 𝑥 𝑡 𝑇

𝑥 𝑡 + 𝑇 = 𝑥(𝑡) 𝑡

 𝑇0 𝑥 𝑡 𝑇
𝑓0 = 1Τ𝑇0


𝑥 𝑡 = cos 𝜔0 𝑡 + 𝜙 𝑥 𝑡 = 𝑒 𝑗𝜔0𝑡

 𝜔0 = 2𝜋𝑓0 = 2𝜋Τ𝑇0
 𝑥 𝑡
𝑇0
∞
2𝜋
𝑥 𝑡 = ෍ 𝑐𝑘 𝑒 𝑗𝑘𝜔0𝑡 ; 𝜔0 =
𝑇0
𝑘=−∞

 𝑐𝑘

1 0
𝑐𝑘 = න 𝑥(𝑡)𝑒 −𝑗𝑘𝜔0𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇0 𝑇0

 𝑥 𝑡 𝑐−𝑘 = 𝑐𝑘∗

∗ 1 0
𝑐𝑘 = 𝑐−𝑘 = න 𝑥(𝑡)𝑒 −𝑗𝑘𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇0 𝑇0
 𝑥 𝑡 𝑇0
∞
𝑎0 2𝜋
𝑥 𝑡 = + ෍ 𝑎𝑘 cos 𝑘𝜔0 𝑡 + 𝑏𝑘 sin 𝑘𝜔0 𝑡 𝜔0 =
2 𝑇0
𝑘=1

𝑎𝑘 𝑏𝑘
𝑇0 𝑇0
2 2
𝑎𝑘 = න 𝑥 𝑡 cos 𝑘𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 ; 𝑏𝑘 = න 𝑥 𝑡 sin 𝑘𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇0 𝑇0
0 0

 𝑎𝑘 𝑏𝑘 𝑐𝑘

𝑎0
= 𝑐0 ; 𝑎𝑘 = 𝑐𝑘 + 𝑐−𝑘 ; 𝑏𝑘 = 𝑗 𝑐𝑘 − 𝑐−𝑘
2


1 1
𝑐𝑘 = 𝑎 − 𝑗𝑏𝑘 ; 𝑐−𝑘 = 𝑎 + 𝑗𝑏𝑘
2 𝑘 2 𝑘
 𝑥 𝑡 𝑎𝑘 𝑏𝑘

𝑎𝑘 = 𝑐𝑘 + 𝑐−𝑘 = 2Re 𝑐𝑘 ; 𝑏𝑘 = 𝑗 𝑐𝑘 − 𝑐−𝑘 = −2Im 𝑐𝑘

 𝑥 𝑡 𝑏𝑘 = 0

∞
𝑎0 2𝜋
𝑥 𝑡 = + ෍ 𝑎𝑘 cos 𝑘𝜔0 𝑡 𝜔0 =
2 𝑇0
𝑘=1

 𝑥 𝑡 𝑎𝑘 = 0
∞
2𝜋
𝑥 𝑡 = ෍ 𝑏𝑘 sin 𝑘𝜔0 𝑡 𝜔0 =
𝑇0
𝑘=1
 𝑥 𝑡 𝑇0

∞
2𝜋
𝑥 𝑡 = 𝐶0 + ෍ 𝐶𝑘 cos(𝑘𝜔0 𝑡 − 𝜃𝑘 ) 𝜔0 =
𝑇0
𝑘=1

 𝐶0 𝐶𝑘 cos(𝑘𝜔0 𝑡 − 𝜃𝑘 )
𝑥 𝑡 𝑎𝑘 𝑏𝑘 𝐶𝑘
𝜃𝑘
𝑎𝑘 𝑏𝑘

𝑎0 2 𝑏𝑘
𝐶0 = ; 𝐶𝑘 = 2
𝑎𝑘 + 𝑏𝑘 ; 𝜃𝑘 = tan−1
2 𝑎𝑘
 𝑥1 𝑡 𝑥2 𝑡 𝑐1𝑘  𝑥 𝑡
𝑐2𝑘 𝑐𝑘 𝑥∗ 𝑡
∗
𝑐−𝑘
𝑇0
𝑎1 𝑥1 𝑡 + 𝑎2 𝑥2 𝑡 = 𝑥(𝑡) 1
𝑐𝑘 = න 𝑥 𝑡 𝑒 −𝑗𝑘𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇0
 𝑎1 𝑎2 0
𝑐𝑘 

𝑇0 𝑇0
1 1
𝑐𝑘 = න 𝑥 𝑡 𝑒 −𝑗𝑘𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑐−𝑘 = න 𝑥 𝑡 𝑒 𝑗𝑘𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇0 𝑇0
0 0

𝑐𝑘 = 𝑎1 𝑐1𝑘 + 𝑎2 𝑐2 𝑘
𝑇0
∗ 1
𝑐−𝑘 = න 𝑥 ∗ (𝑡)𝑒 −𝑗𝑘𝜔0𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇0
0
 𝑥 𝑡  𝑥 𝑡
𝑐𝑘 𝑇0 𝑐𝑘
𝑥 𝑡 𝑥 𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑘
𝑐−𝑘 𝑇0
𝑎

𝑇0 𝑇0
1 1
𝑐𝑘 = න 𝑥 𝑡 𝑒 −𝑗𝑘𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑐𝑘 = න 𝑥 𝑡 𝑒 −𝑗𝑘𝜔0𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇0 𝑇0
0 0

 𝑥 𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑘Ƹ 𝑎𝑡 = 𝜏
 −𝑡 = 𝜏 ֜ − 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑𝜏
0
𝑇0
1
0 𝑐𝑘Ƹ = න 𝑥 𝜏 𝑒 −𝑗𝑘𝜔0 𝜏 𝑑𝜏
1 𝑇0
𝑐−𝑘 = න 𝑥 𝜏 𝑒 −𝑗(−𝑘)𝜔0𝜏 𝑑𝜏 0
𝑇0
−𝑇0
𝑐𝑘Ƹ = 𝑐𝑘
 𝑥 𝑡  𝑥 𝑡
𝑇0 𝑐𝑘 𝑇0 𝑐𝑘
𝑥 𝑡 − 𝑡0 𝑒 𝑗𝑛𝜔0𝑡 𝑥 𝑡
𝑐𝑘−𝑛
𝑇0
1 𝑇0
𝑐𝑘 = න 𝑥 𝑡 𝑒 −𝑗𝑘𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 1
𝑇0 𝑐𝑘 = න 𝑥 𝑡 𝑒 −𝑗𝑘𝜔0𝑡 𝑑𝑡
0 𝑇0
0

 𝑥 𝑡 − 𝑡0 𝑐𝑘Ƹ  𝑐𝑘 → 𝑐𝑘−𝑛 ֜ 𝑥ො 𝑡 =?
0
𝑇0
𝑇0 1
1
𝑐𝑘Ƹ = න 𝑥 𝑡 − 𝑡0 𝑒 −𝑗𝑘𝜔0𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑐𝑘−𝑛 = න 𝑥 𝑡 𝑒 −𝑗(𝑘−𝑛)𝜔0𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇0 0 𝑇0
0

 𝜏 = 𝑡 − 𝑡0 
𝐹𝑆
𝑥 𝑡 𝑥 𝑡 ∙ 𝑒 𝑗𝑛𝜔0𝑡 with FSC 𝑐𝑘−𝑛
𝑐𝑘Ƹ = 𝑒 −𝑗𝑘𝜔0𝑡0 ∙ 𝑐𝑘
 𝑥 𝑡  𝑥 𝑡
𝑇0 𝑐𝑘 𝑇0 𝑐𝑘
𝑑 ‫𝑡 𝑥׬‬
𝑥 𝑡
𝑑𝑡
∞ ∞
𝑥 𝑡 = ෍ 𝑐𝑘 𝑒 𝑗𝑘𝜔0 𝑡 𝑥 𝑡 = ෍ 𝑐𝑘 𝑒 𝑗𝑘𝜔0 𝑡
𝑘=−∞ 𝑘=−∞

 
𝑡 𝑡

∞ ∞
𝑑𝑥(𝑡) 1
= ෍ 𝑗𝑘𝜔0 𝑐𝑘 𝑒 𝑗𝑘𝜔0𝑡 න 𝑥 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = ෍ 𝑐𝑘 𝑒 𝑗𝑘𝜔0𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑗𝑘𝜔0
𝑘=−∞ 𝑘=−∞

𝑑𝑥(𝑡) 1
 𝑗𝑘𝜔0 𝑐𝑘  ‫𝑡𝑑 𝑡 𝑥 ׬‬ 𝑐
𝑑𝑡 𝑗𝑘𝜔0 𝑘
 𝑥 𝑡 𝑇0 
𝑐𝑘
𝑥 𝑡
0  𝑥 𝑡 𝑇0
1 𝑥 𝑡
𝑃= න 𝑥(𝑡) 2 𝑑𝑡
𝑇0
𝑇0
𝑇0 𝑇0
 𝑥 𝑡 𝑥 𝑡 = −𝑥 𝑡 + 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 𝑡 − = −𝑥 𝑡
2 2

