. 77. Let us define the function f ( x ) = x 2 + x + 1

Y′
Statement I The equation sin x = f ( x ) has no solution. 2
æ 1ö 3
Statement II The curve y = sin x and y = f ( x ) do not inter- Since, - 1 £ sin x £ 1 and y = ç x + ÷ +
è 2ø 4
sect each other when graph is observed.
It is clear from the graph that no two curves intersect each
Sol. (a) Let y = sin x and y = x 2 + x + 1 other.

Passage Based Questions
Passage I or kx 2 + (k + 1)x + (3k + 3) > 0 " x
(Ex. Nos. 78 to 80) k > 0ü
ýn
Consider, f ( x ) = ( x + 2a ) ( x + a - 4 ) (a Î R ), D < 0þ
g ( x ) = k ( x 2 + x ) + 3k + x (k Î R ) and Here, D = (k + 1)2 - 4k . 3(k + 1) < 0
h ( x ) = (1 - sin q )x 2 + 2 (1 - sin q )x - 3sin q Þ k 2 + 2k + 1 - 12k 2 - 12 < 0
æ p ö Þ 11k 2 + 10k - 1 > 0
çq Î R - ( 4n + 1) , n Î I ÷
è 2 ø Þ (k + 1)(11k - 1) > 0
1
Þ k < - 1 or k >
l Ex. 78. If f ( x ) < 0 for -1 £ x £ 1, then ‘a’ satisfies 11
1 1 1 1
(a) <a <3 (b) - <a < Þ k> (\ k > 0)
2 2 2 11
1 1
(c) -3 < a < - (d) - 3 < a < l Ex. 80. If the quadratic equation h( x ) = 0 has both roots
2 2
Sol. (a) Given, f ( x ) = ( x + 2a ) ( x + a - 4 ) complex, then q belongs to
= x 2 + (3a - 4 ) x + 2a (a - 4 ). æ p pö æ 3p ö
(a) ç - , ÷ (b) ç0, ÷
è 2 2ø è 2 ø
f ( -1) < 0ü –1 1
ýn 0 æ p 7p ö æ 7 p 11p ö
f ( 1) < 0 þ (c) ç , ÷ (d) ç , ÷
è6 6 ø è 6 6 ø
1
On solving, we get < a < 3 Sol. (d) Given, (1 - sin q )x 2 + 2(1 - sin q )x - 3sin q = 0 has both
2
roots complex, then D < 0
l Ex. 79. If g ( x ) > - 3 for all real x, then the values of k (1 - sin q ) (1 + 2sin q ) < 0
are given by (sin q - 1)(2sin q + 1) > 0
1424 3
( - ) ve number
1
(a) - 1 < k < (b) - 1 < k < 0 Þ 2sinq + 1 < 0
11
1
1 1 sinq < -
(c) 0 < k < (d) k < 2
11 11
æ 7 p 11p ö
Sol. (d) g ( x ) = k ( x 2 + x ) + 3k + x > - 3 " x Þ q Îç , ÷
è 6 6 ø
Þ k ( x + x ) + 3k + x + 3 > 0 " x
2
Passage II l Ex. 83. Sum of all values of x satisfying the equation

(Ex. Nos. 81 to 83) 1 1 1
x= + + + ¼¼¼¼ ¥ , is
Let f (q ) = sin q - cos 2 q - 1, where q Î R and m £ f (q ) £ M . m m m
1 2
l Ex. 81. Let N denotes the number of solution of the (a) (b)
3 3
equation f (q ) = 0 in [0, 4p ] then the value of
3 4
æ 1 ö (c) (d)
log 2 (N ) + log 2 ç ÷ is equal to 3 3
m m
è N + 1ø
4 4 4
1 Sol. (d) x = + + + ¼¼¼¼¼ ¥
(a) (b) 1 9 9 9
2
4
-1 Þ x= +x
(c) (d) - 1 9
2
4
Sol. (c) f (q ) = sin q - (1 - sin 2 q ) - 1 Þ x2 = +x
9
= sin 2 q + sin q - 2 9x 2 = 4 + 9x
2
æ 1ö 1 Þ 9x 2 - 9x - 4 = 0
= çsinq + ÷ - 2 -
è 2ø 4 Þ 9 x 2 - 12x + 3x - 4 = 0
2
æ 1ö 9 Þ ( 3x - 4 ) ( 3x + 1) = 0
= çsinq + ÷ -
è 2ø 4 4 -1
\ x = and x = (rejected)
9 -9 3 3
\ f (q )min = 0 - =
4 4
-9
Passage III
Þ m=
4 (Ex. Nos. 84 to 88)
2
æ 1ö 9 9 9 The method of eliminating ‘q’ from two given equations
f (q )max = ç1 + ÷ - = - = 0 involving trigonometrical functions of ‘q’. By using given
è 2ø 4 4 4
equations involving ‘q’ and trigonometrical identities, we shall
Þ M =0 obtain an equation not involving ‘q’.
-9
Hence, m = ,M =0 On the basis of above information answer the following
4 questions.
Now, f (q ) = 0
Þ (sin q + 2) (sin q - 1) = 0 l Ex. 84. If x sin 3 q + y cos 3 q = sin q cos q and
Þ sinq = 1 x sin q - y cos q = 0 then ( x , y ) lie one
p 5p
Þ q = and (a) a circle (b) a parabola
2 2 (c) an ellipse (d) a hyperbola
Hence, N = 2, i.e. number of solution s of sinq = 1 in [0, 4p ].
Sol. (a) We have, x sin 3 q + y cos 3 q = sin q cos q ...(i)
æ 1 ö
\ log m 2 ( N ) + log m 2 ç ÷ and x sin q - y cos q = 0 ...(ii)
è N + 1ø y
From Eq. (ii), tan q =
æ N ö æ2ö x
= log| m | ç ÷v = log| m | ç ÷
è N + 1ø è3ø
æ 2 ö -1
= log 9 ç ÷ = .
4
è3ø 2 y
2
y
2+
√x
l Ex. 82. The value of ( 4m + 13 ) is equal to
x
(a) 0 (b) 4
y x
(c) 5 (d) 6 \ sin q = and cos q =
(x 2 + y 2) (x 2 + y 2)
-9
Sol. (b) As m = , so ( 4m + 13) = 4
4
y3 x3 l Ex. 87. If sin q + cos q = a and sin 3 q + cos 2 q = b, then

From Eq., (i) x ´ 3
+y ´ 3
(x 2 + y ) 2 2
(x 2 + y ) 2 2 we get la 3 + mb + va = 0 when l, m, v are independent of q,
xy then the value of l3 + m 3 +v 3 is
=
(x 2 + y 2) (a) - 6 (b) - 18 (c) - 36 (d) - 98
(x + y )
2 2
1
1
Sol. (b) sin q + cos q = a ...(i)
or = Þ (x 2 + y ) = 1 2 2
sin 3 q + cos 3 q =b ...(ii)
3
(x + y 2)
2
(x 2 + y ) 2 2
From Eq. (i),
or x 2 + y 2 = 1 which is a circle sin 2 q + cos 2 q + 2 sin q cos q = a 2
a2 - 1
x y or sin q cos q = ...(iii)
l Ex. 85. If = …(i) 2
a cos q b sin q
From Eq. (ii),
ax by (sin q + cos q )3 + 3 sin q cos q(sin q + cos q) = b
and - = a 2 - b 2 , then ( x , y ) lie on
cos q sin q
3( a 2 - 1)
Þ a3 - a=b [from Eqs. (i) and (iii)]
(a) a circle (b) a parabola 2
(c) an ellipse (d) a hyperbola Þ 2a 3 - 3a 3 + 3a = 2b Þ a 3 + 2b - 3a = 0
x y
Sol. (c) Q = ...(i) On comparing, we get
a cos q b sin q l = 1, m = 2, v = - 3
ax by \ l +m+v =0
and - = a 2- b 2 ...(ii)
cos q sin q \ l + m 3 + v 3 = 3lmv = 3(1) (2) ( - 3) = - 18
3
ay
From Eq. (i), tan q =
bx l Ex. 88. After eliminating ‘q’ from equations
x cos q y sin q
+ =1 and x sin q - y cos q
2 a b
2y
2+
a ay = (a 2 sin 2 q + b 2 cos 2 q, we get
2x
√b
x2 y2
(a) x 2 + y 2 = a 2 + b 2 (b) + =1
bx a2 b 2
x2 y2
From Eq. (ii), (c) + = 1 (d) x 2 + y 2 = (a + b )2
ax by a(a + b ) b (a + b )
- = (a 2 - b 2 )
bx ay x cos q y sin q
Sol. (c) Q + = 1 ...(i)
(b x + a y )
2 2 2 2
(b x + a y )
2 2 2 2 a b
and x sin q - y cos q = (a 2 sin 2 q + b 2 cos 2 q ...(ii)
Þ (a - b ) (b x 2 + a 2y 2 ) = ab(a 2 - b 2 )
2 2 2
Squaring Eq. (i), we get

Þ b 2 x 2 + a 2y 2 = a 2b 2
x2 y2 2xy
x2 y2 cos 2 q + 2 sin 2 q + sin q cos q
\ + = 1 which is an ellipse. a 2
b ab
a2 b2
= 1 = sin 2 q + cos 2 q
l Ex. 86. If tan q + sin q = m and tan q - sin q = n, then æx2 ö æy 2 ö
ç 2 - 1÷ cos q + ç 2 - 1÷ sin q
2 2
or
(m 2 - n 2 ) 2 is èa ø èb ø
2xy
(a) 4 mn (b) 4mn + sin q cos q = 0 ...(iii)
ab
(c) 16 mn (d) 16mn
and squaring Eq. (ii), we get
Sol. (d) Qm + n = 2 tan q, m - n = 2sin q ...(i)
x 2 sin 2 q + y 2 cos 2 q - 2xy sin q cos q
and mn = tan 2 q - sin 2 q = sin 2 q(sec 2 q - 1)
= a 2 sin 2 q + b 2 cos 2 q
= sin 2q tan 2 q
2 2
( x - a ) sin 2 q + (y 2 - b 2 ) cos 2 q - 2xy sin q cos q = 0
2 2
æm - n ö æm + n ö
=ç ÷ ç ÷ [from Eq. (i)] æ x 2 - a2 ö æy 2 - b2 ö
è 2 ø è 2 ø Þ ç ÷ sin q + ç
2
÷ cos q
2
è ab ø è ab ø
\ (m 2 - n 2 )2 = 16 mn
-
2xy
sin q cos q = 0 ...(iv) æ sin 2 q cos 2 q ö
ç + ÷ =0
ab è b a ø
Adding Eqs. (iii) and (iv), we get
x 2 - a2 y 2 - b2 x2 y2
æ x 2 - a 2 ö æ sin 2 q cos 2 q ö æ y 2 - b 2 ö or + = 0 or + = (a + b )
ç ÷ç + ÷+ç ÷ a b a b
è a øè b a ø è b ø

