JOURNAL RESUME

Lecture : Ns. Henni Kusuma, S.Kep., M.Kep.Sp.KMB

Written by:

Name : Tamara Bella Santika

NIM : 22020117130085
Class : A17.1

DEPARTMENT OF NURSING

FACULTY OF MEDICINE
DIPONEGORO UNIVERSITY
2018
 POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION

Postpartum depression is a temporary mild mood / affective disorders that

occur on the first day to the tenth day after delivery and will usually gradually
disappear within a few days and are still considered a normal condition associated
with postpartum psychological adaptation (WHO, 2007). The symptoms are of
easy to cry (tearfulness), emotional lability, mood changes, confusion, anxiety and
cognitive disorders (lack of attention, unable to concentrate / distractibility and
forgetfulness). Several studies have shown that a history of depression and
psychological conditions is very influential in postpartum depression. The
negative impact is very dangerous for babies such as growth problems, greater
risk of fussiness, lack of interaction with the mother, and difficulty sleeping and
eating, mothers rarely give breast milk and more often give formula milk which
causes an increased risk of overweight on infants (Badr & Zauszniewski, 2017).

The cause of postpartum depression is not know yet, but can be classified
as several groups including (Badr & Zauszniewski, 2017): (1) Based on the age of
the mother, because the age factor influences mental readiness in the process of
labor and becoming a mother will affect the psychological adaptation of the
puerperium that is the occurrence of postpartum depression. (2) Based on parity,
primiparous mothers are more likely to be affected by postpartum depression than
multiparous mothers. Because primiparous mothers do not have the experience of
childbirth and parenting so that they have a psychological burden and emotional
disturbances. (3) Based on the unpleasant experience of childbirth, mothers who
give birth in a complicated (abnormal) manner such as section Caesarea will
experience hurt and pain in the abdomen so that they cannot take care of the baby.
(4) Based on education, due to a lack of knowledge of mothers who have a middle
down education about labor or infant care. (5) Based on family support, the
existence of support from the family becomes the cause. The frequent occurrence
of disagreements in baby care and attention to the baby in the first days makes the
mother feel she is not supported.

Most mothers are reluctant to take pharmacological care and receive more
non-pharmacological treatments. Non-pharmacological interventions include
listening visits that focus on the experience of the mother and her child, especially
if the mother faces problems in caring for her newborn child and cognitive
behavioral therapy that focuses on helping depressed mothers change their
behavior to improve their ability to overcome and reduce stressed out. There is
also therapy to prevent and minimize postpartum depression, which is skin-to-skin
contact between mother and baby, called kangaroo care (KC). Kangaroo care is
skin to skin contact between mother and baby, combined with exclusive
breastfeeding (Badr & Zauszniewski, 2017).

The effect of this therapy is not found maternal depression in the mother
and strengthening the mother-child bond. It is because oxytocin hormone released,
which works to shut off the stress systems upon reaching the amygdala. Oxytocin
also stimulates maternal behaviors, such as attachment, and can have anxiolytic,
antidepressant, sedative effects and increase one's pain threshold. Oxytocin can
help decrease the circulation of catecholamines in the mother, which is considered
a positive outcome of hormonal oxytocin because it reduces maternal stress (Badr
& Zauszniewski, 2017).

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 REFERENCES

Badr, H. A.,& Zauszniewski, J. A. (2017). Kangaroo care and postpartum

depression: The role of oxytocin. International Journal of Nursing
Science; 4: 179-183. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2017.01.001