Notes

Key
Listed as permitted Specific notes

Not listed as permitted • F 1 FDA certification is required.

Data unknown or unreliable • F 2 E.U.-wide ratification of food color Directive

for pharma products expected (listed as E129).

Allowed in existing formulations; • F 3 E.U.-wide ratification of food color

Directive for pharma products expected
should be avoided in new
(listed as E133).
formulations
• F 4 The scientific committee on medi-
cinal products and medical devices
Dye only allowed; (EC DG XXIV) expressed, in
aluminium lake not permitted October 1998, the opinion that
there is no toxicological reason to
delist this color. It is thought that
Known to be used though not this color will remain permanently
officially listed listed for pharmaceutical use
sometime after 2002 in the E.U.

Permitted, but use generally • F 5 Not used.

discouraged • F 6 Coating only, not core-coloring.

Quantity restriction applies • F 7 Not more than 5mg/day.

• F 8 Not more than 5mg/day elemental iron.

Colorants accepted in E.U., Japan
• F 9 Specific ADI values apply, and are listed
and U.S.A. on page 9.

• F 10 Not more than 0.1% by weight of color

(lake or dye).

General notes on countries • F 11 Not more than 0.2% by weight of color

(lake or dye).
• Costa Rica: Maximum of 3 colorants permitted to obtain
the desired color. • F 12 Should be listed as turmeric extract.

• Croatia: Not yet known to have issued new regulations -
Utilises regulation from ex-Yugoslavia.
• Ecuador: No specific local regulations known - Follow
U.S.A.
• F 13 Must comply with medicinal carbon
JP specifications if used for manufacture in
Japan.
• F 14 Chlorophyllin copper complex only.

• E.U. European Union • F 15 Not more than six synthetic colors

may be blended. (Slovakia)
• Iran: ADI values are reportedly mandatory but not known
to be enforced. (F18) • F 16 Avoid in new formulations.

• Japan: All lakes must have a pure color content greater
than 10%. (F24)
• Latvia: Has not yet issued own regulations. Permits all
colors accepted in the E.U. or U.S.A.
• Lithuania: Not yet known to have issued new regulations.
Utilises regulation from ex-U.S.S.R..
• Slovakia: Not more than six synthetic colors may be
blended. (F15)
• F 17 Use generally discouraged.
• F 18 ADI values are reportedly mandatory
but not known to be enforced. (Iran)
• F 19 Permitted for external use only.
• F 20 Based on French regulations;
no local list known. (Vietnam)
• F 21 Not more than 0.1% by weight.

• Slovenia: Not yet known to have issued new regulations - • F 22 Not more than 5mg/kg of weight per day
Utilises regulation from ex-Yugoslavia. (meaning is unclear).

• U.A.E. United Arab Emirates • F 23 Future status is under debate.

• Ukraine: Not yet known to have issued new regulations - • F 24 All lakes must have a pure color content
Utilises regulation from ex-U.S.S.R. greater than 10%. (Japan)

• F 25 Requires label declaration.

• Vietnam: Based on French regulations; not local list known.
(F20)
• F 26 Requires label declaration: Allergic reac-
tion may occur.
• Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro): Not yet known
to have issued new regulations - Utilises regulation from • F 27 Only ß-carotene.
ex-Yugoslavia.
NB: Newly independent states of the former Yugoslavia are • F 28 Should not be made by ammonia
not yet known to have issued individual color regulations. process.
 Abbreviations
ADI Acceptable Daily Intake. An estimate of
the amount of a substance in food or
drinking-water, expressed on a body-
weight basis, that can be ingested daily
over a lifetime without appreciable risk
(standard human = 60 kg). The ADI is
listed in units of mg per kg of body
weight.

WHO World Health Organization

ADI/WHO ADI recommended by WHO

D&C Designation applied in USA to dyes

permitted for use in drugs and cosmetics

FDA Food and Drug Administration (U.S.A.)