Matching Type Questions
lEx. 89. Match the statement of Column I with values of æ p é p p ùö
çQ x - Î ê - 2p - , 2p - ú ÷
Column II. è 4 ë 4 4 ûø
Column-I Column-II 3p p
Þ x=- ,
(A) The number of real roots of the equation (p) 1 2 2
cos 7 x + sin 4 x = 1 in (- p, p) is
(B) The value of 3 cosec 20° - sec 20° is (q) 4 lEx. 90. Match the statement of Column I with values of
(C) 4 cos 36° - 4 cos 72° + 4 sin 18° cos 36° (r) 3 Column II.
equals Column-I Column-II
(D) The number of values of x where (s) 2 (A) The number of solutions of the equation (p) No solution
x Î[ - 2 p, 2 p], which satisfy 1
| cot x | = cot x + (0 < x < p)
cosec x = 1 + cot x sin x
Sol. (A) ® (r), (B) ® (q), (C) ® (r), (D) ® (s) (B) If sin q + sin f = 1 and cos q + cos f = 2, (q) 1
2 3
(A) cos 7 x + sin 4 x = 1
æ q + fö
then cot ç ÷
cos 7 x = (1 + sin 2 x ) cos 2 x è 2 ø
Þ cos x = 0 or cos 5 x = 1 + sin 2 x p p
sin 2 a + sin æç - aö÷ sin æç - aö÷
(C) (r) 1
è3 ø è3 ø
p p
cos x = 0 Þ x - , ; cos 5 x = 1 + sin 2 x (D) If tan q = 3 tan f, then maximum value of (s) 4
2 2 tan 2 ( q - f) is
Þ x =0 [Q LHS £ 1 and RHS ³ 1]
p p Sol. (A) ® (r), (B) ® (s), (C) ® (p), (D) ® (q)
\ x=- , 0, . 1
2 2 (A) | cot x | = cot x +
(B) 3 cosec 20° - sec 20° sin x
p
3 1 3 cos 20° - sin 20° If 0 < x < Þ cot x > 0
= - = 2
sin 20° cos 20° sin 20° cos 20°
1 1
æ 3 ö So, cot x = cot x + Þ = 0 no solution
1 sin x sin x
2 çç cos 20° - sin 20° ÷÷
è 2 2 ø 4 sin 40° p 1
= = =4 If < cot x < p, - cot x = cot x +
sin 20° cos 20° sin 40° 2 sin x
(C) 4 cos 36° - 4 cos 72° + 4 sin 18° × cos 36° 2 cos x 1
+ =0
æ 5 + 1ö æ 5 - 1ö æ 5 - 1ö æ 5 + 1ö sin x sin x
= 4 çç ÷÷ - 4 çç ÷÷ + 4 çç ÷÷ çç ÷÷
è 4 ø è 4 ø è 4 øè 4 ø 2p
1 + 2 cos x = 0 and x ¹ 0 Þ x =
= 5 +1- 5 +1+1=3 3
1
1 sin x + cos x (B) Since, sin f + sin q = and cos q + cos f = 2 has no
(D) cosec x = 1 + cot x ; = Þ 2
sin x sin x solution.
sin x + cos x = 1 and sin x ¹ 0 æp ö æp ö
æ pö 1 (C) sin 2 a + sin ç - a ÷ × sin ç + a ÷
cos ç x - ÷ = è3 ø è3 ø
è 4ø 2 p 3
p p p = sin 2 a + sin 2 - sin 2 a =
Þ x- = - 2p + , 3 4
4 4 4
(D) tan q = 3 tan f (D) We have, 2 - cos x + sin 2 x = 2 - cos x + 1 - cos 2 x

tan q - tan f 2 tan f éæ 1ù
2
tan(q - f ) = = 1ö
1 + tan q tan f 1 + 3 tan 2 f = - (cos 2 x + cos x ) + 3 = - ê ç cos x + ÷ - ú + 3
êë è 2ø 4 úû
2
= × Max of tan f > 0 2
cot f + 3 tan f 13 æ 1ö
= - ç cos x + ÷
cot f + 3 tan f 4 è 2ø
³ 3 (using AM ³ GM)
2 1
\Maximum value occurs at cos x = - and it is 1
1 2
Þ (cot f + 3 tan f )2 ³ 12 Þ tan 2 (q - f ) £
3 13
and minimum value occurs at cos x = 1 and it is
4
lEx. 91. Match the statement of Column I with values of 13
\The required ratio is .
Column II. 4
Column-I Column-II
(A) (p) 1
lEx. 92. Match the statement of Column I with values of
The tangents of two acute angles are
3 and 2. The sine of twice their Column II
difference is Column-I Column-II
(B) p (q) 0 (A) If a, b, g and d are four solutions of the (p)
If n = , then tan a tan 2 a tan 3 a ... 2
4a p
tan(2n - 1) a is equal to equation tan æç q + ö÷ = 3 tan 3 q, no two of
è 4ø
(C) 2p 4p (r) 1
If x = y cos = z cos , then which have equal tangents, then the value
3 3 2
of tan a + tan b + tan g + tan d is
xy + yz + zx = (B) (q)
cos( q1 - q 2 ) cos( q 3 + q 4 ) 3
(D) The ratio of the greatest value of (s) 7 If + = 0 then
cos( q1 + q 2 ) cos( q 3 - q 4 )
2 - cos x + sin 2 x to its least value is 25
tan q1 tan q 2 tan q 3 tan q 4 =
(t) 13 (C) If sec(a - b), sec a and sec(a + b) are in (r) –1
4
b
A.P. (with b ¹ 0), then cos a sec =
Sol. (A) ® (s), (B) ® (p), (C) ® (q), (D) ®(t) 2
(A) Given, tan a = 3 and tanb = 2 (D)
If cos a =
2 cos b - 1
(0 < a < b < p), then
(s) 0
tan a - tan b 3-2 1 2 - cos b
\ tan(a - b) = = = a
1 - tan a tan b 1 + 3 ´ 2 7 tan
2 is equal to
1 7 b
Þ sin(a - b) = and cos(a - b) = tan
50 50 2
\ sin 2(a - b) = 2 sin(a - b) cos(a - b) Sol. (A) ® (s), (B) ® (r), (C) ® (p), (D) ® (q)
1 7 7 p ö 1 + tan q
=2´ ´ = æ
50 50 25 (A) Using tan çq + ÷ =
è 4 ø 1 - tan q
æ p ö
(B) We have, tan a × tan(2n - 1) a = tan a × tan ç - 1÷ a 3(3 tan q - tan 3 q)
è 2a ø and 3 tan 3q =
1 - 3 tan 2 q
æp ö
= tan a × tan ç - a ÷ = tan a cot a = 1 the given equation becomes
è2 ø
3 tan 4 q - 6 tan 2 q + 8 tan q - 1 = 0 .
\The given expression = 1.
If tan a, tan b, tan g and tan d are the roots of this equation,
2p 4p
(C) We have, x = y cos = z cos = k (say) then the sum of these roots, tan a + tan b + tan g + tan d
2 3 equals zero, since the coefficient of tan 3 q is zero.
2p 4p
cos cos (B) The given equation can be written as
1 1 1 3 1 3
Þ = , = , = cos q 1 cos q 2 + sin q 1 sin q 2
x k y k z k Þ
cos q 1 cos q 2 - sin q 1 sin q 2
1 1 1 1æ 2p 4p ö
\ + + = ç1 + cos + cos ÷ cos q 3 cos q 4 - sin q 3 sin q 4
x y z kè 3 3 ø +
cos q 3 cos q 4 + sin q 3 sin q 4
1 æ 1 1ö
= ç1 - - ÷ = 0 1 + tan q 1 tan q 2 1 - tan q 3 tan q 4
k è 2 2ø Þ + =0
1 - tan q 1 tan q 2 1 + tan q 3 tan q 4
Þ xy + xz + yz = 0
2 + 2 tan q 1 tan q 2 tan q 3 tan q 4 b

Þ =0 cos 2
(1 - tan q 1 tan q 2 ) (1 + tan q 3 tan q 4 ) a 2
Þ 1 - cos 2
=1-
2 b
Showing that tan q 1 tan q 2 tan q 3 tan q 4 = - 1. 1 + 2 sin 2
2
(C) For the given A.P., we have
b b
2 sec a = sec(a - b ) + sec(a + b), which gives 1 + 2 sin 2 - cos 2
2 1 1 = 2 2
= + 2 b
cos a cos(a - b ) cos(a + b ) 1 + 2 sin
2
2 cos a cos b b é bù
= 1 + 2 sin 2 - ê1 - sin 2 ú
cos 2 a - sin 2 b 2 ë 2û
=
Þ cos 2 a - sin 2 b = cos 2 a cos b 2 b
1 + 2 sin
Þ cos 2 a (1 - cos b ) = sin 2 b 2
bö b b b
æ 3 sin 2
Þ cos 2 a ç2 sin 2 ÷ = 4 sin 2 cos 2 a 2
è 2ø 2 2 Þ sin 2 = ...(ii)
2 1 + 2 sin 2 b
b
Þ cos 2 a sec 2 = 2 2
2 Dividing equation (ii) by (i), we get
2 cos b - 1 a b
(D) 1 + cos a = 1 + tan 2 = 3 tan 2
2 - cos b 2 2
2 - cos b + 2 cos b - 1 1 + cos b a
= = tan
2 - cos b 2 - cos b 2 = 3
Þ
b b
cos 2 tan
a 2 2
Þ cos 2
= ...(i)
2 1 + 2 sin 2 b
2

