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org International Journal of Automation and Power Engineering (IJAPE) Volume 2 Issue 7, November 2013
SCADA Based Degaussing System
Yash Thadhani*1, Piyush Santwani2, Dhruv Vazirani3
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Thadomal Shahani Engineering College, Mumbai, India
*1 iwp.yash@gmail.com; 2psantwani@gmail.com; 3dhruvasv5@gmail.com
Abstract equipped with degaussing windings in order to
Sea mines equipped with magnetic influence firing systems disguise and hide themselves better. Algorithms like
are effective and inexpensive underwater weapons. Thus swarm algorithms are developed to improve the
effective measures for magnetic signature management are calibrations of degaussing systems, optimization and
required to protect vessels against the threat from these sea safety [2]. A pragmatic approach would be to use a
mines. To this date, advanced state of the art degaussing SCADA system. SCADA systems collect data from
systems are the most effective means of protecting a ship devices in remote or hazardous locations and send it
against modern sea mines. These systems reduce the to the remote terminal units (RTUs) for monitoring.
magnetic field of vessels to acceptable levels, as required for
Present SCADA monitoring systems use microwave
the fulfilment of their mission. This effectively limits their
endangerment during combat and in wartime cruising.
links but a more convenient and cost effective method
SCADA, an acronym for Supervisory Control and Data would be to use Signaling system No.7 (SS7) to IP
Acquisition, is an industrial control system (ICS) which networks using a SIGTRAN interchanger software [4].
acquires information about a remote object with the SCADA systems help in the truncation of hardware
intention of controlling it. The degaussing system could be and are also used in measurement of temperature of
designed as a ‘modular, decentralized, computer controlled industrial boilers, refrigerators and heaters for
system’ thereby falling under the category of SCADA immediate control and monitoring. The SCADA
systems. system includes a human machine interface (e.g.
Keywords computer) to provide convenient operation and
S.C.A.D.A; H.M.I; C.C.U; Hexadecimal Encoding; Degaussing
control, a supervisory system which gathers data from
Coils the HMI issuing error signals and a communication
infrastructure to transmit data from HMI to
Introduction supervisory system and vice‐versa[1]. In our proposed
approach, the HMI exchanges handshaking signals
A steel‐hulled ship is like a huge floating magnet with
with power amplifiers mounted on a Digital Signal
a large magnetic field surrounding it. As the ship
Processor (DSP) Development board and connected to
moves through the water, this field also moves and
the degaussing coils of the marine vessel, to acquire
adds to or subtracts from the Earthʹs magnetic field.
their status and current parameters. Based on these
Because of its distortion effects on the Earth’s magnetic
parameters, the HMI generates a current reference
field, the ship can act as a trigger device for magnetic
(basically a value) which it sends back to the power
sensitive ordnance (mines) which are designed to
amplifiers. Based on this value, the power amplifiers
detect these distortions.
alter the current flowing through the degaussing coils
Degaussing reduces the shipʹs effect on the Earthʹs and thereby the magnetic field associated with them.
magnetic field. In order to accomplish this, the change
in the Earthʹs field about the shipʹs hull is ʺcanceledʺ System Architecture
by controlling the electric current flowing through
The Human Machine Interface (HMI) could be a
degaussing coils wound in specific locations within
simple Graphic User Interface (GUI) created in Visual
the hull. This, in turn, reduces the possibility of
Studio, present on a computer monitored by a person.
detection by mines.
