CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 – Background

Comfort is a state of physical ease and freedom from pain or constraint.

There are many parameters of comfort which in turn are important for
human beings. Human beings spend a significant amount of their lives
in “artificial environments” - at work, at leisure / pleasure venues or
at home. Thermal Comfort, within these built environments, plays a
significant role in occupant health and wellbeing, which in turn has an
impact on performance and productivity.
Thermal comfort plays a crucial role in offices. An office is a place in
which business, clerical and professional activities are conducted. The
main purpose of an office environment is to support its occupants in
performing their job. The employees’ of an office prefer to have a
comfortable space to work as they spend most of their time in an office.

The productivity of employees’ is an important issue and is affected by

their comfort level. Their comfort depends on factors like light,
ventilation, layout of office, layout of workstations, spaciousness etc.
An unpleasant sensation of being too hot or too cold (thermal
discomfort) can distract people from their work and disturb their
wellbeing. This may lead to reduced concentration and decreased
motivation to work. The consequence of such a state is usually reduced
productivity. This thermal comfort is achieved by providing artificial or
natural ventilation, but still it is not a complete solution. The artificial
ventilation includes air-conditioning systems, fans, coolers, exhausts,
etc.
The research focuses on employees’ perception of thermal
comfort with respect to the diffusers and workstations position.

1
1.2 – Aim of the research

To compare and analyse employees’ thermal comfort in different air-

conditioned offices with respect to the layout of the diffusers and
workstations.

1.3 - Objectives

• To study the various layouts of workstations and diffusers with

respect to each other.

1.4 – Research Question

I. How does employees’ thermal comfort vary with respect to the

layout of the diffusers and workstations in different air-
conditioned offices?

1.5- Methodology

1. The field studies are carried out in three offices.

2. Data collection by:-

I. Studying the layout of position of diffusors in the work space.

II. Studying the layout of workstations in the office.

III. Interview of employees’ with the help of a questionnaire.

IV. Documentation of default settings of the air conditioning

system.

2
 3. Analysis:-

I. Presentation of the data with the help of the questionnaire.

II. Comparative Analysis of data.

1.6 – Scope and Limitation

Scope:

To study the comparative analysis of thermal comfort of the employees’

in private offices.

Limitation:
1. Office typology is limited to private sector.
2. Offices studied are restricted to Pune.
3. The study is limited to employees’ thermal comfort.
4. Default settings of air conditioning system not to be changed.
5. Personal health profile and background of an employee is not
considered.

1.7- Significance of the Research

The research would help in finding the areas which are thermally
comfortable and uncomfortable in different air-conditioned offices with
respect to the position of diffusers and the layout of workstations.
Further it would give the guidelines for the layout of diffusers or work
stations or vice-versa in private offices.

3
 CHAPTER- 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1: Introduction:

Comfort is a state of physical ease and freedom from pain or constraint.

For something so desirable comfort can be a vague concept.

There are many parameters of thermal comfort which includes

thermal, relative humidity, visual, auditory, hygiene, furniture layout
etc. Amongst which the research deals with thermal comfort.

2.1.1: Thermal comfort

Thermal comfort is defined in the International Standard ISO 7730 as:
‘that condition of mind which expresses satisfaction with the thermal
environment.’ Thus ‘thermal comfort’ describes a person’s
psychological state of mind and is often referred to in terms of how one
feels - generally in relation to air temperature. However, thermal
comfort is more complex and needs to take into account a range of
environmental and personal factors. These factors make up what may
be termed as the ‘human thermal environment’. Hence thermal
comfort, as a parameter, can be assessed by subjective evaluation
(ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55).
Thermal neutrality is maintained when the heat generated by human
metabolism is allowed to dissipate, thus maintaining thermal
equilibrium with the surroundings. The main factors that influence
thermal comfort are those that determine heat gain and loss, namely
metabolic rate, clothing insulation, air temperature, mean radiant
temperature, air speed and relative humidity. However, it is also
argued that neutrality is not necessarily the preferred condition -
which people often prefer to feel warmer than neutral in winter, and
cooler than neutral in summer(Source: HSE). Thus the study mainly
focuses on perception of an employee’.

4
 Environmental factors
Personal factors
Fig. 2.1 Interdependent factors

Asymmetry can also impact on thermal comfort: for example different

surface temperatures within a space (radiant temperature asymmetry),
temperature gradients between head and feet and fluctuating air
velocities (turbulence intensity). Sitting next to a cold surface such as
a single glazed window in winter can cause discomfort due to radiant
temperature asymmetry as well as from a cold draught from both air
being cooled and dropping down the
Thermal Comfort Parameters.
An extensive literature review of the effects of room temperatures on
office work was given by Wyon (1993) and further complemented and
updated by Clements-Croome (2006). This research shows that
thermal discomfort affects employees’ productivity.
To overcome thermal discomfort Human beings adapt by Donning or
removing clothing, unconscious changes in posture, choice of heating,
moving to cooler locations away from heat sources, etc. These in turn
affect the work efficiency.
Thus there is intensive need to provide a thermally comfortable
environment in offices as it directly affects the employees productivity.
It is necessary for quality of work, concentration and to avoid risk of
errors.

5
2.1.2: Air conditioning-

In offices the thermal comfort is achieved with the help of air

conditioning systems. Air conditioning is a system for controlling the
humidity, ventilation, and temperature in a building or vehicle,
typically to maintain a cool atmosphere in warm conditions.

I. This can range from small units that lower the air
temperature but do not control humidity levels or air
movement, to large units that can cope with extreme
conditions as well as humidity and air movement.

II. Air conditioning helps in uniform air distribution throughout

the office.

III. Apart from central A.C. system, there are other type of air-
conditioning systems.

2.1.3: Factors responsible for uniform air distribution

I. Position of diffusers

II. Positions of extractors

III. Positions of office furniture

IV. Air flow

V. Height of the room

2.2: Conclusions-

The case study helps us to understand the employees’ perception of

thermal comfort. It also gives us certain set of conventions to attain
for achieving comfort. It should also be understood that comfort is a
relative concept and depends on the user.

6
 CHAPTER-3

METHODOLOGY

3.1: PILOT CASE STUDIES:-

Before actually doing the case studies, pilot case studies were carried
out of offices that are located in the suburbs of Pune. Carrying pilot
case studies was important for knowing the scale of the office, whether
the office has a central air-conditioning system and the number of
employees’ working there.
After carrying out the pilot case studies, the cases were selected and
another visit was carried out for making sketch plan of the work space
and to mark the positions of diffusers in the plan.
Then there was final visit made for doing a survey with the help of a
questionnaire to know employees’ thermal comfort level. In this survey
random samples were selected and the average samples selected were
around 50 in each office.

3.2: CASE STUDY SELECTION:-

The criteria for the selection of cases was based on the limitations
that the office has to be a private office. The cases are of varying form
and different footprint. The offices selected have central air
conditioning that helps in maintaining the humidity in the air and
conditions it. The no of employees working in the work space are not
more than 250 employees.

7
The cases studied on the basis of this criteria are:-

I. Amanora site office

The office is located in Amanora Township, Hadapsar, Pune.
The number of employees’ working in this site office are 100.

II. Strata Enterprises Solutions

The office is located near Magarpatta Township. The number of
employees working in the work space studied are around 200.

III. Cognizant Hinjewadi

The office is located in Hinjewadi, Pune. The number of
employees’ working in the work space studied are around 200.

3.3: STUDYING THE PLANS:-

During the pilot case study, plan of the work space was drawn in
which the workstation layout and positions of diffusers were marked.
The workstations typology was then identified on the basis of their
distance from the diffuser position and then were marked on the plan
using different colour coding. The positions of the samples were also
marked which are indicated by a rectangles.

8
3.4: INTERVIEWING THE EMPLOYEES’:-
After making the plan, a survey was done for studying the thermal
comfort of employees’ with the help of a questionnaire.
This questionnaire consisted of both verbal and written questions.

Respected Sir/Madam,

I, Neha Pawar, am a student of B.K.P.S College of Architecture. I

am conducting a survey for my dissertation –Employees’ perception
of thermal comfort in an air-conditioned office. Thus I would like
you to fill up the following questionnaire. Your co-operation would be
very helpful and highly appreciated.
This questionnaire is meant for academic purpose only. The
information provided would not be disclosed.