Single Integer Answer Type Questions
l Ex. 93. tan 46° tan 14° - tan 74° tan 14° + tan 74° tan 46° l Ex. 94. Maximum value of the expression
is equal to log 3 ( 9 - 2 cos 2 q - 4 sec 2 q ) is equal to
tan 46° + tan 14° Sol. (1) For the expression a cos 2 q + bsec 2q if b > a, then
Sol. (3) = tan( 46° + 14° ) = 3 …(i)
1 - tan 46° tan 14° minimum value attains at cos 2 q = sec 2 q = 1
tan 74° - tan 14° Þ max of {9 - (2 cos 2 q + 4 sec 2 q )} = 3
= tan(74° – 14° )
1 + tan 74° tan 14° So, maximum of log 3 (9 - 2 cos 2 q + 4 sec 2 q )) = 1
= 3 …(ii)
p
tan 74° + tan 46°
Ex. 95. Let x Î æç 0, ö÷ and log 24 sin x ( 24 cos x ) = , then
3
= tan(74° + 46° ) l
1 - tan 74° tan 46° è 2ø 2
=- 3 …(iii) find the value of cosec 2 x.
From Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii) Sol. (9) (24 sin x )3 / 2 = 24 cos x
tan 46° + tan 14° Þ 24 (sin x )3 / 2 = cos x
tan 46° tan 14° = 1 -
3 Þ 24 sin 3 x = cos 2 x = 1 - sin 2 x
tan 74° - tan 14°
tan 74° tan 14° = -1 Put sin x = t , we get
3
24t 3 + t 2 - 1 = 0
tan 74° + tan 46°
tan 74° tan 46° = 1 - Þ (3t - 1) (8t 2 + 3t + 1) = 0
- 3 14 4244 3
>0
\ tan 46° tan 14°- tan 74° tan 14°+ tan 74° tan 46° = 3
Þ
1
t = 9 3 é æpö æ 3p ö æ 5p ö ù
= + ê cos çè 7 ÷ø + cos çè 7 ÷ø + cos çè 7 ÷ø ú
3 8 8 ë14444442444444
1 1 3û
\ t = i.e. sin x = æ
sinna ö
3 3 1 çç useS = 2 cos æç q1 + q2 ö÷ ÷÷
sin a
2 çç çç 2 ÷÷ø ÷÷
Þ cosecx = 3 è 2
è
ø
Þ cosec 2 x = 9 9 3 21
= + =
8 16 16
l Ex. 96. If x and y are non-zero real numbers satisfying \ a - b = 21 - 16 = 5.
xy ( x 2 - y 2 ) = x 2 + y 2 , then find the minimum value of
l Ex. 98. In any triangle, if
x 2 + y 2.
(sin A + sin B + sin C ) (sin A + sin B - sin C ) = 3 sin A sin B,
Sol. (4) Put x = r cosq and y = r sinq C
then the angle (in degree).
Hence, we have to minimise r 2 ? 10
Now, r 2 cos q sin qr 2 (cos 2 q - sin 2 q ) = r 2 Sol. (6) We have, (sin A + sin B )2 - sin 2 C = 3sin A sin B
r sin 2q cos 2q = 2
2
sin 2 A - sin 2 C + sin 2 B = sin A sin B
sin 4q sin( A + C ) sin( A - C ) + sin 2 B = sin A sin B
r2 =1
4 sin B [sin( A - C ) + sin( A + C )] = sin A sin B
4 [using, sin ( A + C ) = sin B ]
r =
2
sin 4q 2 sin A cos C = sin A (sin B ¹ 0)

r 2 = 4 cosec 2 4q 1 C 60°
cosC = Þ = =6
2 10 10
\ r 2 min = 4
l Ex. 99. Find the exact value of the expression
l Ex. 97. Using the identity sin 40° sin 80° sin 20°
3 1 1 T = + -
sin 4 x = - cos 2 x + cos 4 x or otherwise, if the value of sin 80° sin 20° sin 40°
8 2 8
1 1
4 æpö 4 æ 3p ö æ 5p ö a Sol. (3) We have, + 4 cos 40°× cos 20° -
sin ç ÷ + sin ç ÷ + sin 4 ç ÷ = , where a and b are 2 cos 40° 2 cos 20°
è7ø è 7 ø è 7 ø b
1é 1 1 ù
coprime, find the value of (a - b ). = ê - + 2 (cos 60° + cos 20° )
2 ë cos 40° cos 20° úû
æpö 3 1 æ 2p ö 1 æ 4p ö
Sol. (5) sin 4 ç ÷ = - cos ç ÷ + cos ç ÷ …(i) 1 é cos 20° - cos 40° ù
è7 ø 8 2 è7 ø 8 è 7 ø = ê + 1 + 2 cos 20°
2 ë cos 40° cos 20° úû
æ 3p ö 3 1 æ 6p ö 1 æ 12p ö
and sin 4 ç ÷ = - cos ç ÷ + cos ç ÷ 2sin 30° sin 10°
è7 ø 8 2 è7 ø 8 è 7 ø = + 1 + 2 cos 20°
2 cos 40° cos 20°
æ 3p ö 3 1 æpö 1 æ 5p ö
or sin 4 ç ÷ = + cos ç ÷ - cos ç ÷ …(ii) 2 sin 10° sin 20°
è7 ø 8 2 è7 ø 8 è7 ø = + 1 + 2 cos 20°
sin 80°
æ 5p ö 3 1 æ 10p ö 1 æ 20p ö
Similarly, sin 4 ç ÷ = - cos ç ÷ + cos ç ÷ 2 sin 10° 2sin 10° cos 10°
è7 ø 8 2 è 7 ø 8 è 7 ø = + 2 cos 20° + 1
cos 10°
æ 5p ö 3 1 æ 3p ö 1 æpö
or sin 4 ç ÷ = + cos ç ÷ - cos ç ÷ …(iii) = 2 (1 - cos 20° ) + 2 cos 20° + 1 = 3
è7 ø 8 2 è7 ø 8 è7 ø
2sin 20° cos 20°
On adding Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get Alternatively T1 = = 2 × 2 × sin 10°× cos 20°
cos 10°
æpö æ 3p ö æ 5p ö = 2(sin 30° - sin 10° )
sin 4 ç ÷ + sin 4 ç ÷ + sin 4 ç ÷
è7 ø è7 ø è7 ø
T1 = 1 - 2 sin 10°
9 1 æ 5p ö 1 æ 3p ö 1 æpö 1 æ 5p ö sin 80° 2sin 40° cos 40°
= + cos ç ÷ - cos ç ÷ + cos ç ÷ - cos ç ÷ + T2 = =
8 2 è7 ø 8 è7 ø 2 è7 ø 8 è7 ø sin 20° sin 20°
1 æ 3p ö 1 æpö = 4 cos 20°× cos 40°
cos ç ÷ - cos ç ÷
2 è7 ø 8 è7 ø T 2 = 2[cos 60° + cos 20° ] = 1 + 2 cos 20°
sin 20° 1 l Ex. 102. If sin a , sin b, sin g are in AP and

T2 = =
sin 40° 2 cos 20° cos a, cos b, cos g are in GP, then the value of
\ T = T1 + T 2 + T 3 cos 2 a + cos 2 g + 4 cos a cos g - 2 sin a sin g - 2
1 , where
= (1 - 2 sin 10° ) + (1 + 2 cos 20° ) - 1 - 2 sin 2 b
2 cos 20°
p
1 b ¹ , is equal to
= 2 + 2(cos 20° - sin 10° ) - 4
2 cos 20°
1 Sol. (4) Now, sin a + sin g = 2sin b and cos 2 b = cos a . cos g
= 2 + 2 (cos 20° - cos 80° ) - cos 2 a + cos 2 g + 4 cos a cos g - 2 - 2sin a sin g
2 cos 20° =
1 1 - 2 sin 2 b
= 2 + 2 × 2sin 50°× sin 30° - - sin 2 a - sin 2 g - 2sin a sin g + 4 cos a cos g
2 cos 20° =
1 1 - 2sin 2 b
= 2 + 2sin 50° -
2 cos 20° - (sin a + sin g )2 + 4 cos a cos g
=
4 sin 50° cos 20° - 1 1 - 2sin 2 b
T =2+
2 cos 20° - 4 sin 2 b + 4 cos 2 b
= =4
2[sin 70° + sin 30° ] - 1 cos 2b
=2+
2 cos 20°
2 sin 70° l Ex. 103. Let
=2+ =2+1=3
2 cos 20° 51 æp æ 3r ö 51 ép æ 3r ö ù ö
P tan ç ç1 + 50 ÷ = k P cot ê ç1 - 50 ÷ú ÷
r =1
è 3 è 3 - 1ø r =1
ë 3 è 3 - 1øû ø
l Ex. 100. If cot(q - a ), 3 cot q, cot(q + a ) are in AP
np 2 sin 2 q æ p ö a
(where, q ¹ , a ¹ kp, n, k Î I ), then is equal to On solving equation, we get, 1 - 3 tan 2 ç 50 ÷= ,
2 sin 2 a è 3 - 1 ø bk - 1
Sol. (3) We have, 6 cot q = cot(q - a ) + cot(q + a )
(a , b Î I ), then value of (a - b ) is equal to
6 cos q sin 2q S o l . (5) We have,
Þ =
sin q sin(q - a ) sin(q + a ) 51 æp æ 3r ö 51 ép æ 3r ö ù ö
P tan çç ç1 + 50 ÷ = P cot ê ç1 - 50 ÷ú÷
6 cos q 2sin q cos q r =1
è3 è 3 - 1 ø r =1 ë3 è 3 - 1 ø û ÷ø
Þ =
sin q sin 2 q - sin 2 a 3r - 1 p
Let 50 = qr
Þ 3 (sin 2 q - sin 2 a ) = sin 2 q 3 -1
or 2sin 2 q = 3sin 2 a 51
æp ö æp ö
P tan ç + q r ÷ tan ç + q r ÷ = k
2 sin 2 q r -1 è3 ø è3 ø
Þ =3
sin 2 a 51
tan 3q r
P =k
r - 1 tan q r
lEx. 101. If 4 sin 2 x + cosec 2 x , a , sin 2 y + 4cosec 2y are in tan q 2 tan q 3 tan q 52
k= ´ ´ ¼¼
AP, then minimum value of ( 2a ) is tan q 1 tan q 2 tan q 51
Sol. (9) 2a = 4 sin 2 x + cosec 2 x + sin 2 y + 4 cosec 2y æ 351 p ö
tan ç 50 ÷
= (2sin x - cosec x ) + 4 + (sin y - cosec y )
2 2
tan q 52 è3 - 1ø
= =
+ 3 cosec 2y + 2 tan q æ p ö
tan ç 50 ÷
= 6 + (2sin x - cosec x )2 + (sin y - cosec y )2 + 3 cosec 2y è3 - 1ø
\ Minimum value of æ 3p ö
tan ç3p + 50 ÷
2a = 6 + 3 = 9, è 3 - 1ø
=
when 2sin x = cosec x æ p ö
tan ç 50 ÷
and siny = cosec y è3 - 1ø
æ 3p ö l Ex. 106. If sin x 1 + sin x 2 + sin x 3 + ... + sin x 2008 = 2008,

