Bcom IIIrd Semester

Basic
Numerical
Methods
University of Calicut
 CHAPTER-V
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

Basic Numerical Methods

Solution-1 Sum of 11 item=11×30=330
Sum of first 5 item=5×25=125
Sum of last 5 item=5×28=140
Basic Numerical
there fore the 6 itemMethods
𝑡ℎ
=330-(125+140)=65
 𝑆𝑢𝑚
We know that AM =
𝑁
let 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , 𝑥4, 𝑥5 , 𝑥6, 𝑥7, 𝑥8 are the 8 observations then by definition of AM

𝑥1 + 𝑥2 +𝑥3 +𝑥4+ 𝑥5 + 𝑥6, +𝑥7, +20

= 𝑦……….. 1
8
𝑥1 +𝑥2 +𝑥3 +𝑥4+ 𝑥5 +𝑥6, +𝑥7, +𝑍
= 𝑦 + 2 … … … . . (2)
8
Then (2)-(1)=
𝑥1 +𝑥2 +𝑥3 +𝑥4+ 𝑥5 +𝑥6, +𝑥7, +𝑍
(y+2)-y= –
8
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 +𝑥3 +𝑥4+ 𝑥5 + 𝑥6, +𝑥7, +20
8
𝑍 20
Therefore y+2-y= −
8 8
𝑍−20
2= = 16 = 𝑍 − 20
8
Z=16+20=36
Therefore the age of new person is 36 years
Method Nature of Data
Ungrouped Data Grouped Data

𝑥 𝑓𝑥
Direct Method 𝑥= 𝑥=
𝑁 𝑁
fd
𝑥 =𝐴+
d 𝑁
Indirect
Method/Short Cut
𝑥 =𝐴+
𝑁

d′ fd′
𝑥 =𝐴+ ×𝑐 𝑥 =𝐴+ ×𝑐
𝑁
Basic Numerical
Step Deviation
Method
𝑁 Methods
 10 + 5 + 15 + 8 + 12
𝑥 𝑥=
𝑥= 5
𝑛 50
𝑥= = 10
5
Basic Numerical Methods
Example-1:-
Given the following frequency distribution of first year students
of a particular college find the mean
Age(years) 13 14 15 16 17
number of
students 2 5 13 7 3

solution
𝑓𝑥
We know that mean 𝑥 =
𝑁
 Age
(years) number of
(x) students (f) fx 454
13 2 13× 2= 26 Therefor 𝑥 =
30
14 5 14× 5= 70
=
15 13 15× 13= 195
15.13 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
16 7 16× 7= 112

17 3 17× 3= 51

N=30
𝑓𝑥 = 454
 Example-2:-
The weekly observations on cost of living index in a certain city
for a particular year are given below compute the average weekly
Cost of living index.

cost of living
index 140-150 150-160 160-170 170-180 180-190 190-200
no of weeks 5 10 20 9 6 2
cost of living no of weeks 𝑓𝑥
index (f)
class mark(x) fx 1.) 𝑥=
𝑁
140-150 5 145 725 𝑓𝑑
150-160 10 155 1550 2.) 𝑥 =𝐴+
𝑁
160-170 20 165 3300
170-180 9 175 1575 𝑓𝑑 ′
180-190 6 185 1110 3.) 𝑥 =𝐴+ ×𝑐
𝑁
190-200 2 195 390
N=52
𝑓𝑥 = 8650

8650
1.) 𝑥= = 166.346 ≈ 166.35
52
 cost of
no of weeks class mark(x) d=X-A
living index
fd
140-150 5 145 -20 -100
𝑓𝑑
150-160 10 155 -10 -100 2.) 𝑥 =𝐴+
160-170 20 165 0 0 𝑁
170-180 9 175 10 90
180-190 6 185 20 120
190-200 2 195 30 60
N=52
𝑓𝑑 = 70

70
2.) 𝑥 = 165 + =166.346≈ 166.35
52
cost of living no of class
d'=(X-A)/c
index weeks mark(x) fd' 𝑓𝑑 ′
140-150 5 145 -2 -10 3.) 𝑥 =𝐴+ ×𝑐
𝑁
150-160 10 155 -1 -10
160-170 20 165 0 0
170-180 9 175 1 9
180-190 6 185 2 12
190-200 2 195 3 6
N=52
𝑓𝑑′ = 7

7
3.) 𝑥 = 165 + × 10=166.346≈ 166.35
52
Example-3:-
The following frequency distribution showing the marks
obtained by 50 students. Find the arithmetic mean using
1. Direct method
2. Short cut method
3. Step deviation method.

marks 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89

freqency 1 5 12 15 9 6 2
 marks freqency MP(X) FX d=X-A fd d'=d/c fd'
20-29 1 24.5 24.5 -30 -30 -3 -3
30-39 5 34.5 172.5 -20 -100 -2 -10
40-49 12 44.5 534 -10 -120 -1 -12
50-59 15 54.5 817.5 0 0 0 0
60-69 9 64.5 580.5 10 90 1 9
70-79 6 74.5 447 20 120 2 12
80-89 2 84.5 169 30 60 3 6
N=50 𝒇𝒙 =2745 𝒇𝒅 =20 𝒇𝒅′ =2

𝑓𝑥
2745
Direct method:- 𝑥 = = = 54.9marks
𝑁
50
𝑓𝑑 20
Short cut method:- 𝑥 = 𝐴 + =54.5+ = 54.9 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠
𝑁 50
𝑓𝑑 ′
Step deviation method:- 𝑥 = 𝐴 + ×𝑐
𝑁
2
= 54.5+ × 10 = 54.9 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠
50
Practice question
The following data shows the distance covered by 100 persons .
Compute mean distance covered by using
1. Direct method
2. Short cut method
3. Step deviation method

Distance (Kg) 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40

Number of
persons 10 20 40 30