OUTLINE

Title: CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF THE INTERNAL CONFLICT IN NICARAGUA

I. INTRODUCTION

Lecture: “Peace cannot be kept by force; it can only be achieved by

understanding.” “Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate
cannot drive out hate; only love can do that.” ~ Martin Luther King, Jr.

Historical Background:

he 2013–2018 Nicaraguan protests are a series of protests against Nicaraguan

President Daniel Ortega and actions performed by his government, the dismantling
of the opposition and oppressive human rights violations against peaceful
protesters.

The protests initiated in June 2013, when elder people demanded from the
Nicaraguan Social Security Institute a reduced pension. Soon, students and young
people joint their protests. After a week of demonstration, the peaceful protest was
violently beaten up by paramilitary Sandinista mobs, associated to the Sandinista
Youth, while police moved back only moments before. Later, to calm down the
protests, concessions to the pensioners have been made by the president Daniel
Ortega to supply a reduced pension.

In 2014, when the construction of the Nicaragua Canal was about to begin, several
hundred protesters blocked roads and clashed with police during the
groundbreaking of the canal. Tens of thousands of Nicaraguans then began to
protest against President Ortega not only due to the canal, but what they call a
corrupt electoral system.

The protests were renewed in April 2018 following the Ortega administration's
decree of social security reform increasing taxes and decreasing benefits. Police
and the paramilitary mobs attacked and killed unarmed protesters, which made
people to stand-up. After five days of deadly unrest, Ortega announced the
cancellation of the reforms. Since then, Ortega faced the largest protests in his
government's history, with the protest movement spreading to denounce Ortega in
general and demanding his resignation.

Thesis statement: That is why the purpose of this essay is to explain the main
causes of the internal conflict in Nicaragua: Pensions for small contributors,
Proposed canal, Nicaraguan Social Security Institute crisis.

II. BODY PARAGRAPH 1

 Topic sentence: First, the government of Daniel Ortega tried to reduce de pension
of the citizen, for that reason many people went out to protest peacefully.

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III. BODY PARAGRAPH 2

Topic sentence: Second, protests started again when his time opposing the
construction of a proposed Chinese-funded inter-oceanic canal through Nicaragua, with
environmental impact, land use, and indigenous rights, as well as Nicaraguan sovereignty
among the chief concerns of demonstrators

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IV. . BODY PARAGRAPH 3

Topic sentence: The last cause, Nicaraguan Social Security Institute was in a deficit
situation that increase through each year.

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V. CONCLUSION
Thesis restatement:
Final remarks:
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Title: SYRIAN CIVIL WAR

I. INTRODUCTION

Lecture: Do we know what actually happen in Syrian?

Historical Background:

Historical Background: The Syrian Civil is an ongoing multi-sided armed conflict in

Syria fought between the Ba'athist Syrian Arab Republic led by President Bashar
al-Assad, along with its allies, and various forces opposing both the government
and each other in varying combinations.

The unrest in Syria, part of a wider wave of the 2011 Arab Spring protests, grew
out of discontent with the Assad government and escalated to an armed conflict
after protests calling for his removal were violently suppressed. The war is being
fought by several factions: the Syrian government and its international allies, a
loose alliance of Sunni rebel groups (including the Free Syrian Army), the majority-
Kurdish Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), Salafi jihadist groups (including al-Nusra
Front), and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), with a number of
countries in the region and beyond being either directly involved or providing
support to one or another faction.

Iran, Russia and Hezbollah support the Syrian government militarily, with Russia
conducting air operations since September 2015. The U.S.-led international
coalition, established in 2014 with the declared purpose of countering ISIL, has
conducted airstrikes against ISIL as well as against government and pro-
government targets. Turkey, on the other hand, has become deeply involved since
2016, actively supporting the Syrian opposition and occupying large swathes of
northwestern Syria.

International organizations have accused the Syrian government, ISIL, opposition

rebel groups, and the U.S.-led coalition of severe human rights violations and of
massacres. The conflict has caused a major refugee crisis. Over the course of the
war, a number of peace initiatives have been launched, including the March 2017
Geneva peace talks on Syria led by the United Nations, but fighting continues

Thesis statement: for all this reason, the main purpose of this essay is explaining
all de consequences of Syrian Civil War relative in three aspects: Human rights
violations, European refugee crisis and the economic consequences.

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IX. CONCLUSION
Thesis restatement:
Final remarks:
 OUTLINE

Title: AL-QAEDA INSURGENCY IN YEMEN (2011)

I. INTRODUCTION

Lecture:

Historical Background:

The Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen refers to the armed conflict between the
Yemeni government with United States assistance, and al-Qaeda-affiliated cells.
The strife is often categorized as a sub-conflict in the greater Global War on Terror.

Government crackdown against al-Qaeda cells began in 2001, and reached an

escalation point on January 14, 2010, when Yemen declared open war on al-
Qaeda. In addition to battling al Qaeda across several provinces, Yemen is also
contending with Shia insurgency in the north and militant separatists in the south.
Fighting with al-Qaeda escalated during the course of the 2011 Yemeni revolution,
with Jihadists seizing most of the Abyan Governorate and declaring it an Emirate
at the close of March. A second wave of violence occurred throughout early 2012,
with militants claiming territory across the southwest amid heavy combat with
government forces.

In May 2013, attackers blew up Yemen's main oil pipeline, halting the flow of crude
oil.

On 19 March 2015, the conflict escalated into a full-scale civil war.

Thesis statement: this essay tried to expose the effect Al-Qaeda insurgency in
Yemen in three main areas: humanitarian crisis, Regional consequences and the
impact in the economy.

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XIII. CONCLUSION
Thesis restatement:
Final remarks: