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Types of Protection:: Over Current Relay (Type-Application-Connection)
Types of Protection:: Over Current Relay (Type-Application-Connection)
Types of protection:
Protection schemes can be divided into two major groupings:
1. Unit schemes
2. Non-unit schemes
2 Phase to Phase fault Not with Ground Related Phase Over current relays
Coordination of definite-current relays is based on the fact that the fault current varies with the position of the fault
because of the difference in the impedance between the fault and the source
The relay located furthest from the source operate for a low current value
The operating currents are progressively increased for the other relays when moving towards the source.
It operates in 0.1s or less
Application: This type is applied to the outgoing feeders
(B) Definite Time Over current Relays:
In this type, two conditions must be satisfied for operation (tripping), current must exceed the setting value and
the fault must be continuous at least a time equal to time setting of the relay. Modern relays may contain more
than one stage of protection each stage includes each own current and time setting.
For Operation of Definite Time Over Current Relay operating time is constant
Its operation is independent of the magnitude of current above the pick-up value.
It has pick-up and time dial settings, desired time delay can be set with the help of an intentional time delay
mechanism.
Easy to coordinate.
Constant tripping time independent of in feed variation and fault location.
Drawback of Relay:
The continuity in the supply cannot be maintained at the load end in the event of fault.
Time lag is provided which is not desirable in on short circuits.
It is difficult to co-ordinate and requires changes with the addition of load.
It is not suitable for long distance transmission lines where rapid fault clearance is necessary for stability.
Relay have difficulties in distinguishing between Fault currents at one point or another when fault impedances
between these points are small, thus poor discrimination.
Application: Definite time over current relay is used as:
Back up protection of distance relay of transmission line with time delay.
Back up protection to differential relay of power transformer with time delay.
Main protection to outgoing feeders and bus couplers with adjustable time delay setting.
Over current relays generally have 50% to 200% setting while earth leakages over current relays have either 10%
to 40% or 20% to 80% current settings.
One important thing to be noted here is that the connection of the star points of both the C.T. secondary’s and
relay windings by a neutral conductor should be made.
A scheme without the neutral conductor will be unable to ensure reliable relay operation in the event of single
phase to earth faults because the secondary current in this case (without star-point interconnection) completes its
circuit through relay and C.T. windings which present large impedance. This may lead to failure of protection and
sharp decrease in reduction of secondary currents by CTs.
It is not sufficient if the neutral of the CTs and neutral of the relays are separately earthed. A conductor should be
run as stated earlier.
(2) 3 No O/C Relay+ 1 No E/F Relay for Over Current and Earth Fault Protection:
The scheme of connection for 3 Nos Over current Relay 1 No Earth Fault Relay is shown in figure.
Under normal operating conditions and three phase fault conditions the current in the 3-phase are equal and
symmetrically displaced by 12 Deg. Hence the sum of these three currents is zero. No current flow through the
earth fault relay.
In case of phase to phase faults (say a short between R and Y phases) the current flows from R-phase up to the
point of fault and return back through ‘Y’ phase. Thus only O/L relays in R and Y phases get the fault and operate.
Only earth faults cause currents to flow through E/L relay. A note of caution is necessary here. Only either C.T
secondary star point of relay winding star point should be earthed.
Earthing of both will short circuit the E/L relay and make it inoperative for faults.
(3) 2 No O/C Relay + 1 No E/F Relay for Over Current and Earth Fault Protection:
The two over current relays in R&B phases will respond to phase faults. At least one relay will operate for fault
involving two phase.
Source: http://electricalnotes.wordpress.com/2013/01/01/types-of-over-
current-relay/