Q. What is your age group?

1. 20- 30
2. 30-40
3. 40-50
4. 50-60
Q. Gender?
1. Male
2. Female
Q. What is your comfort level with respect to the temperature?
1. Very comfortable ( sitting in your workstation for 5 hours or
more continuously )
2. Comfortable ( sitting for 4-5 hours continuously )
3. Moderately comfortable ( sitting for 3 – 4 hours continuously)
4. moderately uncomfortable( please give reason) ( sitting for 2-3
hours)
5. Very uncomfortable (please give reason) ( sitting for 1-2 hour
continuously)

9
Q. what is your thermal comfort requirement?

1. Increasing the temperature

2. Decreasing the temperature

Q. Mark your respective workstation in the attached plan with a

rectangle.

Note: - During the survey a plan of the workspace was provided

to the employees’ in which they were asked to mark their
workstation position.

Q. If you were given an option, which workstation would you prefer

and why? (Please mark your preferred position in the attached plan
with a circle)

Note: - During the survey a plan of the workspace was provided

to the employees’ in which they were asked to mark their
preferred workstation position.

Q. Describe your clothing for current season that you wear in office?
For ex. Trousers, shirt, sweater, saree etc.

10
 CHAPTER-4

COLLECTION AND PRESENTASION OF DATA

4.1: CASE STUDY 1: AMANORA SITE OFFICE

The pilot case study was done on 8th January 2015 to sketch out the
layout of workstations and to mark the positions of diffusers in the
plan. After that a final case study was carried out on 9th January. In
this a survey was conducted to understand the perception of
employees’ on thermal comfort. The capacity of employees’ in this office
is 100. The time of visit to the office was around 4:30 pm. The sample
size taken was 50 employees’. The default temperature of air-
conditioning in the work space was 25 degree Celsius. The
workstations in the office are arranged in a linear pattern. This pattern
is repeated after a distance of 1.5 m. Thus a passage is created for
circulation. To allow natural light to enter, windows are provided in the
side walls, but the amount of natural light entering the work space is
not sufficient for such a large space, thus artificial lighting is used most
of the day. In the office the diffusers are placed at a distance of 7m
from the previous one and are located at a height of 4.5m from the floor
level.

Fig. 4.1 plan showing the sample positions in colour coding

Samples position

11
 Fig 4.2 plan showing the categorised workstations by colour coding
Fig. 4.1. 1 Plan showing the positions of diffusers and categorised workstations

TYPE A WORKSTATIONS (within the dist. of 1.5m from the diffuser)

TYPE B WORKSTATIONS (within the dist. of 2.5m from the diffuser)
TYPE C WORKSTATIONS (within the dist. of 3.5m from the diffuser)

The workstations are categorized based on their distance from the

diffuser and are represented by different color codes in the plan. The
workstations that are coded by red color are locate at a distance of 1.5
or less from the diffuser. The workstations that are coded by blue color
are located at a distance farther than 1.5m till 2.5m, whereas
workstations that are coded by yellow color are located within or at the
distance of 3.5m.

The Independent Variables in the reasearch were the employees’. The

dependent Variables in the reasearch are the diffuser layout,
workstations and thermal comfort as they are dependent on one or the
other.

12
 4.1.1: DATA PRESENATION OF CASE STUDY 1

(Chart 4.1) thermal comfort (Chart 4.2) thermal comfort (Chart 4.3) thermal comfort
level in type A workstations level in type B level in Type c workstations
workstations

Very comfortable

Comfortable

Moderately
comfortable

Moderately
uncomfortable

Uncomfortable

(Chart 4.4) average thermal comfort level in the

office

These pie charts were drafted based on the questions answered by the
employees’ in the questionnaire, the questionnaire being both formal
and verbal.

Chart 4.1 reveals that in type A workstations only 1/4th of the

employees’ are comfortable, 1/4th of the employees’ are moderately
comfortable and almost half the employees’ are uncomfortable. Where
as in case of type B workstations 3/4th of the employees’ are
comfortable, almost 1/4th of the employees’’ are moderately
comfortable and few are uncomfortable.

13
Lastly in case of type C workstations half of the employees’ are very
comfortable, 1/4th are comfortable, and from the rest 1/4th employees’
half of the employees’ are moderately comfortable and the rest half is
uncomfortable.

After analyzing the thermal comfort levels of each workstation type, the
analysis shows that the average comfort level of the office comprises of
1/4th of the employees’ that are very comfortable, slightly more than
1/4th that are comfortable, 1/4th of the employees’ that are moderately
comfortable, almost 1/4th of the employees’ that are moderately
uncomfortable and a very few employees’ that are uncomfortable.