FD&C Designation applied in USA to dyes

permitted for use in foods, drugs
and cosmetics

C.I. Color Index numbers of 1971

E.U. European Union

U.A.E. United Arab Emirates

JP Japanese Pharmacopoeia

Main regulatory
texts
E.U. J.O. EEC 78/25 and 95/45

Japan Specification and standards for food

additives VIIth edition, 1999; Japanese
Pharmacopoeia rev. 14, 2001; Japanese
Pharmaceutical Excipients 1998

U.S.A. 21 CFR parts 73-74

36 colorants
covering
80 Color

White
Principal Name

Titanium Dioxide
US Name C.I. Name

C.I. Pigment White 6

countries Beige

Red
Caramel

Acid Fuchsine B D&C Red 33

C.I. Natural Brown 10

C.I. Food Red 12

Allura Red AC FD&C Red 40 C.I. Food Red 17
Amaranth FD&C Red 2 C.I. Food Red 9
Anthocyanins
Azorubine C.I. Food Red 3

The Capsugel List of Colorants for oral Beetroot Red

Canthaxanthin C.I. Food Orange 8
drugs is a practical and reliable tool to Cochineal Extract C.I. Natural Red 4
Eosine YS D&C Red 22 C.I. Red 87
help in developing colored oral forms. Erythrosine FD&C Red 3 (As Dye Only) C.I. Food Red 14
Iron Oxide Red C.I. Pigment Red 101 & 102
This 11 th edition has been extensively Phloxine B D&C Red 28
Ponceau 4R C.I. Food Red 7
updated. It now comprises 36 colorants Red 2G C.I. Food Red 10

and covers 80 countries. Yellow Beta-Carotene C.I. Food Orange 5

Beta-Apo-8'-Carotenal C.I. Food Orange 6
The table here lists many of the known Curcumin C.I. Natural Yellow 3
D&C Yellow 10 D&C Yellow 10 C.I. Food Yellow 13
names of the various colorants available,

and the corresponding regulatory

Iron Oxide Yellow C.I. Pigment Yellow 42 & 43
Quinoline Yellow WS C.I. Food Yellow 13
information is contained in the tables on

the following pages.

Riboflavin
Sunset Yellow FCF FD&C Yellow 6 C.I. Food Yellow 3
New to this edition are the status
Tartrazine FD&C Yellow 5 C.I. Food Yellow 4

descriptions of colorants, with a key

Green Chlorophylls C.I. Natural Green 3
that provides at-a-glance identification. Chlorophylls & Chlorophyllin Cu Complex C.I. Natural Green 3
Fast Green FCF FD&C Green 3 C.I. Food Green 3
Green S C.I. Food Green 4
Users who are launching into more

than one major market will find on page Blue Brilliant Blue FCF FD&C Blue 1 C.I. Food Blue 2
Indigo Carmine FD&C Blue 2 C.I. Food Blue 1
10 a summary list of colorants accepted Patent Blue V C.I. Food Blue 5

in Europe, the U.S.A. or Japan. Colorants Black Brilliant Black BN C.I. Food Black 1
Iron Oxide Black C.I. Pigment Black 11
accepted in these three regions (the Vegetable Carbon C.I. Food Black 3

triad) are indicated by the symbol .

ADI Acceptable Daily Intake. An estimate of the amount
We hope that this 11th edition will exceed of a substance in food or drinking-water, expressed
on a body-weight basis, that can be ingested daily
your expectations. Your feedback will over a lifetime without appreciable risk (standard
human = 60kg). The ADI is listed in units of mg
per kg of body weight
tell us if we have succeeded. We look
WHO World Health Organization
forward to hearing from you.

8 L I S T O F C O L O R A N T S 1 1 T H E D I T I O N
 Colorants

Colorant Synonyms
Other Names C.I. Number E Number CAS Number CFR Number ADI/WHO Specific ADI per Country

77891 E171 13463-67-7 73. 1575 no ADI

Burnt Sugar E150 73. 1085 0-200 mg (0-150 on a solid basis)

Acid Red 33 Red 10B 17200 3567-66-6 74. 1333 0-0.75 mg/U.S.A.
16035 E129 25956-17-6 74. 1340 0-7 mg
Acid Red 27 16185 E123 915-67-3 0-0.5 mg
Grape skin extract E163 no ADI
Acid Red 14 Carmoisine 14720 E122 3567-69-9 0-4 mg
Betanin Beet Red E162 not specified
40850 E161g 514-78-3 0-0.03 mg
Carmine Carminic Acid 75470 E120 1390-65-4 73. 1100 0-5 mg 0-2.5 mg/Iran
Acid Red 87 Eosine A Eomine Y 45380 17372-87-1 74. 1322
45430 E127 16423-68-0 74. 1303 0-0.1 mg 0-1.25 mg/Iran
77491 E172 1309-37-1 73. 1200 0-0.5 mg
Acid Red 92 45410 18472-87-2 74. 1328
Acid Red 18 Cochineal Red A Brilliant Scarlet 4R 16255 E124 2611-82-7 0-4 mg 0-0.125 mg/Iran
Acid Red 1 18050 E128 0-0.1 mg