tan ç 50 ÷
è3 - 1ø then find the value of sin 2008 x 1 + sin 2008 x 2 + sin 2008 x 3
=
æ p ö + ... + sin 2008 x 2008 .
tan ç 50 ÷
è3 - 1ø
Sol. (2008) We know that, sin x i £ 1 " i
p
Let, a = 50 ; Þ sin x 1 + sin x 2 + sin x 3 + .... + sin x 2008 £ 2008
3 -1
Thus, equality holds only when each of the terms is 1
tan 3a
k= ; i.e. sin x i = 1 " i = 1, 2, 3, ..., 2008.
tan a
8 and consequently
1 - 3 tan 2 a = cos x i = 0,"i = 123, , , ..., 2008
3k - 1
Now, sin 2008 x 1 + sin 2008 x 2 + sin 2008 x 3 + ... sin 2008 x 2008
So, a = 8, b = 3
a-b=5 = 1 + 1 + 1 + K + 1 = 2008
l Ex. 104. If sec A tan B + tan A sec B = 91, then the value l Ex. 107. If 4 sin 27° = a + b, then the value of
of (sec A sec B + tan A tan B ) 2 is equal to (a + b - ab + 2) 4 must be
Sol. (8282) (sec A sec B + tan A tan B )2 Sol. (400), We know (cos 27° + sin 27° )2
- (sec A tan B + tan A sec B )2 = 1 + sin 54 = 1 + cos 36°
2 2 Þ cos 27° + sin 27° = (1 + cos 36° ) [Q LHS > 0]
é 1 + sin A sin B ù é sin B + sin A ù
=ê ú - ê cos A cos B ú
ë cos A cos B û ë û Also, cos 27° - sin 27° = (1 - cos 36° )
1 + sin 2 A sin 2 B - sin 2 B - sin 2 A [Q cos 27° > sin 27°]
=
cos 2 A cos 2 B \ 2 sin 27° = (1 + cos 36° ) - (1 - cos 36° )
1 - sin 2 B cos 2 A - sin 2 A æ æ 5 + 1öö æ æ 5 + 1öö
= = çç1 + çç ÷÷ ÷ - ç1 - çç ÷÷ ÷
cos 2 A cos 2 B
è 4 øø ÷ ç è 4 ø ÷ø
è è
cos 2 A cos 2 B
= =1 \ 4 sin 27° = (5 + 5 ) - (3 - 5 )
cos 2 A cos 2 B
Þ (sec A sec B + tan A tan B )2 = (91)2 + 1 = 8282. On comparing, we get
a = 5 + 5, b = 3 - 5
l Ex. 105. If ( 25 ) 2 + a 2 + 50a cos q \ a + b = 8, ab = 10 - 2 5
= (31) 2 + b 2 + 62 b cos q = 1 and a + b - ab + 2 = 2 5
775 + ab + (31a + 25b ) cos q = 0, then the value of cosec 2 q is \ (a + b - ab + 2) 4 = 400
Sol. (1586) We can write (a + 25 cos q) + (25) - (25 cos q) = 1
2 2 2
p
and l Ex. 108. If 0 < A < and sin A + cos A + tan A
Þ (a + 25 cos q) = 1 - (25 sin q )
2 2
2
Similarly (b + 31 cos q) 2 = 1 - (31sin q) 2 + cot A + sec A + cosec A = 7 and sin A and cos A are the
roots of the equation 4 x 2 - 3 x + a = 0, then the value of 25a
Multiplying we get
[(a + 25 cos q) (b + 31 cos q) ]2 = [1 - (25 sin q) 2 ] must be
[1 - (31 sin q) 2 ] Sol. (28) sin A and cos A are the roots of the equation
4 x 2 - 3x + a = 0, then
Þ [ab + (31a + 25b ) cos q + 775 cos 2 q]2
3 a
= 1 - (625 + 961) sin 2 q + (775 sin 2 q) 2 sin A + cos A = , sin A cos A = ...(i)
4 4
Þ ( - 775 + 775 cos q) = 1 - 1586 sin q + (775 sin q)
2 2 2 2 2
Also, sin A + cos A + tan A + cot A + sec A + cosec A = 7
Þ cosec 2 q = 1586
æ sin A cos A ö \The given expression =

1
-
1
=l
Þ (sin A + cos A ) + ç + ÷
è cos A sin A ø sin 20° 3 cos 120°
1 cos 60°
æ 1 1 ö Þ - =l
+ç + ÷ =7 sin 20° sin 60° cos 20°
è cos A sin A ø
sin 60° cos 20° - cos 60° sin 20°
1 (sin A + cos A ) Þ =l
Þ (sin A + cos A ) + + =7 sin 20° cos 20° sin 60°
sin A cos A sin A cos A
sin(60° - 20° )
3 4 3 Þ =l
Þ + + =7 sin 40° 3
4 a a ´
2 2
3 7 4
Þ + =7 \ l=
4 a 3
7 3 25 16
Þ =7 - = Þ l2 =
a 4 4 3
\ 25a = 28 Then, 9 l4 + 81l2 + 97 = 9 ´
256
+ 81 ´
16
+ 97
9 3
2 sin q = 256 + 432 + 97 = 785
l Ex. 109. Given that, f (nq) = , and
cos 2q - cos 4nq
sin lq l Ex. 111. If log 10 sin x + log 10 cos x = - 1 and
f (q) + f ( 2q) + f (3q) + ... + f (nq) = , then the
sin q sin mq (log 10 n ) - 1
log 10 (sin x + cos x ) = , then the value of ‘n/3’ is
value of m - l is 2
2 sin 2q .........
Sol. (1) f (nq) =
cos 2q - cos 4nq æ sin 2x ö
Sol. (4) Given, log10 ç ÷ = -1
è 2 ø
2 sin 2q
= sin 2x 1
2 sin(2n + 1)q sin(2n - 1)q or =
2 10
sin((2n + 1)q - (2n - 1)q )
= 1
sin(2n + 1)q sin(2n - 1)q or sin 2x =
5
sin(2n + 1)q cos(2n - 1)q æn ö
log10 ç ÷
- cos(2n + 1)q sin(2n - 1)q è 10 ø
= Also log10 (sin x + cos x ) =
sin(2n + 1)q sin(2n - 1)q 2
= cot(2n - 1)q - cot(2n + 1)q æn ö
or log10 (sin x + cos x )2 = log10 ç ÷
è 10 ø
\ f (q) + f (2q) + f (3q) + ... + f (nq)
n
= cot q - cot(2n + 1)q or 1 + sin 2x =
10
sin(2n + 1)q cos q - cos(2n + 1)q sin q
= 1 n 6 n
sin(2n + 1)q sin q or 1+ = or =
5 10 5 10
sin 2nq n
= or =4
sin(2n + 1)q sin q 3
\ p = 2n and m = 2n + 1
Hence, m – l = 2n + 1 - 2n = 1
lEx. 112. If 498 [16 cos x + 12 sin x ] = 2k + 60, then the
maximum value of k is
1 1
l Ex. 110. If + = l, then the value of Sol. (4950) 16 cos x + 12 sin x = 162 + 122 cos(x - a), a
cos 290° 3 sin 250° æ3ö
= tan - 1 ç ÷.
9 l4 + 81l2 + 97 must be è4ø
Sol. (785) Here, cos 290° = cos(270° + 20° ) = sin 20° and Þ | 2k + 60 | £ 498 ´ 20 as | cos( x - a) | £ 1
sin 250° = sin(270° - 20° ) = - cos 20° Þ k £ 4950
l Ex. 113. If a tan a + (a 2 - 1) tan b æ 3p ö æ 3p ö æ 2p ö æ 3p ö

l2 cos 2 ç ÷ = sin 2 ç ÷ + 16 sin 2 ç ÷ cos 2 ç ÷
è 11 ø è 11 ø è 11 ø è 11 ø
+ (a 2 + 1) tan g = 2a, where a is constant and a, b, g are
variable angles. Then the least value of 2727 (tan 2 a + tan 2 b + 8 sin ç ÷ sin ç ÷ cos ç ÷
è 11 ø è 11 ø è 11 ø
+ tan 2 g) must be æ æ 3p ö ö æ 3p ö æ 2p ö 2 æ 3p ö
l2 ç2 cos 2 ç ÷ ÷ = 2 sin
2
ç ÷ + 32 sin
2
ç ÷ cos ç ÷
Sol. (3636) We have, è è 11 ø ø è 11 ø è 11 ø è 11 ø
(a tan b - (a 2 - 1) tan a) 2 + ( (a 2 - 1) tan g æ 2p ö æ 6p ö
+ 8sin ç ÷ sin ç ÷
- (a + 1) tan b) + ( (a + 1) tan a - a tan g ) ³ 0
2 2 2 2 è 11 ø è 11 ø
Þ (a + a 2 - 1 + a 2 + 1) (tan 2 a + tan 2 b + tan 2 g)
2 æ æ 6p ö ö æ 4p ö æ 6p ö
= ç1 - cos ç ÷ ÷ + 8 ç1 - cos ÷ ç1 + cos ÷
è è 11 ø ø è 11 ø è 11 ø
- {a tan a + (a 2 - 1) tan b + (a 2 + 1) tan g } 2 ³ 0
æ 4p 8p ö
(using Lagrange’s identity) + 4 ç cos - cos ÷
è 11 11 ø
Þ 3a 2 (tan 2 a + tan 2 b + tan 2 g) - (2a )2 ³ 0
æ 6p ö æ 4p ö
\ 3(tan 2 a + tan 2 b + tan 2 g) ³ 4 = 9 + 7 cos ç ÷ - 4 cos ç ÷
è 11 ø è 11 ø
Hence, 2727 (tan 2 a + tan 2 b + tan 2 g) ³ 3636
\Least value is 3636. - 8 cos ç ÷ cos ç ÷ - 4 cos ç ÷
è 11 ø è 11 ø è 11 ø
tan x tan y tan z æ 6p ö æ 4p ö
l Ex. 114. If = = , x + y + z = p and = 9 + 7 cos ç ÷ - 4 cos ç ÷
2 3 5 è 11 ø è 11 ø
38 æ æ 10x ö æ 2p ö ö æ 8p ö
tan 2 x + tan 2 y + tan 2 z = then K = ..... - 4 ç cos ç ÷ + cos ç ÷ ÷ - 4 cos ç ÷
K è è 11 ø è 11 ø ø è 11 ø
Sol. (3) tan x = 2t , tan y = 3t , tan z = 5t æ 6p ö ì æ 2p ö æ 4p ö
= 9 + 11 cos ç ÷ - 4 í cos ç ÷ + cos ç ÷
Also x +y +z = p è 11 ø î è 11 ø è 11 ø
\tan x + tan y + tan z = tan x tan y tan z
æ 6p ö æ 8p ö æ 10p öü
1 + cos ç ÷ + cos ç ÷ + cos ç ÷ý
Þ t2 = è 11 ø è 11 ø è 11 øþ
3
Þ tan 2 x + tan 2 y + tan 2 z = t 2 ( 4 + 9 + 25) = 38t 2 , æ 6p ö æ 5p ö
4 × cos ç ÷ sin ç ÷
æ ö
6 p è 11 ø è 11 ø
\ K =3 = 9 + 11 cos ç ÷ -
è 11 ø æpö
sin ç ÷
3p 2p è 11 ø
l Ex. 115. If tan æç ö÷ + 4 sin æç ö÷ = l, then the value of
è 11 ø è 11 ø ì æ p öü
2ísin p - sin ç ÷ý
æ ö
6 p è 11 øþ
1 + l2 + l4 + l6 must be. = 9 + 11 cos ç ÷ - î
è 11 ø æpö
æ 3p ö æ 2p ö sin ç ÷
Sol. (1464) Let l = tan ç ÷ + 4 sin ç ÷ è 11 ø
è 11 ø è 11 ø
æ 6p ö
1 ì æ 3p ö æ 2p ö æ 3p öü = 9 + 11 cos ç ÷ + 2
= ísin ç ÷ + 4 sin ç ÷ cos ç ÷ý è 11 ø
æ 3p ö î è 11 ø è 11 ø è 11 øþ
cos ç ÷ æ æ 6p ö ö æ æ 3p ö ö
è 11 ø = 11 ç1 + cos ç ÷ ÷ = 11 ç2 cos 2 ç ÷ ÷
è è 11 ø ø è è 11 ø ø
æ 3p ö æ 3p ö æ 2p ö æ 3p ö
l cos ç ÷ = sin ç ÷ + 4 sin ç ÷ cos ç ÷ \ l2 = 11
è 11 ø è 11 ø è 11 ø è 11 ø
Then, 1 + l2 + l4 + l6 = 1 + 11 + 121 + 1331 = 1464
Subjective Type Examples