Serial communication was earlier used primarily for
The need for magnetic signature control has led to the all long‐haul communication, however, now serial
development of a three axis advanced degaussing buses are common even at shorter distances due to
system. It requires only DC currents for field improved signal integrity and transmission speeds in
manipulations [3]. The vessels and submarines are newer serial technologies. RS‐232 standard for serial
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International Journal of Automation and Power Engineering (IJAPE) Volume 2 Issue 7, November 2013 www.ijape.org
communication could be implemented by using the conformal coating and a robust mechanical design
DB9 termination present on the CPU of the computer qualify these products for the use in harsh industrial
on which the HMI is installed. Since the computer environment. It converts 230V input AC supply to
provides only one serial termination, an N‐port 24VDC which is then stepped down to 5VDC, 3.3VDC
Terminal Server may be employed if the HMI needs to and 15VDC. 24V is supplied to the DSP board, 3.3V to
communicate with multiple devices (other than the the XDS510PP PLUS Parallel Port JTAG Emulator
amplifier). The significance of this device could be (optional) and 24V to the RS232‐RS485 convertor
better understood while discussing the active mode of which is connected to NPort‐6650.
operation listed under future scope. An RS‐232 to RS‐
3). RS232‐RS485 Convertor: The RS232 output terminal
485 converter may be employed if one wishes to
of the NPort‐6650 is connected to the DSP develop‐
exploit the advantages of the RS‐485 standard, the
ment board via the RS232‐RS485 convertor. Either
primary one being that since RS‐485 uses a differential
ADAM or ICPCON convertors may be used but since
balanced line over twisted pair, it resists electro‐
the baud rates of ICPCON RS232‐RS485 convertors are
magnetic interference from neighboring devices.
internally programmed; they are preferred over
ADAM convertors.
4). DSP‐TMS320F2812: It is the Texas Instruments (TI)
next‐generation 32‐bit fixed‐point digital signal
processor (DSP). The nine power amplifiers are
mounted on the DSP development board. The DSP
chip receives the hexadecimal string (explained later)
sent by the HMI, decodes it, extracts the current
parameters and based on the receiver addresses passes
them on to their respective power amplifiers.
5). Parallel Port (CPU) and XDS510PP PLUS Parallel
Port JTAG Emulator: A complete development
FIG. 1 BLOCK DIAGRAM environment is provided for Texas Instruments Digital
Signal Processors and Microcontrollers with JTAG
The power amplifiers are mounted on the DSP
interface. The XDS510PP PLUS JTAG emulator plugs
Development board. Some of the components might
onto JTAG header (2 x 7) on DSP target board. The
require a DC driving voltage which could be supplied
emulator operates through parallel port on PC. This
using the TRACO power supply.
device is used to flash the code onto the DSP chip.
Hardware Moreover, it is compatible with Code Composer
StudioTM IDE from Texas Instruments which may be
1). Serial Port and Moxa N‐Port Series: In order to used for compiling and debugging the code.
maximize the number of available ports for serial
communication; a Moxa N‐Port 6650‐16 is installed. Software Simulation and Results
Serial devices of any type can be connected to the N‐ The HMI has been developed using Microsoft Visual
Port 6650, and each serial port on the N‐Port could be C# 2008. National Instruments Amplifier Simulator is
configured independently for RS‐232 or RS‐485 used to simulate the nine power amplifiers (PA)
transmission. When a communication failure occurs, monitored by the HMI. The PA are stacked into three
the data is stored in the N‐Port 6000. Upon resumption Power cabinets (POC) in a group of three – PA1.1 to
of communication, the buffered data will be sent to the PA1.3 in POC1; PA2.1 to PA2.3 in POC2 and PA3.1 to
destination. The default size of the port buffer is 64 KB PA3.3 in POC3. On the ship each PA is connected to a
for each port. set of degaussing coils denoted by L, V, A as seen in
2). Traco Power Supply: With the TXM series, fig 3 (for representational purposes only).
TRACOPOWER introduces a new generation of power
Status Acquisition
supplies with the popular form factor “metal
enclosure with screw terminal connection”. The new The power amplifiers may be in one of the three states:
design provides an improved efficiency and reduced On, Off, Stand By. On the simulator, one selects the
power consumption at no load. Good EMC immunity, amplifier, one wishes to set in Stand By or turn On, by
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www.ijape.org International Journal of Automation and Power Engineering (IJAPE) Volume 2 Issue 7, November 2013
header
data checksum
Octet 0 Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4 Octet 5
Synchro Size MsgIdent Sender Receiver Amplifier Status (only for status response messages)
FIG. 2 THE HANDSHAKING SIGNALS EXCHANGED BETWEEN THE HMI AND SIMULATOR WHILE THE
AMPLIFIERS ARE IN ON STATE.
