MATRIX INVERSE

If two square matrices A and B are such that AB=BA=I, where I is called an
identity matrix, then B is called the inverse of the matrix A i.e.; B= A−1. If A
−1 1
is square matrix and | A|≠ 0 then A =| A| (AjdA )

Example:
4 −6 1
A= [ 1 3 6
5 7 9 ] find the inverse of A

STEP-I. Convert the given matrix in to determinant

and find | A|

4 −6 1
| A|= 1
| 3 6
5 7 9 |
| A|=4 ( 3 ×9−6 ×7 ) −(−6 ) ( 1× 9−6 ×5 ) +1(1 ×7−5 ×3)
¿ 4 ( 27−42 )−(−6 )( 9−30 ) +1(7−15)

¿ 4 (−15 )−(−6 )(−21 )+1(−8)

¿−60−126−8=−194

Hence,| A|=−194 ≠ 0
Since A is a non-singular matrix A−1 exist.
STEP-II Find the Minors of the matrix.

4 −6 1
| A|= 1
| 3 6
5 7 9 |
M 11= 3 6 =( 3 × 9−6 × 7 )=( 27−42 )=−15
| |
7 9

M 12 =|1 6|=( 1× 9−5 × 6 )=( 9−30 )=−21

5 9

M 13 =|1 3|=( 1×7−5 ×3 )=( 7−15 )=−8

5 7

M 21 =|−6 1|=(−6 × 9−1 ×7 )=(−54−7 ) =−61

7 9

M 22 =|4 1|= ( 4 × 9−1 ×5 ) =( 36−5 )=31

5 9

M 23 =|4 −6|=( 4 × 7−5 ×−6 )=( 28−(−30) ) =58

5 7

M 31 =|−6 1|=(−6 ×6−1 ×3 ) =(−36−3 )=−39

3 6

M 32 =|4 1|= ( 4 × 6−1 ×1 )= (24−1 ) =23

1 6

M 33 =|4 −6|=( 4 × 3−1 ×−6 )=( 12−(−6) )=18

1 3
STEP-III. Find the cofactor matrix

c11 c12 c13

[ ]
Co-factor matrix C= c21 c22 c23 where c ij =(−1 )i+ j M ij
c31 c32 c33

c 11 =(−1 )1+1 M 11 c 23=(−1 )2+ 3 M 23

c 11 =(−1 )2 ×−15 c 23=(−1 )5 ×58

c 11 =−15 c 23=−58

c 12=(−1 )1+2 M 12 c 31=(−1 )3+1 M 31

c 12=(−1 )3 ×−21 c 31=(−1 )4 ×−39

c 12=21 c 31=−39

c 13=(−1 )1+3 M 13 c 32=(−1 )3+2 M 32

c 13=(−1 )4 ×−8 c 32=(−1 )5 ×23

c 13=−8 c 32=−23

c 21=(−1 )2+1 M 21 c 33=(−1 )3 +3 M 33

c 21=(−1 )3 ×−61 c 33=(−1 )6 ×18

c 21=61 c 33=18

c 22=(−1 )2+2 M 22

c 22=(−1 )4 ×31
c 22=31

Hence the co-factor matrix will be

−15 21 −8

[
C= 61 31 −58
−39 −23 18 ]
STEP-IV Find the Adjoint matrix

Adjoint A=C T
T
−15 21 −8 −15 61 −39
Adj A= 61
[31 −58
−39 −23 18
= 21
][
31 −23
−8 −58 18 ]
1
A−1= AdjA
| A|

−1 −15 61 −39
A−1=
194
21
[31 −23
−8 −58 18 ]
PRACTICE YOURSELF

6 2 3
1.Find the inverse of the matrix
[
A= 3 1 1
10 3 4 ]
 2 5 7
2. Find the inverse of matrix [
A= 1 1 1
2 1 −1 ]