Natural Yellow 26 75130/40800 E160a 7235-40-7 73. 1095 no ADI

Natural Yellow 26 40820 E160e 1107-26-2 0-5 mg
Turmeric Indian Saffron 75300 E100i 0-0.1 mg
Acid Yellow 3 Min. 75% mono- 47005 8004-92-0 74. 1710 0-10 mg
sulfonates, max.
15% disulfonates

77492 E172 51274-00-1 73. 1200 0-0.5 mg

Acid Yellow 3 Min. 80% disul- 47005 E104 8004-72-0 0-10 mg
fonates, max. 15%
monosulfonates

Lactoflavin E101i 0-0.5 mg

Orange Yellow S Vitamine B2 15985 E110 2783-94-0 74. 1706 0-2.5 mg 0-5 mg/Turkey
Acid Yellow 23 19140 E102 1934-21-0 74. 1705 0-7.5 mg

75810 E140 no ADI

75815 E141 73. 1125
42053 2353-45-9 74. 1203 0-25 mg 0-12.5 mg/Iran
Acid Green 50 Lissamine Green Food green 5 44090 E142 no ADI

42090 E133 3844-45-9 74. 1101 0-12.5 mg

Indigotine 73015 E132 860-22-0 74. 1102 0-5 mg
Acid Blue 3 42051 E131 3536-49-0 no ADI 0-15 mg/Peru

Black BN Brilliant Black PN 28440 E151 2519-30-4 0-1 mg 0-5 mg/Peru

77499 E172 1317-61-9 73. 1200 0-0.5 mg
Carbon Black Medicinal Vege- 77266 E153 no ADI
table Charcoal

ADI/WHO ADI recommended by WHO
D&C Designation applied in USA to dyes
permitted for use in drugs and cosmetics
FDA Food and Drug Administration (U.S.A.)
FD&C Designation applied in USA to dyes
permitted for use in foods, drugs and cosmetics
E Substance allowed for food in European Union
C.I. Color Index numbers of 1971 (U.S.A.)
CAS Chemical abstract number of colorant
CFR Code of Federal Register 21
Indigo Carmine can only be used if:
1. Marketed pack is sealed HDPE bottles, or glass bottles
2. Marketed pack is Alu/Alu sealed blister
3. Concentration of Indigo Carmine should not exceed 0.4 %

L I S T O F C O L O R A N T S 1 1 T H E D I T I O N 9
Colorants

Colorants that are accepted in the E.U., Japan and the U.S.A.

Color Names E.U. Japan U.S.A.

F24

White Titanium Dioxide + + +

Beige Caramel + + +

F1
Red Acid Fuchsine B – – +
F2 F1
Allura Red AC + – +
F4
Amaranth – P –
Anthocyanins + – –
Azorubine + – –
Beetroot Red + – –
F4
Canthaxanthin + – +
Cochineal Extract + K +
F1
Eosine YS – – +
F4 F10 F1
Erythrosine +* R D
F8
Iron Oxide Red + + R
F10 F1
Phloxine B – R +
F10
Ponceau 4R + R –
Red 2G – – –

F27 F27
Yellow Beta-Carotene + + +
F12
Curcumin + + –
F1
D&C Yellow 10 – – +
F8
Iron Oxide Yellow + + R
Quinoline Yellow WS + – –
Riboflavin + + –
F10 F1
Sunset Yellow FCF + R +
F10 F1
Tartrazine – P +

F14
Green Chlorophyll & Chlorophyllin and Copper Complexes + + +
F10 F1
Fast Green FCF – R +
Green S + – –

F3 F10 F1
Blue Brilliant Blue FCF + R +
F10 F1
Indigo Carmine + R +
Patent Blue V + – –

Black Brilliant Black BN + – –

F21 F8
Iron Oxide Black + + R
F13
Vegetable Carbon + + –

* F4 + for Erythrosine in the E.U. except for the Netherlands.

Colorants accepted in E.U., Japan and U.S.A.

