OCR AS Further Mathematics Inverse matrices

Section 1: Determinants and inverses

Solutions to Exercise level 2

1. AX = B  X = A-1B
 3 1
det A = det   =1
5 2
 2 −1
A −1 =  
 −5 3 
 2 −1 6 1   1 −1
X=A −1B =   = 
 −5 3 11 3   3 4 

BY = C  Y = B-1C
 6 1
detB = det  =7
11 3 
1  3 −1
B−1 =  
7  −11 6 
1  3 −1 −4 3  1  −7 7   −1 1 
Y=B−1C =   =  = 
7  −11 6  −5 2  7  14 −21  2 −3 

CZ= D  Z = C-1D
 −4 3 
det C = det  =7
 −5 2 
1  2 −3 
C−1 =  
7  5 −4 
1  2 −3  4 7  1  14 −7   2 −1
Z=C−1D =   =  = 
7  5 −4  −2 7  7  28 7   4 1 

a −3 −2 
2. det  =0
 a 2a − 1
(a − 3)(2a − 1) − ( −2a) = 0
2a2 − 7a + 3 + 2a = 0
2a2 − 5a + 3 = 0
(2a − 3)(a − 1) = 0
a = 32 or 1

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 OCR AS FM Inverse matrices 1 Exercise solutions

3. (i) detM = (2  1) − (2  −3) = 2 + 6 = 8

The area scale factor of the transformation is 8
so the area of T’ is 4  8 = 32 square units

1  1 −2 
(ii) M−1 =  
8 3 2 

4. detM = (3  2) − (6  1) = 6 − 6 = 0

 x   3 6  x   3x + 6 y   3( x + 2 y ) 
M  =    =  = 
 y   1 2  y   x + 2 y   x + 2 y 
Every image point satisfies x = 3y, so all points are mapped to the line x = 3y.

5. (i) S is a two way stretch, with scale factor 2 in the x direction and scale
factor 3 in the y direction,
R is a reflection in the y-axis.

(ii) detM = 6
1 3 0
M−1 =  
6 0 2

detN = −1
 1 0   −1 0 
N−1 = −1 = 
 0 −1  0 1

 2 0  −1 0   −2 0 
(iii) MN =   = 
 0 3  0 1   0 3 

detMN = −6
1  3 0  1  −3 0 
(MN)−1 = −  =  
6  0 −2  6  0 2 

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 −1 0  1  3 0 
N−1M−1 =    
 0 1 6  0 2 
1  −1 0  3 0 
=   
6  0 1  0 2 
1  −3 0 
 = (MN)
−1
= 
6  0 2

(iv) MN represents the transformation R (matrix N) followed by

transformation S (matrix M). So to reverse this you need to first reverse S,
using M-1, and then reverse R using N-1. So N-1M-1 is the inverse of MN.

 3 6  x   3 x + 6 y   3( x + 2 y ) 
6.    =  = 
 −2 −4  y   −2 x − 4 y   −2( x + 2 y ) 
x  = 3( x + 2 y )
y  = −2( x + 2 y )
x y 
=
3 −2
−2 x  = 3 y 
The matrix maps all points onto the straight line 2x + 3 y = 0 .

 2 −3 
7. (i) det   = −8 + 12 = 4
 4 −4 
1  −4 3 
A-1 =  
4  −4 2 
x  9 
(ii) A   =  
 y  16 
x −1  9  1  −4 3  9  1  12   3 
 =A  =    =   =  
y 16  4  −4 2 16  4  −4   −1
The point (3, -1) is mapped to (9, 16).
 2 −3  2 −3   −8 6 
(iii) A² =   = .
 4 −4  4 −4   −8 4 
 −8 6  2 −3   8 0 
(iv) A³ =   =  so d = 8
 −8 4  4 −4   0 8 
(v) The matrix A³ is an enlargement, centre the origin, scale factor 8.

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8. (i) det A = 8 − 6 = 2
1  4 3   2 32 
A = 
−1
= 
2  2 2   1 1

(ii) A = BC
AC−1 = B
1  4 3  1 2  1 10 17   5 8.5 
C−1 = A −1B =   =  = 
2  2 2  2 3  2  6 10   3 5 

9. A2 = A-1  A³ = I
 1 x 1  1 x 1 
  
A² =  −1 −1 0  −1 −1 0 
 1 0 0  1 0 0 
  
2 − x 0 1
 
= 0 1 − x −1
 1 x 1 

2 − x 0 1  1 x 1 
  
A³ =  0 1 − x −1 −1 −1 0 
 1 x 1  
  1 0 0 
 3 − x 2x − x 2 2 − x 
 
=  −2 + x −1 + x 0 
 2− x 0 1 

 1 0 0
 
When x = 2, A³ =  0 1 0  = I
 0 0 1
 
so the value of x is 2.

 1 −1 x   5 
10. (i)    =  
 3 2  y   5 
 1 −1
det   =5
3 2 
 1 −1 1  2 1
Inverse of   is  
3 2  5  −3 1
 x  1  2 1 5  1  15   3 
 =    =  = 
 y  5  −3 1 5  5  −10   −2 
There is a unique solution: x = 3, y = -2.

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 4 6  x   8 
(ii)    =  
 2 3  y   4 
 4 6
det   = 0 so there is not a unique solution.
 2 3
The equations are multiples of each other so they are consistent, and
there are infinitely many solutions.

 1 3 1  x   4 
    
11.  2 −1 −4  y  =  3 
 4 5 −3  z   9 
    
 23 14 −11
1 
Using a calculator, inverse matrix =  −10 −7 6 
7
 14 7 −7 
x  23 14 −11 4 
  1  
 y  = 7  −10 −7 6  3 
z  14 7 −7  
    9 
 35   5 
1   
=  −7  =  −1
7   
 14   2 
The solution of the equations is x = 5, y = -1 and z = 2.

 1 0 1  x  1
    
12. (i)  0 2 3  y  = 1
 1 7 0  z  1
    
 −21 7 −2 
1 
Using a calculator, inverse matrix = −  3 −1 −3 
23  
 −2 −7 2 
x  −21 7 −2 1  −16 
  1   1 
 y  = − 23  3 −1 −3 1 = − 23  −1 
z  −2 −7 2 1  −7 
      
x = 16
23
, y = 231 , z = 237

(ii) (1) x + z = 1
(2) 2 y + 3z = 1
(3) x + 7 y = 1

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(3)-(1) gives 7 y − z = 0  z = 7 y
2 y + 21y = 1
Substituting into (2) gives
y = 231 , z = 237 , x = 16
23

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