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International Journal of Automation and Power Engineering (IJAPE) Volume 2 Issue 7, November 2013 www.ijape.org
FIG. 3 ALL AMPLIFIERS CONFIGURED TO ON STATE (DENOTED BY TICKS IN FIG. 2)
FIG. 4 THE SENT PARAMETERS SECTION AFTER HEXADECIMAL CONVERSION ARE VISIBLE IN THE C.C.U. SECTION.
The next byte is the most important one in this string which contains the hex equivalent values of all
string which denotes the current status of the current parameters, namely, Output current, Current
amplifier. Here it is ‘64h’ which indicates that Order, Output Voltage, Coil resistance and Output
the amplifier is in Stand By. Power. The format of this string (visible in the ‘TO
This seven byte ‘Status response’ message is C.C.U.’ section as seen in fig. 4): 55 05 04 01 10 65
received once from each power amplifier. All 0fa0 0fa0 0fa0 0fa0 0004 2f
messages are similar differing only in sender The value of Output Current (40)10 is first
address which varies from ‘01h’ corresponding multiplied by 100 yielding (4000)10; which is
to PA‐1.1 to ‘09h’ corresponding to PA‐3.3. converted to its hex equivalent (0fa0)16. This
Octet 4 or the byte denoting amplifier status value is visible in figure 4.
would be ‘65h’ in case the amplifier to whom The primary difference between this string and
the ‘Status inquiry’ message was directed is the ‘Status response’ string discussed in earlier
turned ON. This is visible in figures 2 and 3. is the presence of data whose position was
indicated clearly in the message structure.
Parameter Acquisition
After hexadecimal conversion (0fa0)16 is
On receiving the ‘parameter request’ string: 55 05 05 inserted in the string just after the ‘Amplifier
10 01 01 02 Status’ octet (65h).
The amplifier simulator responds with its own 17 byte However, before transmitting on serial port, it
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www.ijape.org International Journal of Automation and Power Engineering (IJAPE) Volume 2 Issue 7, November 2013
FIG. 5 RECEIVED PARAMETERS DISPLAYED ON THE HMI
FIG. 6 PA‐1.2 RECEIVES AN ENCODED MESSAGE INSTRUCTED BY THE TUNING SECTION.
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International Journal of Automation and Power Engineering (IJAPE) Volume 2 Issue 7, November 2013 www.ijape.org
Tuning the Amplifiers these coils can be altered using the slider tool or by
merely entering the numeric value in the textboxes.
Each power amplifier is connected to a set of degaussing The total current associated with each power amplifier
coils; their functions being to produce magnetic fields is the sum of the currents flowing through its coils;
to counteract the ship’s magnetisation as follows: and this value is displayed on the vertical bar to the
The fields of the V loops counteract the ship’s right of the tuning section. The operator may repeat
vertical magnetisation. this process for the other PAs. The final paramters are
The fields of the L loops counteract the ship’s then hexadecimally encoded and appended to the
longitudinal magnetisation. message string which is transmitted to the amplifier
The fields of the A loops counteract the ship’s simulator.
arthwartship magnetisation. Analysing the Message Structure
On the H.M.I. these coils are labelled as L1, L2, L3 Message received from the C.C.U. is: 55 16 02 10 00
connected to PA‐1.1; V1, V2, V3 connected to PA‐1.2 0000 a00f 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 FE.
and so on and so forth. Once amplifier status and
55h is the Synchro byte.
parameters have been acquired, the tuning section of
the H.M.I. provides the operator, the necessary tools to 16h = (22)10. There are 22 bytes following the
alter the current values sent to various power ‘size’ byte in the message.
amplifiers thereby altering the magnetic fields Since the function of the CCU (Tuning section)
associated with the degaussing coils. is to ‘set’ the values of the Induced and
Permanent currents, the MsgIdent value is 02.