10 L I S T O F C O L O R A N T S 1 1 T H E D I T I O N
 Colorant status by country

White Beige

Titanium Dioxide

Titanium Dioxide
Caramel

Caramel
Argentina + + Lithuania + +
Australia + + Luxembourg + +
F6
Austria + + Malaysia + +
Bangladesh + + Mexico + +
Belgium + + Morocco + +
Bolivia + + Netherlands + +
Brazil + + New Zealand + +
Bulgaria + + Nigeria + +
Canada + + Norway + +
Chile + + Pakistan + +
China + + Peru + +
Columbia + + Philippines + +
Costa Rica + + Poland + +
Croatia ● + Portugal + +
Czech Republic + + Romania + +
Denmark + + Russia – +
Ecuador + + Saudi Arabia + +
Egypt + + Singapore + +
Estonia + + Slovakia + +
Ethiopia + + Slovenia ● +
Finland + + South Africa + +
France + + South Korea + +
Germany + + Spain + +
Ghana + + Sri Lanka + +
Greece + + Sweden + +
F25
Guatemala + + Switzerland + +
Hong Kong + + Syria + +
Hungary + + Taiwan + +
See
Iceland + + Thailand + + notes
F6
India + + Tunisia + + on
inside
Indonesia + + Turkey + + front
F28
Iran + + U.A.E. + + cover
Ireland + + U.K. + +
(and Palestinian
Israel authority) + + Ukraine + +
Italy + + Uruguay + +
Japan + + U.S.A. + +
Jordan + + Venezuela + K
Kenya + + Vietnam K K
(Serbia and
Latvia + + Yugoslavia Montenegro) ● +
Lebanon + + Zimbabwe + +
E.U. + +

L I S T O F C O L O R A N T S 1 1 T H E D I T I O N 11
Colorant status by country

Red

Cochineal Extract
Acid Fuchsine B

Iron Oxide Red

Canthaxanthin
Allura Red AC

Anthocyanins

Beetroot Red

Ponceau 4 R
Erythrosine

Phloxine B
Azorubine

Eosine YS
Amaranth

Red 2 G
Argentina – – + – – + + + – + + – + –
Australia – + + + + – A + – A + – + –
F2 F4 F4 F4
Austria – + – + – + + – – + + – + –
Bangladesh ● + – ● – ● + + ● + + – – ●
F2 F4 F4 F4
Belgium – + + + + + + + – + + – + –
F8
Bolivia + – + – – – + + + + R + + –
Brazil – + – – + – + + – + + – + –
F9 F9 F9
Bulgaria – + + + + + + + – + + – + –
Canada + + + + – – + + + D + + + –
Chile – + – – – – + + – – + – – –
China – + + – – + – – – + + – + –
Columbia + + – – + ● + + + + + – + –
Costa Rica + – – – – – + + + + + – – –
Croatia ● – + ● + ● – – ● + R ● + ●
Czech Republic – – + + + + + + – + + – + –
F2 F4 F4 F4
Denmark – + + + + + + + – + + – + –
Ecuador + + – – – – + + + D + + – –
Egypt + – – + + + + + + + + – + +
Estonia – – + + + + + + – + + – + –
Ethiopia ● – + ● + ● + + ● + + – + ●
F2 F4 F4 F4
Finland – + – + – + + + – + + – + –
F2 F4 F4 F4
France – + + + + + + + – + + – + –
F2 F4 F4 F4
Germany – + + + + + + + – + + – + –
Ghana ● – + ● + ● + + ● + + – + ●
F2 F4 F4 F4
Greece – + + + + + + + – + + – + –
Guatemala + + – – – – + + + + + + + –
Hong Kong – + + – + + + + – + + – + +
Hungary – + + + + + + + – + + – + –
Iceland – + + + + + + + – + + – + +
F23
India – – + – + – – + + + + – + –
Indonesia + + + + + + + + – + – – + +
F18 F18 F18 F18 F18 F18
Iran + + – – – – + + – P + – + –
F2 F4 F4 F4
Ireland – + + + + + + + – + + – + –
(and Palestinian
Israel authority) + + – – + – + + + + + + + –
F2 F4 F4 F4
Italy – + – + P + + + – + + – + –
F10 F10 F10
Japan – – P – – – – K – R + R R –
Jordan ● – – ● + ● – – ● + + – + ●
Kenya ● – + ● + ● + + ● + + – + ●
Latvia + + + + + + + + + + + + + ●
Lebanon – + + – + – + – – + + + + +