(Fig 4.3) Plan showing the thermal comfort level in the office

Very comfortable Moderately comfortable

Comfortable Moderately uncomfortable

Uncomfortable

The analysis also shows that the areas that are near the diffuser
position are mostly moderately uncomfortable and few areas that are
directly below the diffusers are uncomfortable. Whereas the area away
from the diffusers are comparatively comfortable. The workstations
that are categorized as type C are most comfortable.

14
4.2: CASE STUDY 2: Strata Enterprises Solutions

The pilot case study was done on 14th January 2015 to sketch out the
layout of workstations and to mark the positions of diffusers in the
plan. After that a final case study was done on 15th January. In this a
survey was conducted to understand the perception of employees’ on
thermal comfort. The capacity of employees’ in this office is 200. The
time of visit to the office was around 4:00 pm. The sample size taken
was 60 employees’. The default temperature of air-conditioning in the
work space was 24 degree Celsius. The workstations in the office are
arranged in a similar manner like that in Amanora office. This pattern
is repeated after a distance of 1.8 m, thus a passage is created for
circulation. To allow natural light to enter windows are provided in the
side walls, but this natural light is not sufficient for such a large space,
thus artificial lighting is used most of the day. For central air
conditioning diffusers are place at a distance of 5m and are located at
a height of 3m. There is a provision of lunch area in the office, also a
gaming zone is provided for the employees’ to break their monotonous
work schedule.

(Fig 4.4) Plan showing the samples in colour coding

Samples position

15
 (Fig 4.5) Plan showing the categorised workstations by colour coding

TYPE A WORKSTATIONS (within the dist. of 1.5m from the diffuser)

TYPE B WORKSTATIONS (within the dist. of 2.5m from the diffuser)
TYPE C WORKSTATIONS (within the dist. of 3.5m from the diffuser)

The workstations are categorized based on their distance from the

diffuser and are represented by different color codes in the plan. The
workstations that are coded by red color are locate at a distance of 1.5
or less from the diffuser. The workstations that are coded by blue color
are located at a distance farther than 1.5m till 2.5m, whereas
workstations that are coded by yellow color are located within the
distance of 3.5m.

The Independent Variables in the reasearch were the employees’. The

dependent Variables in the reasearch are the diffuser layout,
workstations and thermal comfort as they are dependent on one or the
other.

16
 4.2.1: DATA PRESENATION OF CASE STUDY 2

(Chart 4.5) Thermal (Chart 4.6) Thermal (Chart 4.7) Thermal

comfort level in Type A comfort level in type B comfort level type C
workstations workstations workstations

Very comfortable

Comfortable

Moderately
comfortable
Moderately
uncomfortable

Uncomfortable

(Chart 4.8) Average Thermal comfort

level in the office

These pie charts were drafted based on the questions answered by the
employees’ in the questionnaire, the questionnaire being both formal
and verbal.

Chart 4.5 reveals that in type A workstations slightly less than 1/4th
of the employees’ are comfortable, almost 1/4th of the employees’ are
moderately comfortable and almost half the employees’ are
uncomfortable. Where as in case of type B workstations half of the
employees’ are comfortable, almost 1/4th of the employees’’ are
moderately comfortable and 1/4th are uncomfortable.

17
Lastly in case of type C workstations half of the employees’ are
comfortable, 1/4th are comfortable, and from the rest 1/4th employees’
half of the employees’ are moderately comfortable and the rest 1/4th is
uncomfortable.

After analyzing the thermal comfort levels of each workstation type, the
analysis shows that the average comfort level of the office comprises of
half of the employees’ are comfortable, 1/4th of the employees’ that are
moderately comfortable, 1/4th of employees’ that are moderately
uncomfortable and very few employees’ that are uncomfortable.

(Fig 4.6) Plan showing thermal comfort in office

Moderately comfortable
Very comfortable
Moderately uncomfortable
Comfortable
Uncomfortable

The analysis shows that the areas that are near the diffuser position
are mostly moderately comfortable and most of the areas that are
directly below the diffusers are moderately uncomfortable. The area
away from the diffusers are comfortable, only a few areas are there
which are very comfortable. The workstations that are categorized as
type C are more comfortable in comparison to the other workstations.

