Independent Sample t-Test

A statistics teacher wants to compare his two classes if they performed any differently
on he tests he gave that semester. The results of 20 students were listed on the table below.

Section A 18 18 16 18 15 14 12 16 20 15
Section B 16 16 17 18 19 19 17 16 17 17

Step 1: Define Null and Alternative Hypotheses

𝐻0 : 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 ′ 𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛. 𝝁𝑨 = 𝝁𝑩
𝐻1 : 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛. 𝝁𝑨 ≠ 𝝁𝑩
Step 2: State Alpha
𝑎 = 0.05 (𝑡𝑤𝑜 − 𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑑)
Step 3: Calculate Degrees of Freedom
𝑑𝑓 = (𝑛𝐴 − 1) + (𝑛𝐵 − 1) = (10 − 1) + (10 − 1)
𝑑𝑓 = 18
Step 4: State Decision Rule

𝑡(18, 0.025) = 2.101

If the t-computed is greater than 2.101 or less than -2.101, REJECT the null
hypothesis.
Step 5: Calculate Test Statistics
(𝑥̅𝐴 −𝑥̅𝐵)
𝑡=
𝑠 2
𝑠 2
√ 𝐴+ 𝐵
𝑛 𝐴 𝑛𝐵

𝑥𝑖
Solve for 𝑥̅ : 𝑥̅ = 𝑛

(18+18+16+18+15+14+12+16+20+15)
𝑥̅𝐴 = = 16.2
10

(16+16+17+18+19+19+17+16+17+17)
𝑥̅ 𝐵 = = 17.2
10
 (𝑥𝑖 −𝑥̅ )2
Solve for 𝑠 2 : 𝑠 2 = 𝑛−1

𝑠𝐴2 =
(18−16.2)2 +(18−16.2)2 +(16−16.2)2 +(18−16.2)2 +(15−16.2)2+(14−16.2)2+(12−16.2)2 +(16−16.2)2 +(20−16.2)2 +(15−16.2)2
10−1

𝑠𝐴2 = 2.347
𝑠𝐴2 =
(16−17.2)2 +(16−17.2)2 +(17−17.2)2 +(18−17.2)2 +(19−17.2)2+(19−17.2)2 +(17−17.2)2 +(16−17.2)2 +(17−17.2)2 +(17−17.2)2
10−1

𝑠𝐴2 = 1.135

Solve for t:
(𝑥̅𝐴 −𝑥̅𝐵) (16.2−17.2)
𝑡= = 2.347 1.135
= −1.694
𝑠2 𝑠2 √ +
√ 𝐴+ 𝐵 10 10
𝑛𝐴 𝑛𝐵

Step 6: State Results

Since the t-computed (-1.694) is not greater than the critical value (2.101) nor less than
(-2.101), then ACCEPT the null hypothesis.
Step 7: State Conclusion

Therefore, we can say that there is no difference between the results of the two
sections.

Activity 4.2. Independent Sample t-Test

Gather the following data:
1. Daily allowance of 10 STEM Students
2. Daily allowance of 10 ABM Students.
Test whether there is a difference between the daily allowance between STEM and
ABM students. Use the 7-step procedures.