l Ex. 116. For all q in [0, p/ 2 ], show that 2sin x + cos x
³ 2- 2
cos(sin q ) > sin(cos q ). + cos x

Sol. We know,
or 2sin x ³ 2- 2 /2
é 1 1 ù 2sin x + cos x
³ 2-1/ 2
cos q + sin q = 2 ê cos q + sin q ú or …(ii)
ë 2 2 û
From Eqs. (i) and (ii),
é p p ù 2sin x + 2cos x
= 2 êsin cos q + cos sin q ú
ë 4 4 û ³ 2sin x + cos x ³ 2-1/ 2
2
æp ö
= 2 sin ç + q ÷ \ 2sin x + 2cos x ³ 2 × 2-1/ 2
è4 ø
p or 2sin x + 2cos x ³ 21 - 1 2
for all values of x.
Þ cos q + sin q £ 2 < {as 2 = 1.414 }
2
p l Ex. 118. Eliminate q and f if
Þ cos q + sin q < [ p / 2 = 157
. approx]
2
a sin 2 q + b cos 2 q = m
p
Þ cos q < - sin q b sin 2 f + a cos 2 f = n
2
On taking sine both sides; and a tan q = b tan f
æp ö Sol. Dividing a sin q + b cos 2 q = m by cos 2 q, we get
2
sin(cos q ) < sin ç - sin q ÷
è2 ø a tan 2 q + b = m sec 2 q
Þ sin(cos q ) < cos(sin q ) or (a - m )tan 2 q = (m - b ) …(i)
\ cos(sin q ) > sin(cos q ) 2 2 2
Dividing b sin f + a cos f = n by cos f, we get
Alternate Method
p b tan 2 f + a = n sec2 f
For 0 £ x £
2 or (b - n )tan 2 f = (n - a ) …(ii)
x ³ sin x …(i) On dividing Eq. (i) by Eq. (ii), we get
Replace x by cosq, we get 2
(a - m ) æ tan q ö m -b
cos q ³ sin(cos q ) …(ii) ×ç ÷ =
(b - n ) è tan f ø n -a
p
Also, we know cosq is decreasing for 0 £ q £ . æa - m ö b2 m - b
2 Þ ç ÷× = [given, a tan q = b tan f]
As q 1 < q 2 Þ cos q 1 > cos q 2 when q 1, q 2 Î [0, p/ 2] è b - n ø a2 n - a
or b 2 (a - m )(n - a ) = a 2 (b - n )(m - b )
\Taking cos on both side of Eq. (i) and putting q for x, we
or b 2 {(m + n )a - a 2 - mn } = a 2 {(m + n )b - b 2 - mn }
get
or (m + n )(ab 2 - a 2b ) + mn (a 2 - b 2 ) = 0
cos q £ cos(sin q ) …(iii)
or (m + n )ab(b - a ) + mn (a - b )(a + b ) = 0
Using Eqs. (ii) and (iii),
or (m + n )(ab ) = mn (a + b )[a - b ¹ 0]
cos(sin q ) ³ cos q ³ sin(cos q )
Þ cos(sin q ) > sin(cos q ) 3
l Ex. 119. Let cos A + cos B + cos C = in a DABC, show
1 2
1-
l Ex. 117. Show that 2 sin x
+2 cos x
³2 2
for all real x. that the triangle is equilateral.
Sol. In a triangle, A + B + C = p
Sol. Clearly, 2sin x and 2cos x are positive, so their AM ³ GM
æA + Bö
Þ cos A + cos B + cos C = 2 cos ç ÷.
2 +2sin x cos x
+ cos x
è 2 ø
\ ³ 2sin x .2cos x = 2sin x …(i)
2 æA - Bö 3
cos ç ÷ + cos C =
As we know, è 2 ø 2
sin x + cos x ³ - 2 æp C ö æA - Bö 2C 3
Þ 2 cos ç - ÷ × cos ç ÷ + 1 - 2sin =
è2 2ø è 2 ø 2 2
[using - a 2 + b 2 £ a sin x + b cos x £ a 2 + b 2 ]
C æC ö æA - Bö 3 k -3
Þ 2sin 2 - 2sin ç ÷ cos ç ÷ -1+ =0 Þ > 0, using number line rule.
2 è2ø è 2 ø 2 3k - 1
C æC ö æA - Bö + – +
Þ 4 sin 2 - 4 sin ç ÷ cos ç ÷ +1=0 …(i)
2 è2ø è 2 ø 1/3 3
Now, Eq. (i) is quadratic in (sin C / 2) and is real. which shows k < 1 / 3 or k > 3
\ D ³0
Þ
æ
16 cos 2 ç
A - B ö 2æA - Bö l Ex. 121. Let A, B, C be three angles such that A = p/4 and
÷ - 16 ³ 0 Þ cos ç ÷ -1³0
è 2 ø è 2 ø tan B tan C = p. Find all possible values of p such that A, B, C
æA - Bö are the angles of triangles.
Þ cos 2 ç ÷ ³1
è 2 ø Sol. Let us assume DABC.
æA - Bö \ A + B + C =p
which is only possible if cos 2 ç ÷ =1
è 2 ø p 3p
Þ B+C = p - = …(i) [Q A = p/ 4, given]
æA - Bö 4 4
Þ cos 2 ç ÷ =1 Also, 0 < B, C < 3p / 4
è 2 ø
A-B Þ tan B tan C =p
=0 sin B × sin C p
2 Þ =
Þ A=B …(ii) cos B × cos C 1
sin B × sin C + cos B × cos C 1+ p
Similarly, we can show B = C , C = A . Hence, the triangle is Þ =
equilateral. cos B × cos C - sin B × sin C 1- p
cos( B - C ) 1+ p
Þ =
tan 3A sin 3 A 2k cos( B + C ) 1- p
l Ex. 120. If = k , show that = and
tan A sin A k - 1 æ1 + p ö æ 3p ö
Þ cos( B - C ) = ç ÷ cos ç ÷
1 è1 - p ø è 4 ø
hence or otherwise prove that either k > 3 or k < .
3 [using Eq. (i), B + C = 3p/ 4]
tan 3A 3 tan A - tan 3 A 1 1+ p
Sol. = 2
× =k Þ cos( B - C ) = …(ii)
tan A 1 - 3 tan A tan A 2( p - 1)
3 - tan 2 A Since, B or C can vary from 0 to 3p/4.
Þ =k
2
1 - 3 tan A \ 0 £ ( B - C ) < 3p / 4
1
Þ (3 - tan 2 A ) = k (1 - 3 tan 2 A ) Þ - < cos( B - C ) £ 1 …(iii)
2
2
Þ (3k - 1)tan A = k - 3 From Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get
æk -3ö 1 1+ p
Þ tan 2 A = ç ÷ …(i) - < £1
è 3k - 1 ø 2 2( p - 1)
sin 3A 3sin A - 4 sin 3 A 1 1+ p 1+ p
Now, = = 3 - 4 sin 2 A \ - < and £1
sin A sin A 2 2( p - 1) 2( p - 1)
4 4 p +1 ( p + 1) - 2( p - 1)
Þ 3 - 4 sin 2 A = 3 - =3- Þ 0<1+ and £0
cosec 2 A 1 + cot 2 A p -1 2( p - 1)
4 [ p - ( 2 + 1) 2 ]
=3- Þ
2p
>0 and ³0
1
1+ ( p - 1) ( p - 1)
tan 2 A + – + + – +
4 2
Þ 3- [using Eq. (i)] 0 1 1 (√2 +1)
æ 3k - 1 ö
1+ ç ÷
èk -3ø Þ p < 0 or p > 1 and p < 1 or p ³ ( 2 + 1)2
4(k - 3) 3k - 3 - k + 3 2k The combining above expressions;
Þ 3- = = …(ii)
4( k - 1) k -1 k -1 p < 0 or p ³ ( 2 + 1)2
Again from Eq. (i), i.e. p Î ( - ¥, 0) È [( 2 + 1)2 , ¥).
k -3
tan 2 A = [tan A ¹ 0 and tan 2 A > 0]
3k - 1
A B C 1
l Ex. 122. If ABC is a triangle and tan , tan , tan are Now, cot( A - B ) =
2 2 2 tan( A - B )
B 1 + tan A tan B
in HP, then find minimum value of cot . =
2 tan A - tan B
Sol. A + B+C = p x
1+
A B p C y 1 1
Þ + = - = = + = RHS
2 2 2 2 x x y
æA Bö æp C ö 1
Þ cot ç + ÷ = cot ç - ÷ (ii) 2 cos A = x + , since 4 sin 2 A = 4
è2 2 ø è2 2ø x
A B 2
cot × cot - 1 æ 1ö
2 2 æC ö 1 - 4 cos 2 A = 4 - ç x + ÷
Þ = tan ç ÷ = è xø
A B è2ø æC ö
cot + cot cot ç ÷ éæ 2 ù
2 2 è2ø 1ö
\ 4 sin 2 A = - ê ç x + ÷ - 4 ú
A B C A B C êë è xø úû
Þ cot × cot × cot = cot + cot + cot …(i)
2 2 2 2 2 2 éæ 1ö ù
2
A B C or 4 sin 2 A = i 2 ê ç x - ÷ ú
But tan , tan ,tan are in HP
2 2 2 êë è xø ú
û
A B C æ 1ö
Þ cot , cot ,cot are in AP Þ 2sin A = i ç x - ÷ …(i)
2 2 2 è xø
A C B 1
\ cot + cot = 2 cot …(ii) Similarly, 2 cos B = y +
2 2 2 y
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get æ 1ö
A B C B Þ 2sin B = i çy - ÷ …(ii)
cot × cot cot = 3 cot è yø
2 2 2 2
A C Now, 2 cos( A - B ) = 2 [cos A cos B + sin A sin B ]
Þ cot × cot = 3 …(iii)
2 2 2 éæ 1 öæ 1ö 2æ 1 öæ 1 öö
= ê çè x + ÷ø çy + ÷ + i çè x - ÷ø çy - ÷ ÷
As we know, AM ³ GM 4ë x è yø x è y øø
A C
cot + cot 1 éì 1 y xü ì 1 y x üù
Þ 2 2 ³ cot A × cot C = êí xy + + + ý - í xy + - - ýú
2 2 2 2 ëî xy x y þ î xy x y þ û
B 1é y xù x y
2 cot = ê2 + 2 ú = + = RHS
Þ 2 ³ 3 [{using Eq. (iii)] 2ë x yû y x
2
B
Þ cot ³ 3 a -b
2 l Ex. 124. If tan q tan f = , then prove that
B a +b
\Minimum value of cot is 3.
2 (a - b cos 2 q )(a - b cos 2 f) is independent of q and f.
Sol. Let us put,
l Ex 123. (i) If tan A - tan B = x and cot B - cot A = y . tanq = t 1 and tan f = t 2
1 1 a-b
Prove that cot( A - B ) = + . \ t 12 .t 22 = …(i)
x y a+b
1 1 ì a -b ü
(ii) If 2 cos A = x + , 2 cos B = y + , then show that ígiven, tan q tan f = ý
x y î a +b þ
x y
2 cos( A - B ) = + . 1 - tan 2 q 1 - t 12
y x Also, cos 2q = = …(ii)
1 + tan 2 q 1 + t 12
tan A - tan B
Sol. (i) If cot B - cot A = y Þ =y 1 - tan 2 f 1 - t 22
tan A tan B cos 2f = = …(iii)
x 1 + tan 2 f 1 + t 22
\ = tan A tan B
y Now, (a - b cos 2q ).(a - b cos 2f )
ïì æ 1 - t 12 öïü ïì æ 1 - t 22 öïü Þ 2x 3 - 3x 2 cos( A - B ) - 2x cos 2 ( A + B ) +

