2850-361 DECEMBER 2014

Level 3 Diploma in Engineering (IVQ)

Advanced Mathematics

Tuesday 8 December 2014

14:00-17:00

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1
Trigonometry

Cosine rule a2 = b2 + c 2 − 2bcCosA

𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
Sine rule = =
sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 sin 𝐶

1
Area of triangle = 2 𝑎. 𝑏. sin 𝐶

Trigonometric identities

 Sin(A ± B) = Sin A Cos B ± Cos A Sin B

 Cos(A ± B) = Cos A Cos B ∓ Sin A Sin B

Numerical integration

Simpson’s rule

𝑏
1
∫ 𝑦. 𝑑𝑥 = ℎ{(𝑦0 + 𝑦𝑛 ) + 4(𝑦1 + 𝑦3 + ⋯ 𝑦𝑛−1 ) + 2(𝑦2 + 𝑦4 + ⋯ 𝑦𝑛−2 )}
𝑎 3

𝑏−𝑎
where ℎ = and 𝑛 is even
𝑛

Trapezium rule

𝑏
1 𝑏−𝑎
∫ 𝑦. 𝑑𝑥 = ℎ{(𝑦0 + 𝑦𝑛 ) + 2(𝑦1 + 𝑦2 +. .. 𝑦𝑛−1 )} where ℎ =
𝑎 2 𝑛

Volume of revolution around 𝒙 axis

𝑏
𝑉 = ∫𝑎 𝜋𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥

∑ 𝑥2𝑓
Standard deviation = √(
∑𝑓
) − (𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛)2

Complex numbers
[𝑟(cos 𝜃 + 𝑗 sin 𝜃)]𝑛 = 𝑟 𝑛 (cos 𝑛𝜃 + sin 𝑛𝜃)

2
Calculus

Differentiation

𝑑𝑦
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

lnx 1
𝑥

𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑎𝑒 𝑎𝑥

𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑥 −𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥

Product rule

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
If 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑣 then = 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑣 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥

Quotient rule
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑢 𝑑𝑦 𝑣 −𝑢
If 𝑦 = then = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑣 𝑑𝑥 𝑣2

Chain (or function of a function rule)

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
If 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑢) and 𝑢 = 𝑔(𝑥) then 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑑𝑢 . 𝑑𝑥

Integration

𝑓(𝑥)
∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

𝑥𝑛 𝑥 𝑛+1
+𝑐
𝑛+1

1 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑥

𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 −𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐

By parts

∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢

Substitution

∫ 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))𝑔′ (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑢)𝑑𝑢