18
4.3: CASE STUDY 3: Cognizant Hinjewadi, Pune

The pilot case study was done on 28th January 2015 to sketch out the
layout of workstations and to mark the positions of diffusers in the
plan. After that a final case study was done on 29th January. The
capacity of employees’ in this office is 200. The time of visit to the office
was around 3:00 pm. The sample size taken was 60 employees’. The
default temperature of air-conditioning in the work space was 25
degree Celsius. The workstations in the office are arranged in a similar
manner like that in other two cases. This pattern is repeated after a
distance of 1.8 m, thus a passage is created for circulation. To allow
natural light to enter windows are provided on the side wall, but this
natural light is not sufficient for such a large space, thus artificial
lighting is used most of the day. For central air conditioning diffusers
are place at a distance of 7.5m and are located at a height of 4m.

(Fig 4.7) Plan showing the workstations of

samples
Sample positions

19
`

(Fig 4.8) Plan showing the categorised workstations by colour coding

TYPE A WORKSTATIONS (within the dist. of 1.5m from the diffuser)

TYPE B WORKSTATIONS (within the dist. of 2.5m from the diffuser)
TYPE C WORKSTATIONS (within the dist. of 3.5m from the diffuser)

The workstations are categorized based on their distance from the

diffuser and are represented by different color codes in the plan. The
workstations that are coded by red color are locate at a distance of 1.5
or less from the diffuser. The workstations that are coded by blue color
are located at a distance farther than 1.5m till 2.5m, whereas
workstations that are coded by yellow color are located within the
distance of 3.5m.

The Independent Variables in the reasearch were the employees’. The

dependent Variables in the reasearch are the diffuser layout,
workstations and thermal comfort as they are dependent on one or the
other.

20
4.3.1: DATA PRESENATION OF CASE STUDY 3

(Chart 4.9) Thermal (Chart 4.10) thermal (Chart 4.11) thermal

comfort level in type A comfort level in type B comfort level in type
workstations workstations C workstations

Very comfortable

Comfortable

Moderately comfortable

Moderately
uncomfortable

Uncomfortable

(Chart 4.12) Average Thermal comfort level

in the office

These pie charts were drafted based on the questions answered by the
employees’ in the questionnaire, the questionnaire being both formal
and verbal.

Chart 4.9 reveals that in type A workstations very few employees’ are
comfortable, almost 1/4th of the employees’ are moderately
comfortable, almost half the employees’ are moderately uncomfortable
and 1/4th of employees’ are uncomfortable. Where as in case of type B
workstations 1/4th of the employees are very comfortable, half of the
employees’ are comfortable, almost 1/4th of the employees’’ are
moderately comfortable and very few are uncomfortable.

21
Lastly in case of type C workstations 1/4th of the employees’ are very
comfortable, half of the employees’ are comfortable, 1/4th employees’
are moderately comfortable and very few employees’ are
uncomfortable.

After analyzing the thermal comfort levels of each workstation type, the
analysis shows that the average comfort level of the office comprises of
half the employees’ that are comfortable, 1/4th of employees’ that are
moderately comfortable, 1/4th employees’ that are moderately
uncomfortable and very few employees’ that are uncomfortable.

(Fig 4.9) Plan showing thermal comfort in office

Very comfortable Moderately comfortable

Comfortable Moderately uncomfortable

Uncomfortable
The analysis shows that the areas that are near the diffuser position
are mostly moderately comfortable and a few of these workstations are
uncomfortable amongst which most of the areas that are directly below
the diffusers are moderately uncomfortable. The area away from the
diffusers are comfortable, only a few areas are there which are very
comfortable. The workstations that are categorized as type C are more
comfortable in comparison to the other workstations as most of their
employees’ were very comfortable in their workstations.

22
4.4: COMPARATIVE DATA ANALYSIS :

After all three offices were studied and the employees’ were interviewed
, the next step was to compare the data of all the three offices in terms
of thermal comfort with respect to the type of workstations, height of
the offices and gender based analysis.

VERY

50%
COMFORTABLE

45%
COMFORTABLE
39%

MODERATELY
COMFORTABLE
28%

MODERATELY

25%
UNCOMFORTABLE

20%
18%
17%

UNCOMFORTABLE
16%

14%

14%

10%
4%

0%
0%

AMANORA OFFICE STRATA COGNIZANT,

ENTERPRISE HINJEWADI
SOLUTIONS

(Chart 4.13) Thermal comfort in type A workstations

The number of employees experiencing thermal discomfort are more in

STRATA ENTERPRISES SOLUTIONS in comparison to the other two
offices. Whereas the number of employees’ experiencing thermal
comfort are more in AMANORA office in comparison to the other two
cases as the diffusers were places at shorter distance and were located
at a lower height in comparison to the other two offices.