= ía - b ç ÷ ý × ía - b ç ÷ý [using Eqs. (ii) and (iii)]
ïî è 1 + t 12 øïþ ïî è 1 + t 22 øïþ cos 3 ( A - B ) - cos 2 ( A + B ). cos( A - B ) = 0
ì (a - b ) + (a + b ) t 12 ü ì (a - b ) + (a + b ) t 22 ü 1
=í By inspection, we find that x = - cos( A - B ) because
ý ×í ý 2
î 1 + t 12 þ î 1 + t 22 þ
æ 1 3 ö 3 2
(a + b ) é a - b ù (a + b ) é a - b ù ç - - + 1÷ cos ( A - B ) + cos ( A + B )cos( A - B )
= + t 12 ú × + t 22 ú è 4 4 ø
2 ê 2 ê
(1 + t 1 ) ë a + b û (1 + t 2 ) ë a + b û - cos 2 ( A + B )cos( A - B ) = 0
(a + b ) 2 2 (a + b ) 2 2
= [t 1 t 2 + t 12 ] × [t 1 t 2 + t 22 ] [using Eq. (i)] Hence, 2x + cos( A - B ) is factor of the given equation
(1 + t 12 ) (1 + t 22 ) which when divided by it, given the other factor as,
(a - b ) x 2 - 2x cos( A - B ) + cos 2 ( A - B ) - cos 2 ( A + B ) = 0
= (a + b )2 × (t 12 .t 22 ) = (a + b )2 × = (a 2 - b 2 )
(a + b ) 2 cos( A - B ) ±
So, (a - b cos 2q )(a - b cos 2f ) = a 2 - b 2 , which is 4 cos 2 ( A - B ) - 4 cos 2 ( A - B ) + 4 cos 2 ( A + B )
independent of q and f. So, x =
2
l Ex. 125. Find all possible real values of x and y satisfy- 2 cos( A - B ) ± 2 cos( A + B )
x=
ing. 2
x = cos( A - B ) + cos( A + B ) or cos( A - B ) - cos( A + B )
sin 2 x + 4 sin 2 y - sin x - 2 sin y - 2 sin x siny + 1 = 0,
Hence, the roots are,
" x , y Î [0, p/2]
1
Sol. Given, equation can be rewritten as, 2 cos A cos B, 2sin A sin B and - cos( A - B ).
2
sin 2 x - sin x (1 + 2sin y ) + ( 4 sin 2 y - 2sin y + 1) = 0
Þ sin x = l Ex. 127. If m 2 + m ¢ 2 + 2mm ¢ cos q = 1.
(1 + 2sin y ) ± (1 + 2sin y )2 - 4( 4 sin 2 y - 2sin y + 1) n 2 + n¢ 2 + 2nn¢ cosq = 1
2 and mn + m ¢ n ¢ + (mn ¢ + m ¢ n ) cos q = 0, then prove that
(1 + 2sin y ) ± -3 - 12sin 2 y + 12sin y m 2 + n 2 = cosec 2 q.
=
2 Sol. m 2 + m ¢ 2 + 2mm ¢ cosq = 1
2
(1 + 2sin y ) ± -3(2sin y - 1) or (m 2 cos 2 q + m 2 sin 2 q ) + m ¢ 2 + 2mm ¢ cos q = 1
= …(i)
2
or m 2 cos 2 q + 2mm ¢ cos q + m ¢ 2 = 1 - m 2 sin 2 q
Since, sin x is real.
\ From equation (i) is real only if, or (m cos q + m ¢ )2 = 1 - m 2 sin 2 q …(i)
1 1+1 Similarly, 2 2
n + n ¢ + 2nn ¢ cosq = 1
2siny - 1 = 0 or siny = and sin x = = 1.
2 2 Þ (n cos q + n ¢ )2 = 1 - n 2 sin 2 q …(ii)
p p
Þ y = and x = as x , y Î [0, p / 2]. Finally, mn + m ¢ n ¢ + (mn ¢ + m ¢ n )cosq = 0
6 2
Þ (mn cos 2 q + mn sin 2 q ) + m ¢ n ¢
l Ex. 126. Find the roots of the following cubic equations + mn ¢ cos q + m ¢ n cos q = 0
2 x 3 - 3 x 2 cos( A - B ) -2 x cos 2 ( A + B ) + sin 2 A Þ mn cos q + m ¢ n cos q + m ¢ n ¢ + mn ¢ cos q = - mn sin 2 q
2
sin 2B cos( A - B ) = 0. Þ n cos q (m cos q + m ¢ ) + n ¢ (m ¢ + m cos q ) = - mn sin 2 q

Sol. We know, Þ (m cos q + m ¢ )(n cos q + n ¢ ) = - mn sin 2 q
1
sin 2A sin 2B = [cos(2A - 2B ) - cos(2A - 2B )] or (m cos q + m ¢ )2 (n cos q + n ¢ )2 = m 2n 2 sin 4 q
2
1 Þ (1 - m 2 sin 2 q )(1 - n 2 sin 2 q ) = m 2n 2 sin 4 q.
= [2 cos 2 ( A - B ) - 1 - 2 cos 2 ( A + B ) + 1]
2 [using Eqs. (i) and (ii)]
= cos 2 ( A - B ) - cos 2 ( A + B ) Þ 1 - (m 2 + n 2 )sin 2 q + m 2n 2 sin 4 q = m 2n 2 sin 4 q
\ sin 2A .sin 2B = cos 2 ( A - B ) - cos 2 ( A + B ) …(i) Þ (m 2 + n 2 )sin 2 q = 1
Now, 2x 3 - 3x 2 cos( A - B ) - 2x cos 2 ( A + B ) + Þ m 2 + n 2 = cosec 2 q
sin 2A .sin 2B.cos( A - B ) = 0
l Ex 128. Prove that from the equality \ a1 × a 2 × a 3 ¼ an

q q q q
sin 4 a cos 4 a 1 Þ cos × cos 2 × cos 3 ¼ cos n
+ = follows the relation, 2 2 2 2
a b a +b q q q q q
sin 8 a cos 8 a 1 cos × cos 2 × cos 3 ¼ cos n × 2sin n
+ = and Þ 2 2 2 2 2
a 3
b 3
(a + b) 3 q
2sin n
sin 4 n x cos 4 n x 1 2
+ 2n - 1 = . q q q q
a 2n - 1 b (a + b) 2n - 1 cos × cos 2 ¼ cos n - 1 × sin n - 1
Þ 2 2 2 2
Sol. Given condition can be rewritten as, q
ab 2sin n
b (sin 2 a )2 + a cos 4 a = 2
a+b
[Q2sin a .cos a = sin 2a ]
ab q q q q
Þ b(1 - cos 2 a )2 + a cos 4 a = cos × cos 2 ¼ cos n - 2 × 2sin n - 2
a+b 2 2 2 2
Þ
ab q
Þ b(cos 4 a - 2 cos 2 a + 1) + a cos 4 a = 22 sin n
a+b 2
Þ (a + b )2 cos 4 a - 2b(a + b )cos 2 a + b(a + b ) = ab q q
cos n - (n - 1) × sin n - (n - 1)
= ¼¼¼¼ = 2 2
(a + b )2 cos 4 a - 2b(a + b )cos 2 a + b 2 = 0 q
n -1
2 × sin n
Þ [(a + b )cos 2 a - b ]2 = 0 2
b a q q
Þ cos 2 a = Þ sin 2 a = …(i) cos × sin
a+b a+b = 2 2 = sin q
q q
sin 8 a cos 8 a a4 b4 2n - 1 × sin n 2n .sin n
\ + = + 2 2
a3 b3 a 3 (a + b )4 b 3 (a + b )4 sin q sin q sin q
a b \ a1.a 2 ¼ to ¥ = lim = lim =
= + n ®¥ n q n ®¥ sin( q /2n
) q
4 2 .sin n q×
(a + b ) (a + b )4 2 n
(q /2 )
a+b 1
= 4
= 1 - a 02 1 - cos 2 q
(a + b ) (a + b )3 \ = =q
a1a 2a 3 ¼ to ¥ sin q
sin 8 a cos 8 a 1 q
\ 3
+ =
a b3 (a + b )3 æ 2 ö
ç 1 - a0 ÷
sin 4n x cos 4n x a 2n b 2n ç ÷
Now, + = + \ cos ç
a1
= cos q = a 0 .
a 2n - 1 b 2n - 1 a 2n - 1(a + b )2n b 2n - 1(a + b )2n a a a ¼ to ¥ ÷
a+b ç 1 2 3 ÷
= =
1 ç ÷
. è ø
(a + b ) 2n
(a + b )2n - 1
n
l Ex 129. If a r + 1 =
1
(1 + a r ), the prove that
l Ex. 130. Evaluate å sin r a, where (n + 2 ) a = 2 p (with-
r =2
2
out using formula.)
æ 1 - a 02 ö
cos ç ÷ =a . n
ç a 1 × a 2 × a 3 ¼ to ¥ ÷
è ø
0 Sol. Let S = åsin r a = sin 2a + sin 3a + sin 4a + ¼ + sin na
r =2
1 a a a
Sol. Let a 0 = cosq, then ar = (1 + ar ) gives \ 2sin × S = 2sin a / 2sin 2a + 2sin × sin 3a + 2sin
+1 2 2 2
2
×sin 4a + ¼ + 2sin a / 2.sin na
1 1 q
a1 = (1 + a 0 ) = (1 + cos q ) = cos ì 3a 5a ü ì 5a 7a ü
2 2 2 = í cos - cos ý + í cos - cos ý + ¼ +
î 2 2þ î 2 2 þ
1 1æ qö q
a2 = (1 + a1 ) = ç1 + cos ÷ = cos 2 ì æ 1ö æ 1ö ü
2 2 è 2 ø 2 í cos çn - ÷ a - cos çn + ÷ a ý
î è 2 ø è 2ø þ
1 1æ qö q 3a
a3 = (1 + a 2 ) = ç1 + cos 2 ÷ = cos 3 , … etc. æ 1ö
2 2è 2 ø 2 = cos - cos çn + ÷a
2 è 2ø
æ 3a æ 1ö ö æ æ 1ö 3a ö cos C {sin A sin B - cos C }

