GE 120 Lecture overheads

MATRIX INVERSION
By Determinant and Adjoint Matrix

[A ] adj [A ]
−1 1
=
A
What is an adjoint matrix?
The adjoint matrix of [A], Adj[A] is obtained
by taking the transpose of the cofactor matrix
of [A].

Minors:
The minor for element aij of matrix [A] is
found by removing the ith row and jth
column from [A] and then calculating the
determinant of the remaining matrix.

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Consider the following set of linear equations.

2x1 – 4x2 + 5x3 = 36 … … (1)

- 3x1 + 5x2 + 7x3 = 7 … … (2)
5x1 + 3x2 – 8x3 = - 31 … … (3)

This is the same set of equations that was

used in the Gauss-Jordan elimination.
The coefficients can be arranged in a matrix
form as shown.

 2 −4 5
[A ] =  − 3 5 7 
 5 3 − 8 

The set of equations in matrix form is:

 2 −4 5   x1   36
− 3 5 7   x2  =  7
    
 5 3 − 8   x 3   − 31

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[A][x] = [B]
[x] = [A]-1[B]

5 7
M 11 = = −61
3 −8

−3 7
M 12 = = −11
5 −8

−3 5
M 13 = = −34
5 3
…..

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2 −4
M 23 = = 26
5 3
The resulting matrix of minors is:

 − 61 − 11 − 34
[M] =  17 − 41 26
 − 53 29 − 2

Cofactors:

Cofactors are the signed minors. The cofactor of

element aij of matrix [A] is:

C ij = (− 1)
i+ j
M ij
Therefore

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C11 = (− 1) M11 = −61

1+1

C12 = (− 1)
1+ 2
M12 = 11

C13 = (− 1)
1+ 3
M13 = −34
The resulting matrix of cofactors is:

 − 61 11 − 34
[C] =  − 17 − 41 − 26
 − 53 − 29 − 2

Adjoint Matrix:

The adjoint matrix of [A], Adj[A] is obtained

by taking the transpose of the cofactor matrix
of [A].

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adj[A ] = [C]
T

 − 61 11 − 34
[C] =  − 17 − 41 − 26
 − 53 − 29 − 2

 − 61 − 17 − 53
adj[A ] =  11 − 41 − 29
 
 − 34 − 26 − 2
Evaluate the determinant

2 −4 5
A = −3 5 7 = −336
5 3 −8

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[A ] adj [A ]
−1 1
=
A

 − 61 − 17 − 53
[A ] = 1 
11 − 41 − 29
−1

− 336  
 − 34 − 26 − 2

 61 / 336 17 / 336 53 / 336

[A ] =  − 11 / 336 41 / 336 29 / 336
−1

 34 / 336 26 / 336 2 / 336

 61 / 336 17 / 336 53 / 336

[A ] =  − 11 / 336 41 / 336 29 / 336
−1

 17 / 168 13 / 168 1 / 168

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