23
 50%

43%
36%

29%
25%

25%

19%
18%
15%

14%
10%

9%
7%
0%

0%
AMANORA OFFICE STRATA COGNIZANT,
ENTERPRISE HINJEWADI
SOLUTIONS

(Chart 4.14) Thermal comfort in type B workstations

In type B workstations, most of the employees’ are comfortable. The

maximum thermal comfort is in Amanora office, whereas thermal
discomfort is more in Strata Enterprises Solutions in comparison to
the other two cases.
59%

VERY
50%

COMFORTABLE
48%

COMFORTABLE
30%

28%
25%

19%

MODERATELY
COMFORTABLE
10%
10%

8%

8%

5%

MODERATELY
0%

0%

0%

UNCOMFORTABLE
AMANORA OFFICE STRATA COGNIZANT,
ENTERPRISE HINJEWADI UNCOMFORTABLE
SOLUTIONS

(Chart 4.15) thermal comfort in type C workstations

24
In type C workstations, most of the employees’ are comfortable. The
maximum thermal comfort is in Amanora office and Cognizant
Hinjewad. Whereas Strata Enterprises Solutions have more number of
employees’ that are comfortable and moderately comfortable.

36%

33%
VERY
31%

COMFORTABLE
25%

24%
23% COMFORTABLE

21%
20%

20%
19%
18%

MODERATELY
COMFORTABLE
10%

7%

7%
MODERATELY
6%

UNCOMFORTABLE

UNCOMFORTABLE
AMANORA OFFICE - STRATA COGNIZANT,
HT. 4.5M ENTERPRISE HINJEWADI - HT.
SOLUTIONS- HT. 3M 4M

(Chart 4.16) height analysis

It is observed that the height of 4.5m which is in Amanora office

provides the maximum thermal comfort and the height of 3.5m which
is in Strata Enterprises Solutions provides the minimum thermal
comfort as the diffusers are closely places in comparison to other
offices studied and are placed at a lower height than other cases.

25
 (Chart 4.17) gender analysis for thermal comfort

In the offices it is observed that male are more thermally

comfortable in the offices, whereas females are more sensitive
towards temperature. In the survey 40 % of male were very
comfortable in the office, 8% were comfortable and a very few were
moderately comfortable and moderately uncomfortable. Whereas in
case of females only 18% were comfortable and most of them were
moderately comfortable.

26
 CHAPTER 5

FINDINGS

a) The analysis shows that thermal comfort of employees’ with

workstations which are slightly far from the diffuser position is
better in comparison to the employees’ with workstations at a
distance of 1.5 m or less from the diffuser position.

b) The analysis shows that the height of 4.5 m provides maximum

thermal comfort and 3m height provides the minimum thermal
comfort level in the cases studied.

c) The analysis shows that the thermal comfort level in strata

enterprises solutions is comparatively less than the other two
office as the diffusers are closely placed and the height of the
diffuser from the floor is lesser than the other offices.

d) The analysis shows that most of the males were very comfortable
in air conditioning, whereas in case of females only 1/4th were
comfortable and most of them were moderately comfortable.

27
 CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

a) The finding implicates that the employees’ with workstations at

a distance of 1.5m or less are mostly uncomfortable with respect
to thermal comfort, thus more attention in the layout of diffuser
and layout of workstations should be given.

b) The height of the workspaces should not be less than 4.5m for
better thermal comfort of employees’ as it is observed that the
Amanora office with a clear height of 4.5m provides better
thermal comfort in comparison to the other offices studied. Also
it is observed that in Amanora office the diffusers are place at a
distance of 7 m, which is comparatively a longer distance that
other offices.

c) The research would help in finding the thermally comfortable

and uncomfortable areas in different air-conditioned offices with
respect to the diffuser and workstations position and thus it
would help in providing an appropriate layout of diffusers and
workstations with respect to each other, also it would help in
providing guidelines for the diffuser layout and workstations
positioning.

28
 CHAPTER 7
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