ç + çn + ÷ a ÷ ç çn + ÷ a - ÷ =
2 è 2 ø è 2 ø 2 sin A sin B sin C
= 2sin ç ÷ sin ç ÷
ç 2 ÷ ç 2 ÷ [Q cos C = cos( p - ( A + B )) = - cos( A + B )]
ç ÷ ç ÷ cos C {sin A sin B + cos( A + B )}
è ø è ø =
a ( n + 2) a ( n - 1) a sin A sin B sin C
2sin × S = 2sin × sin
2 2 2 cos C {sin A sin B + cos A cos B - sin A sin B }
=
(n - 1)a sin A sin B sin C
sin
2 ( n + 2) a cos A cos B cos C
Þ S= × sin = = cot A × cot B × cot C = RHS
a 2 sin A sin B sin C
sin
2
( n - 1) a l Ex. 133. In DABC, if cot q = cot A + cot B + cot C,
sin
2 2p prove that sin 3 q = sin( A - q ) sin(B - q ) sin(C - q ).
= × sin =0
a 2
sin Sol. We have, cot q = cot A + cot B + cot C
2
Þ cot(q ) - cot( A ) = cot B + cot C
cos q cos A cos B cos C
l Ex. 131. Sum the series 1 + cos a + 1 + cos 2a Þ - = +
sin q sin A sin B sin C
+ 1 + cos 3a +¼ to n terms. cos q sin A - cos A sin q cos B sin C + sin B cos C
Þ =
Sol. We have, sin q sin A sin B sin C
1 + cos a + 1 + cos 2a + 1 + cos 3a + ¼ + 1 + cos na sin( A - q ) sin( B + C )
Þ =
2 2 3a 2
sin A sin q sin B sin C
= 2 cos a / 2 + 2 cos a + 2 cos + … to n terms
2 sin 2 A sin q
Þ sin( A - q ) = …(i)
ì a 2a 3a ü sin B sin C
= 2í cos + cos + cos + ¼ + to n termsý
î 2 2 2 þ sin 2 B sin q
Similarly, sin( B - q ) = …(ii)
na sin A sin C
sin
= 2× 4 × così a + (n - 1) a ü {using formula} sin 2 C sin q
a í ý and sin(C - q ) = …(iii)
sin î2 4þ sin A sin B
4 Multiplying Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
na
sin sin( A - q )sin( B - q )sin(C - q ) = sin 3 q .
= 2 4 .così(n + 1) a ü
a í ý
sin î 4þ l Ex. 134. If A, B, C and D are angles of a quadrilateral
4 A B C D 1
and sin sin sin sin = , then prove that
l Ex. 132. If A + B + C = p, show that 2 2 2 2 4
cot A + cot B + cot C - cosec A cosec B × cosec C = A = B = C = D = p/ 2.
cot A × cot B × cot C æ
Sol. Now, ç2sin
A Bö æ C Dö
× sin ÷ × ç2sin × sin ÷ = 1
cos A cos A cos C 1 è 2 2ø è 2 2ø
Sol. LHS = + + -
A - Bö æ A + B ö üìcos æ C - D ö - cos æ C + D ö ü = 1
sin A sin B sin C sin A × sin B × sin C Þ ìícos æç ÷ - cos ç ÷ ýí ç ÷ ç ÷ý
cos A × sin B sin C + cos B sin A sin C + cos C sin A sin B - 1 î è ø 2 è ø 2 è
þî ø2 è ø2 þ
=
sin A sin B sinC Since, A + B = 2p - (C + D ), the above equation becomes,
æ A-B A + B öæ C -D A + Bö
ç cos - cos ÷ ç cos + cos ÷ =1
sin C (cos A sin B + cos B sin A ) + cos C sin A sin B - 1 è 2 2 øè 2 2 ø
=
sin A sin B sin C A + Bö æ A + B ö ìcos æ A - B ö - cos æ C - D ü + 1
sin C sin( A + B ) + cos C sin A sin B - 1 Þ cos 2 æç ÷ - cos ç ÷í ç ÷ ç ý
= è 2 ø è 2 øî è 2 ø è 2 þ
sin A sin B sin C
æA - Bö æC - D ö
sin 2 C + cos C sin A sin B - 1 - cos ç ÷ cos ç ÷ = 0.
= è 2 ø è 2 ø
sin A sin B sin C
æA + Bö
[using sin( A + B ) = sin( p - C ) = sin C ] This is a quadratic equation in cos ç ÷ which has real
è 2 ø
cos C .sin A sin B - cos 2 C
= roots.
sin A sin B sin C
ìï æ A - B ö æ C - D öü
2
Also, tan 2 x tan 2 y + cot 2 x cot 2 y ³ 2 …(ii)
Þ í cos ç ÷ - cos ç ÷ý -
ïî è 2 ø è 2 øþ 1
Since, a + ³ 2 and equality occurring only when
a
ì æA - Bö æ C - D öü
4 í 1 - cos ç ÷ × cos ç ÷ý ³ 0 a = 1, i.e. tan 2 x tan 2 y = 1
î è 2 ø è 2 øþ
From Eqs. (i) and (ii);
2
æ A-B C - Dö tan 4 x + tan 4 y + 2 cot 2 x cot 2 y ³ 4 …(iii)
Þ ç cos + cos ÷ ³4
è 2 2 ø 2
Also, RHS = 3 + sin ( x + y ) £ 4 …(iv)
A-B C -D
Þ cos + cos ³2 From Eqs. (iii) and (iv),
2 2
LHS = RHS = 4
A-B C -D
Now, both cos and cos £1 Þ tan 2 x = tan 2 y = tan 2 x tan 2 y = 1
2 2
A-B C -D Þ tan x = tan y = ±1
Þ cos = 1 = cos
2 2 Þ tan x = tan y = 1 {as x , y Î [0, p / 2] }
A-B C -D \ x =y = p/4
Þ =0=
2 2 Only one solution i.e. ( x = p /4, y = p /4 ).
Þ A = B, C = D 3p 2p
Similarly, A = C, B = D
l Ex. 137. Prove that tan + 4 sin = 11.
11 11
Þ A = B = C = D = p /2 3p 2p 1 æ 3p 2p 3p ö
Sol. Let y = tan + 4 sin = çsin + 4 sin cos ÷
l Ex. 135. If a, b are two different values of q which satisfy 11 11 cos 3 p è 11 11 11 ø
is bc cos q cos f + ac sin q sin f = ab, then prove that 11
3p 3p 2p 3p
(b 2 + c 2 - a 2 ) cos a cos b + ac sin a sin b = a 2 + b 2 - c 2 . y 2 .cos 2 = sin 2 + 16sin 2 × cos 2 +
11 11 11 11
Sol. We have, bc cos q cos f = ab - ac sin q sin f. 2p 3p 3p
Þ b 2c 2 cos2 q cos2 f = a 2b 2 + a 2c 2 sin 2 q sin 2 f - 2a 2bc sin qsin f 8sin × cos × sin
11 11 11
Þ (a 2c 2 sin 2 f + b 2c 2 cos 2 f )sin 2 q - 2a 2bc sin q sin f + 3 p 3 p 2 p 3 p
Þ 2 cos 2 y 2 = 2sin 2 + 32sin 2 × cos 2 +
a 2b 2 - b 2c 2 cos 2 f = 0 11 11 11 11
2p 6p
a 2b 2 - b 2c 2 cos 2 f 8sin × sin
Þ sin a sin b = …(i) 11 11
a c sin 2 f + b 2c 2 cos 2 f
2 2
= ç1 - cos ÷ + 8ç1 - cos ÷ × ç1 + cos ÷ +
Similarly, ac sin q sin f = ab - bc cos f cos q è 11 ø è 11 ø è 11 ø
Þ a 2c 2 sin 2 q sin 2 f = a 2b 2 + b 2c 2 cos2 q cos2 f - 2ab 2c cos q cos f æ 4p 8p ö
a 2b 2 - a 2c 2 sin 2 f 4 ç cos - cos ÷
\ cos a cos b = 2 2 2 …(ii) è 11 11 ø
a c sin f + b 2c 2 cos 2 f
On substituting the value from Eqs. (i) and (ii) in 6p 4p 4p 6p 8p
= 9 + 7 cos - 4 cos - 8 cos × cos - 4 cos
(b 2 + c 2 - a 2 )cos a cos b + ac sin a sin b, we get 11 11 11 11 11
(b 2 + c 2 - a 2 )(a 2b 2 - a 2c 2 sin 2 f ) + ac(a 2b 2 - b 2c 2 cos2 f ) 6p 4p æ 10 p 2 p ö 8p
Þ = 9 + 7 cos - 4 cos - 4 ç cos + cos ÷ - 4 cos
11 11 è 11 11 ø 11
a 2c 2 sin 2 f + b 2c 2 cos2 f
6p 2p 4p 6p 8p 10 p ö
Þ (a 2 + b 2 - c 2 ) = RHS = 9 + 11 cos - 4 æç cos + cos + cos + cos + cos ÷
11 è 11 11 11 11 11 ø
l Ex. 136. Find all number pairs x , y that satisfy the
equaion; æ æ 2p 2p ö æ 5p ö ö
ç cos ç + 2 × ÷ × sin ç ÷ ÷
4 4 2 2 2 6p è 11 11 ø è 11 ø
tan x + tan y + 2 cot x cot y = 3 + sin (x + y ); " = 9 + 11 cos -4 ç ÷
é pù 11 ç sin p / 11 ÷
x , y Î ê0 , ú ç ÷
è ø
ë 2û
6p 5p
Sol. We know, a 4 + b 4 ³ 2a 2b 2 {AM ³ GM} 4 cos × sin
6p 11 11
\ tan 4 x + tan 4 y ³ 2 tan 2 x tan 2 y …(i) = 9 + 11 cos -
11 p
2 2
sin
Equality occurring only when tan x = tan y = 1. 11
12p æ 2kp 2kp ö