 𝑐𝑘
0 ∞
1
𝑃= න 𝑥(𝑡) 2 𝑑𝑡 = ෍ 𝑐𝑘 2
𝑇0
𝑇0 𝑘=−∞
 𝑥 𝑡

𝑥 𝑡 = 2 + 𝑗2 𝑒 −𝑗3𝑡 − 𝑗3𝑒 −𝑗2𝑡 + 6 + 𝑗3𝑒 𝑗2𝑡 + 2 − 𝑗2 𝑒 𝑗3𝑡 i. 𝑇0 = 2𝜋, 𝜔0 = 1

ii. 𝑐−3 = 2 + 𝑗2; 𝑐−2 = −𝑗3;
𝑐0 = 6; 𝑐3 = 2 + 𝑗2; 𝑐2 = 𝑗3
𝑥 𝑡 iii. 𝑃 = 70

1 1 1
i. 𝑐1 = 2 ; 𝑐−1 = 2 ; 𝑐2 = 2𝑗 ; 𝑐−2 =
1
𝑥 𝑡 = cos 𝜔0 𝑡 + sin 2𝜔0 𝑡 − 2𝑗
𝑥 𝑡 = 2 cos 𝜔0 𝑡 + sin2 2𝜔0 𝑡 1
ii. 𝑐−1 = 1; 𝑐0 = 2 ; 𝑐1 = 1; 𝑐4 =
1
−4;
1
𝑐−4 = −
4
 𝑦 𝑡 𝑥 𝑡
ℎ 𝑡 𝑦 𝑡 =𝑥 𝑡 ∗ℎ 𝑡


𝑌 𝜔 =𝑋 𝜔 𝐻 𝜔

 𝑌 𝜔 𝑋 𝜔 𝐻 𝜔
𝑦 𝑡 , 𝑥 𝑡 , and ℎ 𝑡

𝑌 𝜔
𝐻 𝜔 =
𝑋 𝜔
 𝐻 𝜔
 𝑋 𝜔 𝑋 𝜔 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡
∞ ∞
1
𝑋 𝜔 = න𝑥 𝑡 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑥 𝑡 = න 𝑋 𝜔 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡
2𝜋
−∞ −∞
 𝑋 𝜔 𝑥 𝑡
𝑋 𝜔
∞

𝑋 𝜔 =ℱ 𝑥 𝑡 = න 𝑥 𝑡 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡
−∞
∞
−1
1
𝑥 𝑡 =ℱ 𝑋 𝜔 = න 𝑋 𝜔 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡
2𝜋
−∞

 𝑥 𝑡 𝑋 𝜔

𝑥 𝑡 ↔𝑋 𝜔
 𝑋 𝜔 𝑥 𝑡

𝑋 𝜔 = 𝑋 𝜔 𝑒 𝑗𝜙 𝜔


𝑥 𝑡 𝑋 𝜔 𝑥 𝑡
𝑥 𝑡 𝑥 𝑡 𝑋 𝜔
𝑋 𝜔 𝜙 𝜔 𝑥 𝑡
 𝑥 𝑡
∞

𝑋 −𝜔 = න 𝑥 𝑡 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡
−∞

𝑋 −𝜔 = 𝑋 ∗ 𝜔 𝑋 −𝜔 = 𝑋 𝜔 𝜙 −𝜔 = −𝜙 𝜔
𝑎1 𝑥1 𝑡 + 𝑎2 𝑥2 𝑡 ↔ 𝑎1 𝑋1 𝜔 + 𝑎2 𝑋2 𝜔

𝑥 𝑡 − 𝑡0 ↔ 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡0 𝑋 𝜔

𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡0 𝑥 𝑡 ↔ 𝑋 𝜔 − 𝜔0

1 𝜔
𝑥 𝑎𝑡 ↔ 𝑋
𝑎 𝑎

𝑥 −𝑡 ↔ 𝑋 −𝜔

𝑋 𝑡 ↔ 2𝜋𝑥 −𝜔

𝑑𝑥 𝑡
↔ 𝑗𝜔𝑋 𝜔
𝑑𝑡
 𝑑𝑋 𝜔
−𝑗𝑡 𝑥 𝑡 ↔
𝑑𝜔
𝑡
1
න 𝑥 𝜏 𝑑𝜏 ↔ 𝜋𝑋 0 𝛿 𝜔 + 𝑋 𝜔
𝑗𝜔
−∞

𝑥1 𝑡 ∗ 𝑥2 𝑡 ↔ 𝑋1 𝜔 𝑋2 𝜔

1
𝑥1 𝑡 𝑥2 𝑡 ↔ 𝑋 𝜔 ∗ 𝑋2 𝜔
2𝜋 1
 𝑥 𝑡 𝑥 𝑡 = 𝑥𝑒 𝑡 + 𝑥𝑜 𝑡 ∞ ∞
න 𝑥1 𝜆 𝑋2 𝜆 𝑑𝜆 = න 𝑋1 𝜆 𝑥2 𝜆 𝑑𝜆
𝑥 𝑡 ↔ 𝑋 𝜔 = 𝐴 𝜔 + 𝑗𝐵 𝜔 −∞ −∞

∞
1 ∞
𝑋 −𝜔 = 𝑋 ∗ 𝜔 න 𝑥1 𝑡 𝑥2 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = න 𝑋1 𝜔 𝑋2 −𝜔 𝑑𝜔
−∞ 2𝜋 −∞

𝑥𝑒 𝑡 ↔ 𝑅𝑒 𝑋 𝜔 =𝐴 𝜔 ∞
1 ∞
න 𝑥 𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 = න 𝑋 𝜔 2 𝑑𝜔
−∞ 2𝜋 −∞
𝑥𝑜 𝑡 ↔ 𝑗𝐼𝑚 𝑋 𝜔 = 𝑗𝐵 𝜔