12 L I S T O F C O L O R A N T S 1 1 T H E D I T I O N
 Colorant status by country

Red

Cochineal Extract
Acid Fuchsine B

Iron Oxide Red

Canthaxanthin
Allura Red AC

Anthocyanins

Beetroot Red

Ponceau 4 R
Erythrosine

Phloxine B
Azorubine

Eosine YS
Amaranth

Red 2 G
Lithuania ● – + ● + ● + + ● + + + + ●
F2 F4 F4 F4
Luxembourg – + + + + + + + – + + – + –
F6
Malaysia + + – – + + + + – – + + + –
F8 F22
Mexico – + – – – – – – – – R – R –
Morocco ● – – ● + ● + + ● – + – + ●
F2 F4 F4 F4
Netherlands – + – + + + + + – – + – + –
New Zealand – + + + + – + + – + + – + –
Nigeria ● + – ● + ● + + ● + + + – ●
Norway – – + + + + + + – + + – + –
Pakistan + + + – + + + + + + + + + +
Peru – + – + – + + – – + + + – –
Philippines + + + – – + + + + + + + – –
Poland – – – + + + – + – – + – + –
F2 F4 F4 F4
Portugal – + + + + + + + – + + – + –
Romania ● – + ● + ● + + ● + + – + ●
Russia – – – – + – – – – – – – – –
Saudi Arabia – + – + + + – + – – + – – –
Singapore + + + – + + + + – + + – + –
Slovakia – + + + + + + + – + + – + –
Slovenia ● – + ● + ● – – ● + R ● + ●
South Africa – + – + + + + + – + + – + +
South Korea – + – – – – – – – D + – – –
F2 F4 F4 F4
Spain – + + + + + + + – + + – + –
Sri Lanka – – – – + – – + – + + – + –
F2 F4 F4 F4
Sweden – + – – + – + + – + + – + –
F25 F25 F25
Switzerland – – + + + + + + – + + – + –
Syria ● – + ● + ● + + ● + + – + ●
Taiwan – + – – + – – – – + + – + –
See
Thailand + + + – + – + + + + + + + – notes
F6
Tunisia – – + + + + + + – + + – + – on
inside
Turkey – – + + + – + + – + + – + – front
U.A.E. ● + A ● + + + + ● + + + + ● cover
F2 F4 F4 F4
U.K. – + + + + + + + – + + – + –
Ukraine ● – + ● + ● + + ● + + + + ●
Uruguay – + + + – + + + + + + + + +
F1 F1 F1 F1 F8 F1
U.S.A. + + – – – – + + + D R + – –
F19
Venezuela + K – – – + – + + – K + – –
F16
Vietnam – – K K K + K K – K K – K –
(Serbia and
Yugoslavia Montenegro) ● – + ● + ● – – ● + R ● + ●
F11
Zimbabwe + + R – + + + + + + + + – –
F2 F4 F4 F4
E.U. – + – + + + + + – +* + – + –

* F4 + for Erythrosine in the E.U. except for the Netherlands.

L I S T O F C O L O R A N T S 1 1 T H E D I T I O N 13
Colorant status by country

Yellow

Sunset Yellow FCF

Iron Oxide Yellow
D&C Yellow 10
Beta-Carotene

Yellow WS

Riboflavin

Tartrazine
Curcumin

Quinoline
Argentina + + – + + + + +
Australia + + – + + – + –
F27
Austria + – – + + + + –
Bangladesh + – + + + + – –
F27 F26
Belgium + + – + + + + +
F27
Bolivia + – – + – – + +
F27
Brazil + + – + – + + +
Bulgaria + + – + + + + +
F27
Canada + – + + + + + P
Chile + + + + + + + +
F27
China + + – + – – + +
Columbia + + + + + + + +
F27
Costa Rica + – + + + – + +
Croatia – + – R + + + +
Czech Republic + + + + + + + +
F26
Denmark + + – + + + + +
F27
Ecuador + – + + – – + +
F26
Egypt + + + + + + + +
Estonia + + – + + + + +
Ethiopia + + – + + ● + +
F27
Finland + + – + + + – –
F26
France + + – + + + + +
F26
Germany + + – + + + + +
F27
Ghana + + + + + ● + +
F26
Greece + + – + + + + +
Guatemala + – + + + – + +
Hong Kong + + + + + + + +
Hungary + + + + + + + –
Iceland + + – + + + + +
India + + – + + – + +
F27
Indonesia + + + K + + + +
F18 F18 F18 F18 F18 F18 F25
Iran + – + + + + + +
F26
Ireland + + – + + + + +
(and Palestinian
Israel authority) + + + + + + + –
F26
Italy + + – + + + + +
F27 F12 F10 F10
Japan + + – + – + R P
Jordan ● + + + + ● + –
Kenya + + + + + ● + +
Latvia + + + + + + + +
Lebanon + + – + + – + +