6p
2sin x = ç cos + i sin ÷
= 9 + 11 cos - 11 è 7 7 ø
11 p
sin Þ x = e i 2kp/ 7 [where, k = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
11
6
6p 6p ö
= 9 + 11 cos
æ
+ 2 = 11ç1 + cos ÷ Þ å e i 2kp/ 7 = 0
11 è 11 ø k =0
6
æ 3p ö 3p
2y 2 × ç cos 2 ÷ = 22 cos 2
è 11 ø 11
Þ y 2 = 11 Þ 1+ å e i 2kp/ 7 = 0
k =1
Þ y = 11 [as y > 0] 3
Þ 1+ å (e i 2kp/ 7 + e -2kp/ 7 ) = 0
k =1
2p 4p 8p 7
l Ex. 138. Prove that sin + sin + sin = . 3
2k p
7 7 7 2 Þ 1+ å 2.cos 7
=0
Sol. Put, 7q = 2np, where n is any integer, then k =1
4 q = 2n p - 3q æ 3
k pö
Þ 1 + 2 å ç1 - 2sin 2 ÷ =0
Þ sin( 4 q ) = sin (2n p - 3q ) = - sin 3q …(i) è 7 ø
k =1
2p 4p
This means sinq takes the values; 0, ±sin , ±sin é p 2p 3p ö ù
7 7 æ
Þ 1 + 2 ê3 - 2 çsin 2 + sin 2 + sin 2 ÷ ú = 0
8p ë è 7 7 7 øû
and ±sin .
7 p 2p 3p 7
6p æ 8p ö Þ sin 2 + sin 2 + sin 2 =
Since, sin = - sin ç ÷ 7 7 7 4
7 è7 ø
8p 2p 4p 7
Þ sin 2 + sin 2 + sin 2 =
From Eq. (i), we now get 2sin 2q .cos 2q = 4 sin 3 q - 3sin q 7 7 7 4
Þ 4 sin q cos q (1 - 2sin 2 q ) = sin q ( 4 sin 2 q - 3) 2 p 4 p 8 p 7
Þ sin 2 + sin 2 + sin 2 = …(i)
Þ 4 cos q (1 - 2sin 2 q ) = 4 sin 2 q - 3 7 7 7 4
2p 4p 4p 8p 8p 2p
Þ 16 cos 2 q (1 - 2sin 2 q )2 = ( 4 sin 2 q - 3)2 and sin × sin + sin × sin + sin × sin
7 7 7 7 7 7
Þ 16(1 - sin 2 q )(1 - 4 sin 2 q + 4 sin 4 q ) 1é 2p 6p 4p 12p 6p 10p ù
= ê cos - cos + cos - cos + cos - cos
= 16sin 4 q - 24 sin 2 q + 9 2ë 7 7 7 7 7 7 úû
Þ 64 sin 6 q - 112sin 4 q + 56sin 2 q - 7 = 0 1é 2p 4p æ 2p ö æ 4p öù
= ê cos + cos - cos ç2p - ÷ - cos ç2p - ÷
2
This is a cubic in sin q with the roots, 2ë 7 7 è 7 ø è 7 ø úû
æ 2p ö æ 4p ö æ 8p ö 1é 2p 4p 2p 4p ù
sin 2 ç ÷, sin 2 ç ÷, sin 2 ç ÷ = ê cos + cos - cos - cos =0 …(ii)
è7 ø è 7 ø è7 ø 2ë 7 7 7 7 úû
\ Sum of the roots is From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
æ 2p ö æ 4p ö æ 8p ö 112 7
sin 2 ç ÷ + sin 2 ç ÷ + sin 2 ç ÷ = = æ 2p 4p 8p ö 2p
2
4p 8p
è7 ø è 7 ø è 7 ø 64 4 çsin + sin + sin ÷ = sin 2 + sin 2 + sin 2
è 7 7 7 ø 7 7 7
We already proved
2p 4p 4p 8p 8p p 7
sin × sin + sin × sin + sin sin = 0 =
7 7 7 7 7 7 4
2 2p 4p 8p 7
æ 2p 4p 8p ö 7 Þ sin + sin + sin =
So, çsin + sin + sin ÷ = 7 7 7 2
è 7 7 7 ø 4
2p 4p 8p 7 Ex. 139. In a DABC, tan A + tan B + tan C = k , then find
Þ sin + sin + sin = l
7 7 7 2
the interval in which k should lie so that
Alternate Method
(A) there exists exactly one isosceles triangle ABC
x7 - 1 = 0
(B) there exists exactly two isosceles triangle ABC
[assuming x as the seventh root of unity]
7
(C) can there exist three non-similar isosceles triangles for
x = 1 + 0.i = cos(2kp ) + i sin(2kp ) any real value of k.
Sol. Let A = B, then 2A + C = 180° æ k2 ö

and 2tan A + tan C = k …(i) Þ k ç1 - ÷ <0 Þ k >3 3
è 27 ø
Now, 2A + C = 180° Y Y
Þ tan 2A = - tan C
Also, 2tan A + tan C = k X X X
O k/3 O k/3
Þ 2 tan A + tan(180 - 2A ) = k
k/3
Þ 2 tan A - tan 2A = k
2 tan A In figure (ii), one such triangle is possible. The
Þ 2 tan A - =k
1 - tan 2 A condition is f (k /3) = 0
Þ k = 3 3.
Þ 2 tan A (1 - tan 2 A - 1) = k - k tan 2 A
Þ 2 tan 3 A - k tan 2 A + k = 0 In figure (iii), no such triangle is possible. The
condition is f (k /3) > 0
Let, tan A = x , x > 0 (as A < 90°)
æ k2 ö
Then let, f ( x ) = 2x 3 - kx 2 + k …(ii) Þ k ç1 - ÷ >0
2 è 27 ø
f ¢ ( x ) = 6x - 2kx = 0
Þ x = k /3, 0 Þ k < 3 3.
Following cases arises (iii) k = 0, graph will be shown as, so no such triangle is
(i) k < 0, three graphs of cubic equation (ii) are possible. possible. Hence, the solution for mentioned
Clearly, in all these case, only one triangle is possible conditions;
and the condition for that triangle to be possible is \ (A) either k < 0 or k = 3 3
f (0) < 0 Þ k < 0 so for k < 0 only one isosceles triangle
is possible. (B) k > 3 3
Y
Y Y Y
k/3 k/3 X
O X O X O X O
k/3
(ii) k > 0, three graphs of the cubic equation (ii) are (C) Clearly, there will never exists three or more than
possible. In fig. (i), two such triangle are possible. The three non-similar isosceles triangle for any value
condition is f (k /3) < 0. of k.

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JEE Type Solved Examples :

Single Option Correct Type Questions

On multiplying Eqs. (i) and (ii) we get p 3p 5p 7p 9p

æ 2p ö (a) sin a, sin b , sin c

x sin c + y sin 2c + z sin 3c = sin 4c Sol. (b) Given, sin nq = åb

Then, the roots of the equation + ... + bn sinn q ...(i)

Put q = 0 in the given inequality, we get

Now differentiate both sides with respect to q, we get Sol. (b) AB = 0

l Ex. 31. The maximum value of (cos a 1 ) (cos a 2 ) ... é p p ù

1 Sol. (a) a sin x + b cos( x + q) + b cos( x - q) = d

x y x y 2a 2 sin a sin b cos(a - b )

sin 2 (a - b) - sin 2 a(sin 2 b + sin 2 g - 2 sin 2 b sin 2 g ) = 0

l Ex. 46. If 2 cos A = cos B + cos 3 B, and x1 x c -a

JEE Type Solved Examples :

èxø x Þ S cos a = 0 and S sin a = 0

JEE Type Solved Examples :

= tan(2n q ) × cot q sin 3

Sol. (b) tan A + tan B + tan C = 3 3 Y

l Ex. 77. Let us define the function f ( x ) = x 2 + x + 1

JEE Type Solved Examples :

Passage II l Ex. 83. Sum of all values of x satisfying the equation

y3 x3 l Ex. 87. If sin q + cos q = a and sin 3 q + cos 2 q = b, then

Squaring Eq. (i), we get

JEE Type Solved Examples :

(D) tan q = 3 tan f (D) We have, 2 - cos x + sin 2 x = 2 - cos x + 1 - cos 2 x

2 + 2 tan q 1 tan q 2 tan q 3 tan q 4 b

JEE Type Solved Examples :

sin 4q 2 sin A cos C = sin A (sin B ¹ 0)

sin 20° 1 l Ex. 102. If sin a , sin b, sin g are in AP and

æ 3p ö l Ex. 106. If sin x 1 + sin x 2 + sin x 3 + ... + sin x 2008 = 2008,

æ sin A cos A ö \The given expression =

l Ex. 113. If a tan a + (a 2 - 1) tan b æ 3p ö æ 3p ö æ 2p ö æ 3p ö

Subjective Type Examples

cos(sin q ) > sin(cos q ). + cos x

ïì æ 1 - t 12 öïü ïì æ 1 - t 22 öïü Þ 2x 3 - 3x 2 cos( A - B ) - 2x cos 2 ( A + B ) +

sin 2B cos( A - B ) = 0. Þ n cos q (m cos q + m ¢ ) + n ¢ (m ¢ + m cos q ) = - mn sin 2 q

l Ex 128. Prove that from the equality \ a1 × a 2 × a 3 ¼ an

æ 3a æ 1ö ö æ æ 1ö 3a ö cos C {sin A sin B - cos C }

12p æ 2kp 2kp ö

Sol. Let A = B, then 2A + C = 180° æ k2 ö

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