The “System TUNING” sub‐menu allows introducing
each amplifier, the Permanent and Induced current The value of the sender ID is always 10, since
values, as defined after ship ranging. The system the sending system (CCU) is unique and fixed.
defines for each amplifier 3 different values of Induced The receiver’s ID is determined by the
currents, one in each axis, driven by the corresponding destination power amplifier.
Earth magnetic field component. The tuning sub‐menu This field constitutes the data sent by the CCU
on the HMI has been designed in order to manually to the simulator, i.e. the current information set
control and over‐ride the current passing through the by the tuning section.
tuning coils in the submarine. It also features an easily
Here, the data field is [PA‐1.1] 0000 [PA‐1.2] a00f [PA‐
operable recording/reproducing facility for the data in
1.3] 0000 [PA‐2.1] 0000 [PA‐2.2] 0000 [PA‐2.3] 0000
process.
[PA‐3.1] 0000 [PA‐3.2] 0000 [PA‐3.3] 0000. Each pair of
The operator can select any one of the power byte represents the current corresponding to each
amplifiers using the drop‐down menu provided. Each power amplifier. Since current of 40 amps is sent only
power amplifier is linked with the permanent and one to PA‐1.2, the data fields corresponding to the other
of L,V or A coils. The current associated with any of power amplifiers is 0000.
FIG. 7 TUNING SECTION
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www.ijape.org International Journal of Automation and Power Engineering (IJAPE) Volume 2 Issue 7, November 2013
FIG. 8 FILE HANDLING GUI
Algorithm for converting (40)10 to (a00f) 16: Multiply Office.Interop.Excel assembly. Microsoft Excel Object
the decimal value (40) with 100 = 4000. Convert the Library is selected and added to the project in order to
result into hexadecimal: (4000)10= (0fa0)16 which is create an automation client for Microsoft Excel.
transmitted as two separate bytes over the serial
connection, i.e. 0fh and a0h. The two bytes are
swapped and the resultant pair of bytes is sent to the
simulator, i.e. a00f.
Checksum: The checksum is an exclusive OR of
all the previous byte in the message. Here, 55
xor 16 xor 02 xor 10 xor a0 xor 0f = FEh.
File Handling
An additional feature of the tuning section is the
facility of recording/saving the current values and
retrieving them later for quick load. When a file is
opened for reading or writing, it becomes stream.
Stream is a sequence of bytes traveling from a source
to a destination over a communication path. The two
basic streams are input and output streams. Input FIG. 9 EXCEL DATABASE
stream and output stream are used to read and write,
respectively. The save button on the tuning form is Advantages and Disadvantages
programmed to create a .INI file at a pre‐defined Advantages
location on the computer. The .ini file is automatically
named in the format “tuning yyyy‐mm‐dd hh‐mm‐ The computer can record and store a very large
ss.ini.” INI files are simple text files with a basic amount of data.
structure composed of ʺsectionsʺ and ʺpropertiesʺ. The data can be displayed in any way the user
requires.
Excel Database The operator can incorporate real data
Another useful feature included in the application is a simulations into the system.
database of all the previously saved changes in the SCADA systems can often be accessed remotely
form of an excel datasheet. The excel file is updated through an internet connect on your office
when the save button is clicked. Excel creates xls and computer or laptop, and even your cell phone
xlsx files. They are handled with the Microsoft. or tablet.
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International Journal of Automation and Power Engineering (IJAPE) Volume 2 Issue 7, November 2013 www.ijape.org
Disadvantages flowing through the degaussing coils. This completely
eliminates the need for a human operator to
Different operating skills are required, such as
periodically monitor the HMI.
system analysts and programmer.
A primary threat is that of unauthorized access REFERENCES
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