14 L I S T O F C O L O R A N T S 1 1 T H E D I T I O N
 Colorant status by country

Yellow

Sunset Yellow FCF

Iron Oxide Yellow
D&C Yellow 10
Beta-Carotene

Yellow WS

Riboflavin

Tartrazine
Curcumin

Quinoline
Lithuania + + – + + ● + +
F26
Luxembourg + + – + + + + +
F6
Malaysia + + + + + + + –
F27 F8 F26 F26
Mexico + – – R – – + +
Morocco + + – + + ● + +
F26
Netherlands + + – + + + + +
New Zealand + + + + + + + –
Nigeria + + – + + ● + +
F27
Norway + + – + + + + +
Pakistan + + + + + + + +
F27
Peru + + + + – + + +
F27
Philippines + + + + + + + +
Poland + + – + + + + –
Portugal + + + + + + + +
Romania + + + + + ● + +
Russia – – – – + – – –
Saudi Arabia + + – + – + + +
Singapore + + + + + – + +
Slovakia + + + + + + + +
Slovenia – + – R + + + +
South Africa + + – + + + + –
F27
South Korea + – + + + + + +
F26
Spain + + + + + + + +
Sri Lanka + + + + – – + +
F27
Sweden + + + + + + + –
F27 F25
Switzerland + + – + + + + –
Syria + + – + + ● + +
F27
Taiwan + – + + K – + +
See
Thailand + + + + + + + +
F27
notes
F6
Tunisia + + + + + + + + on
F27 F9 inside
Turkey + + + + + + + + front
U.A.E. + + – + + ● + + cover
F26
U.K. + + – + + + + +
Ukraine + + – + + ● + +
Uruguay + + – + – + + +
F27 F1 F8 F1 F1
U.S.A. + – + R – – + +
Venezuela K + + K – – + +
F27 F17
Vietnam K K – K K K K K
(Serbia and
Yugoslavia Montenegro) – + – R + + + +
F27 F11
Zimbabwe + + + + + – + R
E.U. + + – + + + + –

L I S T O F C O L O R A N T S 1 1 T H E D I T I O N 15
Colorant status by country

Green

Copper Complexes

Copper Complexes
Fast Green FCF

Fast Green FCF

Chlorophyllin and

Chlorophyllin and
Chlorophylls,

Chlorophylls,
Green S

Green S
Argentina + + + Lithuania ● ● +
Australia + – + Luxembourg + – +
Austria + – – Malaysia + + +
Bangladesh ● – + Mexico + + –
Belgium + – + Morocco ● ● +
Bolivia – + – Netherlands + – +
Brazil + – – New Zealand + + +
Bulgaria + – + Nigeria ● ● +
Canada + + – Norway + – +
Chile + + – Pakistan + + +
F9
China + – – Peru – + +
Columbia – + – Philippines + + –
Costa Rica – + – Poland + – –
Croatia ● ● – Portugal + – +
Czech Republic + – + Romania ● ● +
Denmark + – + Russia – – –
Ecuador + + – Saudi Arabia + + –
Egypt + + + Singapore + + +
Estonia + – + Slovakia + – –
Ethiopia ● ● + Slovenia ● ● –
Finland + – – South Africa + – +
France + – + South Korea + + –
Germany + – + Spain + – +
Ghana ● ● + Sri Lanka – + +
Greece + – + Sweden + ● –
Guatemala – + – Switzerland + – +
Hong Kong + – + Syria ● ● +
Hungary + – – Taiwan – + –
See
Iceland + – + Thailand + + +
F23
notes
India + + + Tunisia + – + on
inside
Indonesia + + + Turkey – – + front
F18
Iran + + – U.A.E. ● ● + cover
Ireland + – + U.K. + – +
(and Palestinian
Israel authority) + + – Ukraine ● ● +
Italy + – + Uruguay + + –
F10 F14 F1
Japan + R – U.S.A. + + –
Jordan ● ● + Venezuela + + –
Kenya ● ● + Vietnam + – K
(Serbia and
Latvia + + + Yugoslavia Montenegro) ● ● –
Lebanon + – + Zimbabwe + + +
E.U. + – –

16 L I S T O F C O L O R A N T S 1 1 T H E D I T I O N
 Colorant status by country

Blue

Brilliant Blue FCF

Brilliant Blue FCF

Indigo Carmine

Indigo Carmine
Patent Blue V

Patent Blue V
Argentina + + + Lithuania – + +
F3
Australia + + + Luxembourg + + +
F3
Austria + + – Malaysia + + +
Bangladesh + + – Mexico + + –
F3
Belgium + + + Morocco – + +
F3
Bolivia + + + Netherlands + + +
Brazil + + – New Zealand + + K
Bulgaria + + + Nigeria + + +
Canada + + – Norway – + +
Chile + + – Pakistan + + +
F9
China + + – Peru + + +
Columbia + + + Philippines + + –
Costa Rica + + – Poland – + +
F3
Croatia – + + Portugal + + +
Czech Republic – + + Romania – + +
F3
Denmark + + + Russia – + –
Ecuador + + – Saudi Arabia + + –
Egypt + + + Singapore + + +
Estonia – + + Slovakia + + +
Ethiopia + + + Slovenia – + +
F3
Finland + + + South Africa + + +
F3
France + + + South Korea + + –
F3 F3
Germany + + + Spain + + +
Ghana + + + Sri Lanka + + –
F3 F3
Greece + + + Sweden + + +
Guatemala + + + Switzerland – + +
Hong Kong + + + Syria + + +
Hungary + + + Taiwan + + –
See
Iceland + + + Thailand + + + notes
India + + – Tunisia + + – on
inside
Indonesia + + – Turkey – + + front
F18 F18
Iran + + + U.A.E. + + + cover
F3 F3
Ireland + + + U.K. + + +
(and Palestinian
Israel authority) + + – Ukraine – + +
F3
Italy + + + Uruguay + + –
F10 F10 F1 F1
Japan R R – U.S.A. + + –
Jordan – + + Venezuela + + –
Kenya + + + Vietnam – K K
(Serbia and
Latvia + + + Yugoslavia Montenegro) – + +
Lebanon + + + Zimbabwe + + +
F3
E.U. + +
+

L I S T O F C O L O R A N T S 1 1 T H E D I T I O N 17
Colorant status by country

Black

Vegetable Carbon

Vegetable Carbon
Brilliant Black BN

Brilliant Black BN

Iron Oxide Black

Argentina + Iron Oxide Black
+ + Lithuania ● + +
Australia + + + Luxembourg + + +
F6
Austria + + + Malaysia + + +
Bangladesh ● + – Mexico – K –
Belgium + + + Morocco ● + +
Bolivia + + – Netherlands + + +
Brazil – + + New Zealand + + +
Bulgaria + + + Nigeria ● + +
Canada – + + Norway + + +
Chile – + – Pakistan + + +
F9
China – + + Peru + + –
Columbia – + – Philippines + + –
Costa Rica – + – Poland + + –
Croatia ● R + Portugal + + +
Czech Republic + + + Romania ● + +
Denmark + + + Russia – – –
Ecuador – + – Saudi Arabia + + +
Egypt + + + Singapore + + +
Estonia + + + Slovakia + + +
Ethiopia ● + + Slovenia ● R +
Finland – + + South Africa + + –
France + + + South Korea – + –
Germany + + + Spain + + +
Ghana ● + + Sri Lanka – + –
Greece + + + Sweden – + +
F25
Guatemala – + – Switzerland + + +
Hong Kong + + + Syria ● + +
Hungary + + + Taiwan – + –
See
Iceland + + + Thailand – + + notes
F6
India – + – Tunisia + + + on
inside
Indonesia + + + Turkey – + + front
F18
Iran +
F18
+ + U.A.E. ● + + cover
Ireland + + + U.K. + + +
(and Palestinian
Israel authority) + + – Ukraine ● + +
Italy + + + Uruguay + + +
F21 F13 F8
Japan – + + U.S.A. – R –
Jordan ● + + Venezuela – K +
Kenya ● + + Vietnam K K K
(Serbia and
Latvia + + + Yugoslavia Montenegro) ● R +
Lebanon + + + Zimbabwe – + +
E.U. + + +

18 L I S T O F C O L O R A N T S 1 1 T H E D I T I O N